<s>
OpenSocial	B-Application
is	O
a	O
public	O
specification	O
that	O
defines	O
a	O
component	O
hosting	O
environment	O
(	O
container	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
common	O
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
(	O
APIs	B-Application
)	O
for	O
web	B-Application
applications	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
designed	O
for	O
social	O
network	O
applications	O
and	O
developed	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
along	O
with	O
MySpace	B-Application
and	O
several	O
other	O
social	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Recently	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
adopted	O
as	O
a	O
general	O
use	O
runtime	B-Device
environment	I-Device
for	O
allowing	O
untrusted	O
and	O
partially	O
trusted	O
components	O
from	O
third	O
parties	O
to	O
run	O
in	O
an	O
existing	O
web	B-Application
application	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
Foundation	I-Application
moved	O
to	O
integrate	O
or	O
support	O
numerous	O
other	O
Open	O
Web	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
includes	O
OAuth	O
and	O
OAuth	O
2.0	O
,	O
Activity	B-Application
Streams	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Portable	B-Application
Contacts	I-Application
,	O
among	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	O
implementing	O
the	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
APIs	B-Application
are	O
interoperable	O
with	O
any	O
social	O
network	O
system	O
that	O
supports	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
launch	O
,	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
took	O
a	O
one-size-fits-all	O
approach	O
to	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
it	O
became	O
more	O
robust	O
and	O
the	O
user-base	O
expanded	O
,	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
modularized	O
the	O
platform	O
to	O
allow	O
developers	O
to	O
only	O
include	O
the	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
platform	O
it	O
needed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
16	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
W3C	O
issued	O
a	O
press	O
release	O
,	O
"	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
Foundation	I-Application
Moving	O
Standards	O
Work	O
to	O
W3C	O
Social	O
Web	O
Activity	O
"	O
,	O
stating	O
that	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
would	O
no	O
longer	O
exist	O
as	O
a	O
separate	O
entity	O
,	O
and	O
encouraging	O
the	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
community	O
to	O
continue	O
development	O
work	O
through	O
the	O
W3C	O
Social	O
Web	O
Activity	O
in	O
the	O
Social	O
Web	O
Working	O
Group	O
and	O
Social	O
Interest	O
Group	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
Foundation	I-Application
stated	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
community	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
better	O
chance	O
of	O
realizing	O
an	O
open	B-Application
social	I-Application
web	O
through	O
discussions	O
at	O
a	O
single	O
organization	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
Foundation	I-Application
board	O
believes	O
that	O
working	O
as	O
an	O
integrated	O
part	O
of	O
W3C	O
will	O
help	O
reach	O
more	O
communities	O
that	O
will	O
benefit	O
from	O
open	B-Application
social	I-Application
standards.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Based	O
on	O
HTML	B-Language
and	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Gadgets	O
framework	O
,	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
includes	O
multiple	O
APIs	B-Application
for	O
social	O
software	O
applications	O
to	O
access	O
data	O
and	O
core	O
functions	O
on	O
participating	O
social	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
API	B-Application
addresses	O
a	O
different	O
aspect	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
includes	O
APIs	B-Application
for	O
contacting	O
arbitrary	O
thirthird-partyvices	O
on	O
the	O
web	O
using	O
a	O
proxy	B-Application
system	O
and	O
OAuth	O
for	O
security	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
version	O
0.9	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
added	O
support	O
for	O
a	O
tag-based	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
language	O
is	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
OSML	O
and	O
allows	O
tag-based	O
access	O
to	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
APIs	B-Application
that	O
previously	O
required	O
an	O
asynchronous	O
client-side	O
request	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
defined	O
a	O
rich	O
tag	O
template	O
system	O
and	O
adopted	O
an	O
expression	B-Language
language	I-Language
loosely	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
Expression	B-Language
Language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
in	O
version	O
2.0	O
,	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
adopted	O
support	O
for	O
Activity	B-Application
Streams	I-Application
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenSocial	B-Application
is	O
commonly	O
described	O
as	O
a	O
more	O
open	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
alternative	O
to	O
the	B-Application
Facebook	I-Application
Platform	O
,	O
a	O
proprietary	O
service	O
of	O
the	O
popular	O
social	O
network	O
service	O
Facebook	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
OpenSocial	B-Application
was	O
rumored	O
to	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
larger	O
social	O
networking	O
initiative	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
code-named	O
"	O
Maka-Maka	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
defined	O
as	O
meaning	O
"	O
intimate	O
friend	O
with	O
whom	O
one	O
is	O
on	O
terms	O
of	O
receiving	O
and	O
giving	O
