<s>
Open	B-Device
XML	I-Device
Paper	I-Device
Specification	I-Device
(	O
also	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
OpenXPS	B-Device
)	O
is	O
an	O
open	O
specification	O
for	O
a	O
page	O
description	O
language	O
and	O
a	O
fixed-document	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
developed	O
it	O
as	O
the	O
XML	B-Device
Paper	I-Device
Specification	I-Device
(	O
XPS	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2009	O
,	O
Ecma	O
International	O
adopted	O
it	O
as	O
international	O
standard	O
ECMA-388	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
an	O
XML-based	O
(	O
more	O
precisely	O
XAML-based	O
)	O
specification	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
new	O
print	O
path	O
(	O
print	O
processing	O
data	O
representation	O
and	O
data	O
flow	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
color-managed	O
vector	O
document	O
format	O
that	O
supports	O
device	B-Operating_System
independence	I-Operating_System
and	O
resolution	B-General_Concept
independence	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Windows	B-Application
8	I-Application
.xps	B-Device
was	O
replaced	O
with	O
the	O
ECMA	O
standard	O
.oxps	B-Device
format	O
which	O
is	O
not	O
natively	O
supported	O
in	O
older	O
Windows	O
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenXPS	B-Device
was	O
introduced	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
Portable	B-Application
Document	I-Application
Format	I-Application
(	O
PDF	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
PDF	B-Application
remained	O
the	O
standard	O
choice	O
,	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
and	O
user	O
familiarity	O
with	O
XPS	B-Application
files	O
is	O
limited	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XPS	B-Application
document	O
format	O
consists	O
of	O
structured	O
XML	B-Protocol
markup	O
that	O
defines	O
the	O
layout	O
of	O
a	O
document	O
and	O
the	O
visual	O
appearance	O
of	O
each	O
page	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
rendering	O
rules	O
for	O
distributing	O
,	O
archiving	O
,	O
rendering	O
,	O
processing	O
and	O
printing	O
the	O
documents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notably	O
,	O
the	O
markup	O
language	O
for	O
XPS	B-Application
is	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
XAML	B-Device
,	O
allowing	O
it	O
to	O
incorporate	O
vector	O
elements	O
in	O
documents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
XPS	B-Application
file	O
is	O
a	O
ZIP	B-General_Concept
archive	I-General_Concept
using	O
the	O
Open	O
Packaging	O
Conventions	O
,	O
containing	O
the	O
files	O
which	O
make	O
up	O
the	O
document	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
include	O
an	O
XML	B-Protocol
markup	O
file	O
for	O
each	O
page	O
,	O
text	O
,	O
embedded	O
fonts	O
,	O
raster	O
images	O
,	O
2D	O
vector	O
graphics	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
digital	O
rights	O
management	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
contents	O
of	O
an	O
XPS	B-Application
file	O
can	O
be	O
examined	O
by	O
opening	O
it	O
in	O
an	O
application	O
which	O
supports	O
ZIP	B-General_Concept
files	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
two	O
incompatible	O
XPS	B-Application
formats	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
document	O
writer	O
printed	O
to	O
.xps	B-Device
in	O
Windows	B-Device
7	I-Device
and	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beginning	O
with	O
Windows	B-Application
8	I-Application
,	O
the	O
document	O
writer	O
defaults	O
to	O
the	O
.oxps	B-Device
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XpsConverter	O
converts	O
documents	O
between	O
.xps	B-Device
and	O
.oxps	B-Device
format	O
,	O
while	O
OxpsConverter	O
converts	O
documents	O
from	O
.oxps	B-Device
to	O
.xps	B-Device
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XPS	B-Application
specifies	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
document	O
layout	O
functionality	O
for	O
paged	O
,	O
printable	O
documents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
has	O
support	O
for	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
color	O
gradients	O
,	O
transparencies	O
,	O
CMYK	O
color	B-Algorithm
spaces	I-Algorithm
,	O
printer	O
calibration	O
,	O
multiple-ink	O
systems	O
and	O
print	O
schemas	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
XPS	B-Application
supports	O
the	O
Windows	O
Color	O
