<s>
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
family	O
of	O
containerization	B-Application
software	I-Application
products	O
developed	O
by	O
Red	O
Hat	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
flagship	O
product	O
is	O
the	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
Container	B-Application
Platform	O
—	O
a	O
hybrid	O
cloud	O
platform	B-Application
as	I-Application
a	I-Application
service	I-Application
built	O
around	O
Linux	B-Application
containers	I-Application
orchestrated	O
and	O
managed	O
by	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
on	O
a	O
foundation	O
of	O
Red	O
Hat	O
Enterprise	O
Linux	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
family	O
's	O
other	O
products	O
provide	O
this	O
platform	O
through	O
different	O
environments	O
:	O
OKD	O
serves	O
as	O
the	O
community-driven	O
upstream	B-General_Concept
(	O
akin	O
to	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
Fedora	O
is	O
upstream	B-General_Concept
of	O
Red	O
Hat	O
Enterprise	O
Linux	O
)	O
,	O
Several	O
deployment	O
methods	O
are	O
available	O
including	O
self-managed	O
,	O
cloud	O
native	O
under	O
ROSA	O
(	O
Red	B-General_Concept
Hat	I-General_Concept
OpenShift	I-General_Concept
Service	O
on	O
AWS	B-Application
)	O
,	O
ARO	O
(	O
Azure	O
Red	B-General_Concept
Hat	I-General_Concept
OpenShift	I-General_Concept
)	O
and	O
RHOIC	O
(	O
Red	B-General_Concept
Hat	I-General_Concept
OpenShift	I-General_Concept
on	O
IBM	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
)	O
on	O
AWS	B-Application
,	O
Azure	O
,	O
and	O
IBM	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
respectively	O
,	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
Online	O
as	O
software	B-Architecture
as	I-Architecture
a	I-Architecture
service	I-Architecture
,	O
and	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
Dedicated	O
as	O
a	O
managed	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
Console	O
has	O
developer	O
and	O
administrator	O
oriented	O
views	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Administrator	O
views	O
allow	O
one	O
to	O
monitor	O
container	B-Application
resources	O
and	O
container	B-Application
health	O
,	O
manage	O
users	O
,	O
work	O
with	O
operators	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
also	O
provides	O
a	O
CLI	O
that	O
supports	O
a	O
superset	O
of	O
the	O
actions	O
that	O
the	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
CLI	O
provides	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
originally	O
came	O
from	O
Red	O
Hat	O
's	O
acquisition	O
of	O
Makara	O
,	O
a	O
company	O
marketing	O
a	O
platform	B-Application
as	I-Application
a	I-Application
service	I-Application
(	O
PaaS	B-Application
)	O
based	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
containers	I-Application
,	O
in	O
November	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
was	O
announced	O
in	O
May	O
2011	O
as	O
proprietary	O
technology	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
become	O
open-source	O
until	O
May	O
of	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Up	O
until	O
v3	O
,	O
the	O
container	B-Application
technology	O
and	O
container	B-Application
orchestration	O
technology	O
used	O
custom	O
developed	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
changed	O
in	O
v3	O
with	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
Docker	B-Language
as	O
the	O
container	B-Application
technology	O
,	O
and	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
as	O
the	O
container	B-Application
orchestration	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
v4	O
product	O
has	O
many	O
other	O
architectural	O
changes	O
-	O
a	O
prominent	O
one	O
being	O
a	O
shift	O
to	O
using	O
CRI-O	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
container	B-Application
runtime	O
(	O
and	O
Podman	O
for	O
interacting	O
with	O
pods	O
and	O
containers	B-Application
)	O
,	O
and	O
Buildah	O
as	O
the	O
container	B-Application
build	O
tool	O
,	O
thus	O
breaking	O
the	O
exclusive	O
dependency	O
on	O
Docker	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
difference	O
between	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
and	O
vanilla	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
build-related	O
artifacts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
,	O
such	O
artifacts	O
are	O
considered	O
first	O
class	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
resources	O
upon	O
which	O
standard	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
operations	O
can	O
apply	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
's	O
client	O
program	O
,	O
"	O
oc	O
"	O
,	O
offers	O
a	O
superset	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
capabilities	O
bundled	O
in	O
the	O
mainline	O
"	O
kubectl	O
"	O
client	O