freely	O
"	O
in	O
Hawaiian	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
open-source	B-Application
project	O
,	O
Shindig	B-Protocol
,	O
was	O
launched	O
in	O
December	O
2007	O
,	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
reference	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
the	O
support	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
Ning	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
companies	O
developing	O
OpenSocial-related	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Myspace	B-Application
OpenSocial	B-Application
parser	O
was	O
released	O
as	O
project	O
Negroni	O
in	O
January	O
2011	O
and	O
provides	O
a	O
C#	B-Application
based	O
implementation	O
of	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apache	O
Rave	O
is	O
a	O
lightweight	O
and	O
open-standards	O
based	O
extensible	O
platform	O
for	O
using	O
,	O
integrating	O
and	O
hosting	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
and	O
W3C	O
Widget	O
related	O
features	O
,	O
technologies	O
and	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
Shindig	B-Protocol
and	O
Apache	O
Rave	O
are	O
no	O
longer	O
in	O
development	O
and	O
have	O
been	O
retired	O
by	O
the	O
Apache	O
foundation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Enterprise	O
websites	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Friendster	O
,	O
hi5	O
,	O
LinkedIn	B-Application
,	O
MySpace	B-Application
,	O
Orkut	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Salesforce.com	B-Application
are	O
major	O
users	O
of	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Friendster	O
has	O
deployed	O
APIs	B-Application
from	O
version	O
0.7	O
of	O
the	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
specification	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
easy	O
for	O
existing	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
applications	O
using	O
version	O
0.7	O
to	O
be	O
launched	O
on	O
Friendster	O
and	O
reach	O
Friendster	O
over	O
75	O
million	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Friendster	O
also	O
plans	O
to	O
support	O
additional	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
APIs	B-Application
in	O
the	O
coming	O
months	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
new	O
0.8	O
APIs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
hi5	O
taps	O
Widgetbox	O
's	O
support	O
for	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
to	O
get	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
choice	O
of	O
web	O
widgets	O
Widgetbox	O
provides	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Myspace	B-Application
Developer	O
Platform	O
(	O
MDP	O
)	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
an	O
answer	O
to	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
developer	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initial	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
support	O
experienced	O
vulnerabilities	O
in	O
security	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
self-described	O
amateur	O
developer	O
demonstrating	O
exploits	O
of	O
the	O
RockYou	O
gadget	O
on	O
Plaxo	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
Ning	O
social	O
networks	O
using	O
the	O
iLike	O
gadget	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
reported	O
by	O
TechCrunch	O
on	O
November	O
5	O
,	O
2007	O
,	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
was	O
quickly	O
cracked	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
total	O
time	O
to	O
crack	O
the	O
OpenSocial-based	O
iLike	O
on	O
Ning	O
was	O
just	O
20	O
minutes	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
attacker	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
add	O
and	O
remove	O
songs	O
on	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
playlist	O
and	O
access	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
friend	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Häsel	O
and	O
Iacono	O
showed	O
that	O
“	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
specification	O
were	O
far	O
from	O
being	O
comprehensive	O
in	O
respect	O
to	O
security	O
”	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
discussed	O
different	O
security	O
implications	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Opened	O
to	O
much	O
fanfare	O
in	O
news	O
coverage	O
,	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
did	O
not	O
work	O
well	O
in	O
the	O
beginning	O
;	O
it	O
only	O
ran	O
on	O
Google-owned	O
Orkut	B-Application
,	O
and	O
only	O
with	O
a	O
limited	O
number	O
of	O
gadgets	O
,	O
returning	O
errors	O
for	O
other	O
gadgets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Changes	O
to	O
the	O
REST	B-Protocol
API	I-Protocol
were	O
made	O
to	O
address	O
several	O
issues	O
that	O
required	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
specifications	O
so	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
Open	O
Mobile	O
Alliance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
new	O
Metadata	O
API	B-Application
gives	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
applications	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
adapt	O
to	O
the	O
capabilities	O
of	O
different	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
containers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
WAP	B-Protocol
authentication	O
extension	O
was	O
deprecated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OAuth	O
2.0	O
support	O
was	O
finalized	O
in	O
this	O
version	O
of	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenSocial	B-Application
introduced	O
support	O
for	O
Activity	B-Application
Streams	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
JSON	B-General_Concept
had	O
emerged	O
as	O
the	O
preferred	O
data	O