System	O
color	O
management	O
technology	O
for	O
color	O
conversion	O
precision	O
across	O
devices	O
and	O
higher	B-General_Concept
dynamic	I-General_Concept
range	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
print	O
subsystem	O
supports	O
named	B-Data_Structure
colors	I-Data_Structure
,	O
simplifying	O
color	O
definition	O
for	O
images	O
transmitted	O
to	O
printers	O
supporting	O
those	O
colors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XPS	B-Application
supports	O
HD	B-Device
Photo	I-Device
images	O
natively	O
for	O
raster	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XPS	B-Application
format	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
spool	O
file	O
represents	O
advanced	O
graphics	O
effects	O
such	O
as	O
3D	O
images	O
,	O
glow	O
effects	O
,	O
and	O
gradients	O
as	O
Windows	O
Presentation	O
Foundation	O
primitives	O
,	O
which	O
printer	O
drivers	O
could	O
offload	O
their	O
rasterization	O
to	O
the	O
printer	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
reduce	O
computational	O
load	O
if	O
the	O
printer	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
rasterizing	O
those	O
primitives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
Adobe	O
Inc.	O
'	O
s	O
PDF	B-Application
,	O
XPS	B-Application
is	O
a	O
page	O
description	O
language	O
using	O
fixed-layout	O
document	O
format	O
designed	O
to	O
preserve	O
document	O
fidelity	O
,	O
providing	O
device-independent	O
document	O
appearance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PDF	B-Application
is	O
a	O
database	O
of	O
objects	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
created	O
from	O
PostScript	B-Language
or	O
generated	O
directly	O
from	O
applications	O
,	O
whereas	O
XPS	B-Application
is	O
based	O
on	O
XML	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
formats	O
are	O
compressed	B-Algorithm
,	O
albeit	O
using	O
different	O
methods	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
filter	O
pipeline	B-Operating_System
architecture	O
of	O
XPS	B-Application
is	O
also	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
one	O
used	O
in	O
printers	O
supporting	O
the	O
PostScript	B-Language
page	O
description	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PDF	B-Application
includes	O
dynamic	O
capabilities	O
purposely	O
not	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
XPS	B-Application
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
many	O
resources	O
for	O
converting	O
from	O
XPS	B-Application
to	O
PDF	B-Application
and	O
some	O
for	O
converting	O
from	O
PDF	B-Application
to	O
XPS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
method	O
often	O
suggested	O
is	O
to	O
open	O
an	O
XPS	B-Application
file	O
in	O
a	O
program	O
with	O
printing	O
capability	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
"	O
print	O
"	O
to	O
a	O
virtual	B-Application
PDF	I-Application
printer	I-Application
such	O
as	O
Microsoft	O
Print	O
to	O
PDF	B-Application
,	O
with	O
a	O
similar	O
procedure	O
to	O
convert	O
from	O
PDF	B-Application
to	O
XPS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Comparison	O
between	O
OXPS	O
and	O
PDF	B-Application
File	I-Application
format	O
OpenXPS	B-Device
PDF	B-Application
Original	O
author	O
Microsoft	O
Adobe	O
Systems	O
Standardized	O
by	O
Ecma	O
International	O
ISO	O
First	O
public	O
release	O
date	O
2006	O
1993	O
Latest	O
stable	O
version	O
Ecma	O
International	O
Standard	O
ECMA-388	B-Device
—	O
Open	B-Device
XML	I-Device
Paper	I-Device
Specification	I-Device
—	O
1st	O
Edition	O
ISO	O
32000-1:2008	O
—	O
Document	O
management	O
—	O
Portable	B-Application
document	I-Application
format	I-Application
—	O
Part	O
1	O
:	O
PDF	B-Application
1.7	O
Latest	O
standardised	O
version	O
Ecma	O
International	O
Standard	O
ECMA-388	B-Device
—	O
Open	B-Device
XML	I-Device
Paper	I-Device
Specification	I-Device
—	O
1st	O
Edition	O
ISO	O
32000-2:2017	O
—	O
Document	O
management	O
—	O
Portable	B-Application
document	I-Application
format	I-Application
—	O
Part	O
2	O
:	O
PDF	B-Application
2.0	O
Language	O
type	O
Markup	O
language	O
(	O
XML	B-Protocol
)	O
PDF	B-Application
is	O
a	O
database	O
of	O
objects	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
created	O
from	O
PostScript	B-Language
or	O
generated	O
directly	O
by	O
an	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
and	O
later	O
supports	O
both	O
creating	O
and	O
viewing	O
XPS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