program	O
of	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
this	O
,	O
an	O
OpenShift-native	O
pod	O
builds	O
technology	O
called	O
Source-to-Image	O
(	O
S2I	O
)	O
is	O
available	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
box	O
,	O
though	O
this	O
is	O
slowly	O
being	O
phased	O
out	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
Tekton	O
—	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
cloud	O
native	O
way	O
of	O
building	O
and	O
deploying	O
to	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
platform	O
,	O
this	O
provides	O
capabilities	O
equivalent	O
to	O
what	O
Jenkins	B-Language
can	O
do	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
other	O
differences	O
when	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
is	O
compared	O
to	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
v4	O
product	O
line	O
uses	O
the	O
CRI-O	O
runtime	O
-	O
which	O
means	O
that	O
docker	B-Language
daemons	O
are	O
not	O
present	O
on	O
the	O
master	O
or	O
worker	O
nodes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
out-of-the-box	O
install	O
of	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
comes	O
with	O
an	O
image	O
repository	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ImageStreams	O
(	O
a	O
sequence	O
of	O
pointers	O
to	O
images	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
deployments	O
)	O
and	O
Templates	O
(	O
a	O
packaging	O
mechanism	O
for	O
application	O
components	O
)	O
are	O
unique	O
to	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
and	O
simplify	O
application	O
deployment	O
and	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
terms	O
of	O
platforms	O
,	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
used	O
to	O
be	O
limited	O
to	O
Red	O
Hat	O
’s	O
own	O
offerings	O
but	O
by	O
2020	O
supports	O
others	O
like	O
AWS	B-Application
,	O
IBM	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
,	O
vSphere	O
,	O
and	O
bare	O
metal	O
deployments	O
with	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
’s	O
implementation	O
of	O
Deployment	O
,	O
called	O
DeploymentConfig	O
is	O
logic-based	O
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
 '	O
controller-based	O
Deployment	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
v4.5	O
,	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
is	O
steering	O
more	O
towards	O
Deployments	O
by	O
changing	O
the	O
default	O
behavior	O
of	O
its	O
CLI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
web	O
GUI	O
where	O
users	O
can	O
browse	O
and	O
install	O
a	O
library	O
of	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
Operators	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
packaged	O
for	O
easy	O
lifecycle	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
v4	O
tightly	O
controls	O
the	O
operating	O
systems	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
introduced	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
routes	O
-	O
points	O
of	O
traffic	O
ingress	O
into	O
the	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
cluster	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
ingress	O
concept	O
was	O
modeled	O
after	O
this	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
includes	O
other	O
software	O
such	O
as	O
application	O
runtimes	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
infrastructure	O
components	O
from	O
the	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
ecosystem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Red	O
Hat	O
branding	O
of	O
Istio	O
is	O
called	O
Red	O
Hat	O
Service	O
Mesh	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
an	O
opensource	O
project	O
called	O
Maistra	O
,	O
that	O
aligns	O
base	O
Istio	O
to	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
opensource	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
Container	B-Application
Platform	O
(	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
Enterprise	O
)	O
is	O
Red	O
Hat	O
's	O
on-premises	O
private	O
platform	B-Application
as	I-Application
a	I-Application
service	I-Application
product	O
,	O
built	O
around	O
application	O
containers	B-Application
powered	O
by	O
CRI-O	O
,	O
with	O
orchestration	O
and	O
management	O
provided	O
by	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
,	O
on	O
Red	O
Hat	O
Enterprise	O
Linux	O
and	O
Red	O
Hat	O
Enterprise	O
Linux	O
CoreOS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OKD	O
,	O
known	O
until	O
August	O
2018	O
as	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
Origin	O
(	O
Origin	O
Community	O
Distribution	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
upstream	B-General_Concept
community	O
project	O
used	O
in	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
Online	O
,	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