format	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
ATOM	B-Language
was	O
deprecated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
to	O
enterprise	O
environment	O
needs	O
,	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
added	O
support	O
for	O
advanced	O
mashup	O
scenarios	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenSocial	B-Application
acknowledged	O
that	O
the	O
"	O
one-size-fits-all	O
"	O
approach	O
it	O
was	O
taking	O
was	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
work	O
for	O
the	O
diverse	O
type	O
of	O
websites	O
that	O
had	O
adopted	O
the	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
address	O
this	O
issue	O
,	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
modularized	O
into	O
four	O
compliance	O
modules	O
:	O
Core	O
API	B-Application
Server	O
,	O
Core	O
Gadget	O
Server	O
,	O
Social	O
API	B-Application
Server	O
,	O
and	O
Social	O
Gadget	O
Server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allowed	O
a	O
developer	O
to	O
pick	O
and	O
choose	O
the	O
modules	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
use	O
while	O
using	O
other	O
services	O
that	O
are	O
n't	O
part	O
of	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Extensions	O
were	O
introduced	O
to	O
allow	O
developers	O
to	O
extend	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
containers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
to	O
feedback	O
and	O
observation	O
of	O
how	O
developers	O
were	O
using	O
the	O
API	B-Application
,	O
this	O
version	O
focused	O
on	O
making	O
"	O
application	O
development	O
,	O
testing	O
,	O
and	O
deployment	O
easier	O
and	O
faster	O
,	O
while	O
reducing	O
the	O
learning	O
curve	O
for	O
new	O
app	O
developers.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
Javascript	B-Language
API	B-Application
was	O
streamlined	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
lightweight	O
while	O
retaining	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
Javascript	B-Language
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
to	O
a	O
common	O
use	O
of	O
sending	O
data	O
to	O
a	O
remote	O
server	O
immediately	O
after	O
a	O
request	O
,	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
0.9.0	O
introduced	O
data	O
pipelining	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenSocial	B-Application
Templates	O
were	O
introduced	O
to	O
create	O
data-driven	O
UI	O
with	O
a	O
separation	O
of	O
markup	O
and	O
programmatic	O
logic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenSocial	B-Application
Markup	O
Language	O
(	O
OSML	O
Markup	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
set	O
of	O
standardized	O
tags	O
to	O
accomplish	O
common	O
tasks	O
or	O
safely	O
perform	O
normally	O
unsafe	O
operations	O
within	O
templates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
minor	O
release	O
placed	O
a	O
major	O
focus	O
on	O
server-to-server	O
protocols	O
as	O
"	O
the	O
Person	O
schema	O
has	O
been	O
aligned	O
with	O
the	O
Portable	B-Application
Contacts	I-Application
effort	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
optional	O
RPC	O
proposal	O
has	O
been	O
added.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
JSON-RPC	B-General_Concept
protocol	O
was	O
added	O
to	O
increase	O
server	O
to	O
server	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
RESTful	B-Protocol
protocol	O
that	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
v0.8.0	O
underwent	O
a	O
large	O
revision	O
with	O
several	O
fields	O
being	O
added	O
,	O
modified	O
,	O
and	O
deleted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenSocial	B-Application
changed	O
specifications	O
for	O
containers	O
to	O
implement	O
a	O
RESTful	B-Protocol
API	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
of	O
the	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
Javascript	B-Language
API	B-Application
changes	O
made	O
this	O
version	O
incompatible	O
with	O
previous	O
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Security	O
improved	O
with	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
OAuth	O
authorization	O
and	O
HTML	B-Language
sanitation	O
,	O
and	O
container	O
lifecycle	O
events	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Persistence	O
data	O
was	O
stored	O
in	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
added	O
several	O
standard	O
fields	O
for	O
profile	O
information	O
,	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
send	O
a	O
message	O
to	O
install	O
an	O
application	O
,	O
an	O
Activity	O
template	O
to	O
control	O
activity	O
notifications	O
about	O
what	O
users	O
have	O
been	O
doing	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
simplified	O
persistence	O
API	B-Application
to	O
use	O
feeds	O
instead	O
of	O
global	O
and	O
instance-scoped	O
application	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
major	O
announcement	O
came	O
from	O
Apache	B-Protocol
Shindig	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apache	B-Protocol
Shindig	I-Protocol
made	O
gadgets	O
open	O
sourced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
coordination	O
with	O
this	O
announcement	O
,	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
0.7.0	O
introduced	O
Gadget	O
Specifications	O
for	O
developers	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
define	O
their	O
gadgets	O
using	O
the	O
Gadget	O
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
announced	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
with	O
a	O
pre-release	O
of	O
version	O
0.5.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
unstable	O
,	O
this	O
API	B-Application
introduced	O
"	O
various	O
XML	O
DTDs	O
,	O
Javascript	B-Language
interfaces	O
and	O
other	O
data	O
structures	O
"	O
to	O
the	O
OpenSocial	B-Application
platform	O
.	O
</s>
