<s>
The	O
Open	B-General_Concept
NAND	I-General_Concept
Flash	I-General_Concept
Interface	I-General_Concept
Working	I-General_Concept
Group	I-General_Concept
(	O
ONFI	B-General_Concept
or	O
ONFi	B-General_Concept
with	O
a	O
lower	O
case	O
"	O
i	O
"	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
consortium	B-Application
of	O
technology	O
companies	O
working	O
to	O
develop	O
open	O
standards	O
for	O
NAND	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
and	O
devices	O
that	O
communicate	O
with	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
formation	O
of	O
ONFI	B-General_Concept
was	O
announced	O
at	O
the	O
Intel	O
Developer	O
Forum	O
in	O
March	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
group	O
's	O
goals	O
did	O
not	O
include	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
consumer	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
card	I-Device
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rather	O
,	O
ONFI	B-General_Concept
seeks	O
to	O
standardize	O
the	O
low-level	O
interface	O
to	O
raw	O
NAND	O
flash	B-Device
chips	I-Device
,	O
which	O
are	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
form	O
of	O
non-volatile	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
integrated	O
circuits	O
(	O
chips	O
)	O
;	O
in	O
2006	O
,	O
nearly	O
one	O
trillion	O
MiB	O
of	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
was	O
incorporated	O
into	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
,	O
and	O
production	O
was	O
expected	O
to	O
double	O
by	O
2007	O
.	O
,	O
NAND	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
chips	O
from	O
most	O
vendors	O
used	O
similar	O
packaging	O
,	O
had	O
similar	O
pinouts	B-Application
,	O
and	O
accepted	O
similar	O
sets	O
of	O
low-level	O
commands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
"	O
similar	O
"	O
operation	O
is	O
not	O
optimal	O
:	O
subtle	O
differences	O
in	O
timing	O
and	O
command	O
set	O
mean	O
that	O
products	O
must	O
be	O
thoroughly	O
debugged	O
and	O
tested	O
when	O
a	O
new	O
model	O
of	O
flash	B-Device
chip	I-Device
is	O
used	O
in	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
a	O
flash	B-Device
controller	I-Device
is	O
expected	O
to	O
operate	O
with	O
various	O
NAND	O
flash	B-Device
chips	I-Device
,	O
it	O
must	O
store	O
a	O
table	O
of	O
them	O
in	O
its	O
firmware	B-Application
so	O
that	O
it	O
knows	O
how	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
differences	O
in	O
their	O
interfaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
increases	O
the	O
complexity	O
and	O
time-to-market	O
of	O
flash-based	O
devices	O
,	O
and	O
means	O
they	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
incompatible	O
with	O
future	O
models	O
of	O
NAND	O
flash	O
,	O
unless	O
and	O
until	O
their	O
firmware	B-Application
is	O
updated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2006	O
,	O
NAND	O
flash	O
became	O
increasingly	O
a	O
commodity	O
product	O
,	O
like	O
SDRAM	O
or	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drives	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
incorporated	O
into	O
many	O
personal	B-Device
computer	I-Device
and	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
products	O
such	O
as	O
USB	O
flash	O
drives	O
,	O
MP3	O
players	O
,	O
and	O
solid-state	B-Device
drives	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Product	O
designers	O
wanted	O
newer	O
NAND	O
flash	B-Device
chips	I-Device
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
as	O
easily	O
interchangeable	O
as	O
hard	B-Device
disks	I-Device
from	O
different	O
manufacturers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
7400	O
series	O
of	O
TTL	B-General_Concept
digital	O
integrated	O
circuits	O
were	O
originally	O
produced	O
by	O
Texas	O
Instruments	O
,	O
but	O
had	O
become	O
a	O
de	O
facto	O
standard	O
family	O
by	O
the	O
late	O
1970s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
has	O
allowed	O
designers	O
to	O
freely	O
mix	O
7400	O
components	O
from	O
different	O
vendorsand	O
even	O
to	O
mix	O
components	O
based	O
on	O
different	O
logic	B-General_Concept