printing	O
architecture	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
uses	O
XPS	B-Application
as	O
the	O
spooler	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apps	O
can	O
create	O
XPS	B-Application
documents	O
by	O
printing	O
to	O
XPS	B-Application
Document	O
Writer	O
,	O
a	O
virtual	B-Application
printer	I-Application
that	O
comes	O
bundled	O
with	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
files	O
open	O
in	O
XPS	B-Application
Viewer	O
,	O
an	O
optional	O
component	O
that	O
comes	O
with	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
,	O
XPS	B-Application
is	O
hosted	O
within	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
,	O
but	O
in	O
subsequent	O
versions	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
standalone	O
app	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Application
8	I-Application
also	O
comes	O
with	O
an	O
app	O
called	O
"	O
Reader	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
reads	O
XPS	B-Application
and	O
PDF	B-Application
files	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
.NET	O
Framework	O
3.0	O
installer	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	I-Application
also	O
adds	O
the	O
IE-hosted	O
XPS	B-Application
Viewer	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
XPS	B-Application
Document	O
Writer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
then	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
released	O
the	O
XPS	B-Application
Essentials	O
Pack	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	I-Application
,	O
Server	B-Application
2003	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Vista	B-Application
,	O
which	O
includes	O
the	O
standalone	O
viewer	O
,	O
an	O
IFilter	B-Library
plug-in	O
that	O
helps	O
Windows	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
Search	I-Application
index	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
XPS	B-Application
files	O
,	O
and	O
another	O
plug-in	O
for	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Explorer	I-Protocol
to	O
help	O
generate	O
thumbnails	O
for	O
XPS	B-Application
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Installing	O
this	O
pack	O
enables	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
prior	O
to	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
to	O
use	O
the	O
XPS	B-Application
print	O
spooler	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
older	O
GDI-based	O
spooler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XPS	B-Application
print	O
spooler	O
can	O
produce	O
better	O
quality	O
prints	O
for	O
printers	O
that	O
directly	O
consume	O
the	O
XPS	B-Application
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Name	O
Platform	O
Function	O
Evince	B-Language
Linux	B-Application
A	O
document	O
viewer	O
for	O
multiple	O
document	O
format	O
;	O
can	O
display	O
XPS	B-Application
documents	O
thanks	O
to	O
libgxps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MuPDF	B-Language
Linux	B-Application
,	O
Windows	O
,	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
iOS	B-Application
A	O
lightweight	O
PDF	B-Application
,	O
XPS	B-Application
and	O
OpenXPS	B-Device
viewer	O
;	O
licensed	O
under	O
the	O
terms	O
of	O
AGPL	B-Application
v3	I-Application
Harlequin	B-Language
RIP	I-Language
Windows	O
,	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
ThreadX	B-Operating_System
Renders	O
XPS	B-Application
files	O
for	O
print	O
or	O
display	O
;	O
used	O
in	O
desktop	O
printers	O
,	O
digital	O
production	O
presses	O
,	O
prepress	O
and	O
software	O
Okular	B-Language
Linux	B-Application
,	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
Windows	O
,	O
Solaris	B-Application
The	O
document	O
viewer	O
of	O
the	O
KDE	B-Application
project	O
;	O
can	O
display	O
XPS	B-Application
documents	O
STDU	B-Language
Viewer	I-Language
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
Can	O
display	O
XPS	B-Application
documents	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
other	O
electronic	O
document	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sumatra	B-Language
PDF	I-Language
Windows	O
Can	O
display	O
XPS	B-Application
documents	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
formats	O
,	O
since	O
version	O
1.5	O
,	O
thanks	O
to	O
MuPDF	B-Language
Xara	B-Application
Designer	I-Application
Pro	I-Application
Windows	O
Vector	O
graphics	O
app	O
with	O
XPS	B-Application
support	O
XPS	B-Application