Dedicated	O
,	O
and	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
Container	B-Application
Platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Built	O
around	O
a	O
core	O
of	O
Docker	B-Language
container	B-Application
packaging	O
and	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
container	B-Application
cluster	O
management	O
,	O
OKD	O
is	O
augmented	O
by	O
application	O
lifecycle	O
management	O
functionality	O
and	O
DevOps	O
tooling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OKD	O
provides	O
an	O
open	O
source	O
application	O
container	B-Application
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
source	O
code	O
for	O
the	O
OKD	O
project	O
is	O
available	O
under	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
(	O
Version	O
2.0	O
)	O
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Red	B-General_Concept
Hat	I-General_Concept
OpenShift	I-General_Concept
Online	O
(	O
RHOO	O
)	O
is	O
Red	O
Hat	O
's	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
application	I-Architecture
development	O
and	O
hosting	O
service	O
which	O
runs	O
on	O
AWS	B-Application
and	O
IBM	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Online	O
offered	O
version	O
2	O
of	O
the	O
OKD	O
project	O
source	O
code	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
also	O
available	O
under	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
Version	O
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developers	O
could	O
add	O
other	O
languages	O
,	O
databases	O
,	O
or	O
components	O
via	O
the	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
Cartridge	O
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
deprecated	O
in	O
favour	O
of	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
3	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
withdrawn	O
on	O
30	O
September	O
2017	O
for	O
non-paying	O
customers	O
and	O
31	O
December	O
2017	O
for	O
paying	O
customers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
3	O
is	O
built	O
around	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
run	O
any	O
Docker-based	O
container	B-Application
,	O
but	O
Openshift	B-General_Concept
Online	O
is	O
limited	O
to	O
running	O
containers	B-Application
that	O
do	O
not	O
require	O
root	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Red	B-General_Concept
Hat	I-General_Concept
OpenShift	I-General_Concept
4	O
for	O
IBM	O
Z	O
and	O
IBM	O
LinuxONE	O
supports	O
on-premise	O
,	O
cloud	O
,	O
and	O
hybrid	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
Dedicated	O
(	O
OSD	O
)	O
is	O
Red	O
Hat	O
's	O
managed	O
private	O
cluster	O
offering	O
,	O
built	O
around	O
a	O
core	O
of	O
application	O
containers	B-Application
powered	O
by	O
Docker	B-Language
,	O
with	O
orchestration	O
and	O
management	O
provided	O
by	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
,	O
on	O
a	O
foundation	O
of	O
Red	O
Hat	O
Enterprise	O
Linux	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
Amazon	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Services	I-Application
(	O
AWS	B-Application
)	O
,	O
IBM	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
,	O
Google	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
Platform	I-General_Concept
(	O
GCP	O
)	O
marketplaces	O
since	O
December	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
managed	O
private	O
cluster	O
offering	O
is	O
also	O
offered	O
on	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Azure	I-Application
under	O
the	O
name	O
Azure	O
Red	B-General_Concept
Hat	I-General_Concept
Openshift	I-General_Concept
(	O
ARO	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
Data	O
Foundation	O
(	O
ODF	O
)	O
provides	O
cloud	O
native	O
storage	O
,	O
data	O
management	O
and	O
data	O
protection	O
for	O
applications	O
running	O
with	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
Container	B-Application
platform	O
in	B-Architecture
the	I-Architecture
cloud	I-Architecture
,	O
on-prem	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
hybrid/multi	O
-cloud	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Red	B-General_Concept
Hat	I-General_Concept
OpenShift	I-General_Concept
Database	O
Access	O
(	O
RHODA	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
capability	O
in	O
managed	O
OpenShift	B-General_Concept
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
environments	O
enabling	O
administrators	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
connections	O
to	O
database-as-a-service	O
offerings	O
from	O
different	O
providers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RHODA	O
is	O
an	O
add-on	O
service	O
to	O
OSD	O
and	O
Red	B-General_Concept
Hat	I-General_Concept
OpenShift	I-General_Concept
Service	O
on	O
AWS	B-Application
(	O
ROSA	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