families	I-General_Concept
,	O
once	O
the	O
74HCT	O
sub-family	O
become	O
available	O
(	O
consisting	O
of	O
CMOS	B-Device
components	O
with	O
TTL-compatible	O
logic	O
levels	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ONFI	B-General_Concept
consortium	B-Application
included	O
manufacturers	O
of	O
NAND	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
such	O
as	O
Hynix	O
,	O
Intel	O
,	O
Micron	O
Technology	O
,	O
Phison	O
,	O
Western	O
Digital	O
,	O
Sony	O
and	O
Spansion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	B-Application
,	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
largest	O
manufacturer	O
of	O
NAND	O
flash	O
,	O
was	O
absent	O
in	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ONFI	B-General_Concept
produced	O
specifications	B-Application
for	O
standard	O
interface	O
to	O
NAND	O
flash	B-Device
chips	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
1.0	O
of	O
this	O
specification	B-Application
was	O
released	O
on	O
December	O
28	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
and	O
made	O
available	O
at	O
no	O
cost	O
from	O
the	O
ONFI	B-General_Concept
web	O
site	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	B-Application
was	O
still	O
not	O
a	O
participant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
3.1	O
,	O
published	O
in	O
october	O
of	O
2012	O
,	O
includes	O
errata	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
ONFI	B-General_Concept
3.0	O
specification	B-Application
,	O
adds	O
LUN	O
SET/GET	O
Features	O
commands	O
,	O
and	O
implements	O
additional	O
data	O
setup	O
and	O
hold	O
values	O
for	O
NV-DDR2	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
better	O
signaling	O
performance	O
,	O
ONFI	B-General_Concept
4.1	O
adds	O
Duty	O
Cycle	O
Correction	O
(	O
DCC	O
)	O
,	O
Read	O
and	O
Write	O
Training	O
for	O
speeds	O
greater	O
than	O
800MT/s	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
lower	O
pin	O
cap	O
devices	O
with	O
37.5	O
Ohms	O
default	O
output	O
resistance	O
,	O
and	O
devices	O
which	O
require	O
data	O
burst	O
exit	O
and	O
restart	O
for	O
long	O
data	O
input	O
and	O
output	O
pauses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ONFI	B-General_Concept
4.1	O
also	O
includes	O
errata	O
to	O
the	O
ONFI	B-General_Concept
4.0	O
specification	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BGA-252b	O
four	O
channel	O
package	B-Algorithm
is	O
introduced	O
which	O
has	O
a	O
smaller	O
footprint	O
than	O
the	O
existing	O
BGA-272b	O
four	O
channel	O
package	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
smaller	O
footprint	O
BGA-178b	O
,	O
BGA-154b	O
and	O
BGA-146b	O
packages	O
are	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ONFI5.0	O
also	O
includes	O
other	O
errata	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
ONFI4.2	O
specification	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
ONFI	B-General_Concept
created	O
the	O
Block	O
Abstracted	O
NAND	O
addendum	O
specification	B-Application
to	O
simplify	O
host	O
controller	O
design	O
by	O
relieving	O
the	O
host	O
of	O
the	O
complexities	O
of	O
ECC	O
,	O
bad	O
block	O
management	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
low-level	O
NAND	O
management	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ONFI	B-General_Concept
Block	O
Abstracted	O
NAND	O
revision	O
1.1	O
specification	B-Application
adds	O
the	O
high	O
speed	O
source	O
synchronous	O
interface	O
,	O
which	O
provides	O
up	O
to	O
a	O
5X	O
improvement	O
in	O
bandwidth	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
traditional	O
asynchronous	O
NAND	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NAND	O
Connector	O
Specification	B-Application
was	O
ratified	O
in	O
April	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
specifies	O
a	O
standardized	O
connection	O
for	O
NAND	O
modules	O
(	O
similar	O
to	O
DRAM	O
DIMMs	O
)	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
applications	O
like	O
caching	B-General_Concept
and	O
solid-state	B-Device
drives	I-Device
(	O
SSDs	B-Device
)	O
in	O
PC	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