Annotator	I-Application
Windows	O
Standalone	O
XPS	B-Application
viewer	O
which	O
can	O
digitally	O
sign	O
and	O
annotate	O
XPS	B-Application
documents	O
,	O
and	O
convert	O
XPS	B-Application
documents	O
to	O
common	O
picture	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XPS	B-Application
had	O
the	O
support	O
of	O
printing	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
Konica	O
Minolta	O
,	O
Sharp	O
,	O
Canon	O
,	O
Epson	O
,	O
Hewlett-Packard	O
,	O
and	O
Xerox	O
and	O
software	O
and	O
hardware	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
CSR	O
(	O
formerly	O
Zoran	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Global	O
Graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Native	O
XPS	B-Application
printers	O
were	O
introduced	O
by	O
Canon	O
,	O
Konica	O
Minolta	O
,	O
Toshiba	O
,	O
and	O
Xerox	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Devices	O
at	O
the	O
Certified	O
for	O
Windows	O
level	O
of	O
Windows	O
Logo	O
conformance	O
certification	O
were	O
required	O
to	O
have	O
XPS	B-Application
drivers	O
for	O
printing	O
since	O
1	O
June	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
released	O
XPS	B-Application
under	O
a	O
royalty-free	O
patent	O
license	O
called	O
the	O
Community	O
Promise	O
for	O
XPS	B-Application
,	O
allowing	O
users	O
to	O
create	O
implementations	O
of	O
the	O
specification	O
that	O
read	O
,	O
write	O
and	O
render	O
XPS	B-Application
files	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
they	O
included	O
a	O
notice	O
within	O
the	O
source	O
that	O
technologies	O
implemented	O
may	O
be	O
encumbered	O
by	O
patents	O
held	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
also	O
required	O
that	O
organizations	O
"	O
engaged	O
in	O
the	O
business	O
of	O
developing	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
scanners	O
that	O
output	O
XPS	B-Application
Documents	O
;	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
printers	O
that	O
consume	O
XPS	B-Application
Documents	O
to	O
produce	O
hard-copy	O
output	O
;	O
or	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
print	O
driver	O
or	O
raster	O
image	O
software	O
products	O
or	O
components	O
thereof	O
that	O
convert	O
XPS	B-Application
Documents	O
for	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
producing	O
hard-copy	O
output	O
,	O
 [ ... ] 	O
will	O
not	O
sue	O
Microsoft	O
or	O
any	O
of	O
its	O
licensees	O
under	O
the	O
XML	B-Device
Paper	I-Device
Specification	I-Device
or	O
customers	O
for	O
infringement	O
of	O
any	O
XML	B-Device
Paper	I-Device
Specification	I-Device
Derived	O
Patents	O
(	O
as	O
defined	O
below	O
)	O
on	O
account	O
of	O
any	O
manufacture	O
,	O
use	O
,	O
sale	O
,	O
offer	O
for	O
sale	O
,	O
importation	O
or	O
other	O
disposition	O
or	O
promotion	O
of	O
any	O
XML	B-Device
Paper	I-Device
Specification	I-Device
implementations.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
13	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
Monotype	O
Imaging	O
announced	O
it	O
had	O
licensed	O
its	O
XPS-to-PCL	O
6	O
and	O
XPS-to-PostScript	O
vector	O
conversion	O
filters	O
to	O
Microsoft	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
next	O
version	O
of	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2003	O
,	O
Global	O
Graphics	O
was	O
chosen	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
to	O
provide	O
consultancy	O
and	O
proof	O
of	O
concept	O
development	O
services	O
on	O
XPS	B-Application
and	O
worked	O
with	O
the	O
Windows	O
development	O
teams	O
on	O
the	O
specification	O
and	O
reference	O
architecture	O
for	O
the	O
new	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
submitted	O
the	O
XPS	B-Application
specification	O
to	O
Ecma	O
International	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2007	O
Ecma	O
International	O
Technical	O
Committee	O
46	O
(	O
TC46	O
)	O
was	O
set	O
up	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
standard	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Open	B-Device
XML	I-Device
Paper	I-Device
Specification	I-Device
(	O
OpenXPS	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
97th	O
General	O
Assembly	O
held	O
in	O
Budapest	O
,	O
June	O
16	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
Ecma	O
International	O
approved	O
Open	B-Device
XML	I-Device
Paper	I-Device
Specification	I-Device
(	O
OpenXPS	B-Device
)	O
as	O
an	O
Ecma	O
standard	O
(	O
ECMA-388	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
