<s>
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
(	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open	I-License
source	I-License
RPM-based	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
distribution	I-Application
developed	O
by	O
the	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
initial	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
community	O
project	O
was	O
a	O
beta	O
version	O
of	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
10.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
the	O
project	O
creates	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
tools	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
YaST	B-Device
,	O
Open	B-Application
Build	I-Application
Service	I-Application
,	O
openQA	O
,	O
Snapper	O
,	O
Machinery	O
,	O
Portus	O
,	O
KIWI	B-Application
and	O
OSEM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
the	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
company	O
had	O
focused	O
on	O
releasing	O
the	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Personal	O
and	O
SUSE	B-Operating_System
Linux	I-Operating_System
Professional	I-Operating_System
box	O
sets	O
which	O
included	O
extensive	O
printed	O
documentation	O
that	O
was	O
available	O
for	O
sale	O
in	O
retail	O
stores	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
's	O
ability	O
to	O
sell	O
an	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
product	O
was	O
largely	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
closed-source	O
development	O
process	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
had	O
always	O
been	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
product	O
licensed	O
with	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
(	O
GNU	B-License
GPL	I-License
)	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
only	O
freely	O
possible	O
to	O
retrieve	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
of	O
the	O
next	O
release	O
2	O
months	O
after	O
it	O
was	O
ready	O
for	O
purchase	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
 '	O
strategy	O
was	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
technically	O
superior	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
with	O
the	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
employed	O
engineers	O
,	O
that	O
would	O
make	O
users	O
willing	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
their	O
distribution	O
in	O
retail	O
stores	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
acquisition	O
by	O
Novell	O
in	O
2003	O
and	O
with	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
,	O
this	O
has	O
been	O
reversed	O
:	O
starting	O
with	O
version	O
9.2	O
,	O
an	O
unsupported	O
one-DVD	O
ISO	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
of	O
SUSE	O
Professional	O
was	O
made	O
available	O
for	O
download	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ISO	B-General_Concept
has	O
the	O
advantages	O
of	O
an	O
easy	O
install	O
package	O
,	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
operate	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
network	O
card	O
does	O
not	O
work	O
"	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
box	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
less	O
experience	O
needed	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
an	O
inexperienced	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
user	O
may	O
not	O
know	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
to	O
install	O
a	O
certain	O
package	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
ISO	B-General_Concept
offers	O
several	O
preselected	O
sets	O
of	O
packages	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
initial	O
stable	O
release	O
from	O
the	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Project	O
,	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
10.0	O
,	O
was	O
available	O
for	O
download	O
just	O
before	O
the	O
retail	O
release	O
of	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
10.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
Novell	O
discontinued	O
the	O
Personal	O
version	O
,	O
renaming	O
the	O
Professional	O
version	O
to	O
simply	O
"	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
"	O
,	O
and	O
repricing	O
"	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
"	O
to	O
about	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
old	O
Personal	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2006	O
with	O
version	O
10.2	O
,	O
the	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
was	O
officially	O
renamed	O
to	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
,	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
pronounced	O
similarly	O
to	O
“	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
”	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
late	O
2015	O
,	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
has	O
been	O
split	O
into	O
two	O
main	O
offerings	O
,	O
Leap	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
conservative	O
fixed	O
release	O
Leap	O
distribution	O
based	O
on	O
SLE	O
,	O
and	O
Tumbleweed	B-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
rolling	O
release	O
distribution	O
focused	O
on	O
integrating	O
the	O
latest	O
stable	O
packages	O
from	O
upstream	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Over	O
the	O
years	O
,	O
SuSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
has	O
gone	O
from	O
a	O
status	O
of	O
a	O
distribution	O
with	O
restrictive	O
,	O
delayed	O
publications	O
(	O
2	O
months	O
of	O
waiting	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
had	O
not	O
bought	O
the	O
box	O
,	O
without	O
ISOs	B-General_Concept
available	O
,	O
but	O
installation	O
available	O
via	O
FTP	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
closed	O
development	O
model	O
to	O
a	O
free	O
distribution	O
model	O
with	O
immediate	O
and	O
free	O
availability	O
for	O
all	O
and	O
transparent	O
and	O
open	B-License
development	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Attachmate	O
made	O
no	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
SUSE	O
(	O
formerly	O
Novell	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
2014	O
merger	O
of	O
the	O
Attachmate	O
Group	O
with	O
Micro	O
Focus	O
,	O
SUSE	O
reaffirmed	O
their	O
commitment	O
to	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
no	O
expected	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
SUSE	O
and	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
acquisition	O
is	O
the	O
third	O
acquisition	O
of	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
since	O
the	O
founding	O
of	O
the	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Project	O
and	O
closed	O
on	O
March	O
15	O
,	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Project	O
is	O
a	O
community	O
project	O
to	O
create	O
,	O
promote	O
,	O
improve	O
and	O
document	O
the	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Linux	I-Operating_System
distribution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Project	O
community	O
,	O
sponsored	O
by	O
SUSE	O
,	O
Arm	O
,	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
,	O
develops	O
and	O
maintains	O
various	O
distributions	O
based	O
on	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beyond	O
the	O
distributions	O
and	O
tools	O
,	O
the	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Project	O
provides	O
a	O
web	O
portal	O
for	O
community	O
involvement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
community	O
develops	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
collaboratively	O
with	O
its	O
corporate	O
sponsors	O
through	O
the	O
Open	B-Application
Build	I-Application
Service	I-Application
,	O
,	O
writing	O
documentation	O
,	O
designing	O
artwork	O
,	O
fostering	O
discussions	O
on	O
open	O
mailing	O
lists	O
and	O
in	O
Internet	B-Protocol
Relay	I-Protocol
Chat	I-Protocol
channels	O
,	O
and	O
improving	O
the	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
site	O
through	O
its	O
wiki	B-Protocol
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Project	O
develops	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
and	O
tools	O
and	O
has	O
two	O
main	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	I-Application
named	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Leap	O
and	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Tumbleweed	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
has	O
several	O
distributions	O
for	O
specific	O
purposes	O
like	O
MicroOS	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
an	O
immutable	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
that	O
hosts	O
container	B-Application
workloads	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
certified	O
distribution	O
Kubic	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
multi-purpose	O
standalone	O
and	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
container	B-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
based	O
on	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
MicroOS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
indication	O
that	O
there	O
should	O
be	O
a	O
community-based	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
called	O
OpenSuSE	B-Operating_System
goes	O
back	O
to	O
a	O
mail	O
of	O
August	O
3	O
,	O
2005	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
the	O
website	O
opensuse.org	B-Operating_System
was	O
announced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
its	O
own	O
understanding	O
,	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
community	O
that	O
propagates	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
and	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
wherever	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beside	O
a	O
Linux-based	O
distribution	O
it	O
develops	O
tools	O
like	O
the	O
Open	B-Application
Build	I-Application
Service	I-Application
and	O
YaST	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Project	O
develops	O
the	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Linux	I-Operating_System
distribution	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
tools	O
around	O
building	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	I-Application
like	O
the	O
Open	B-Application
Build	I-Application
Service	I-Application
,	O
KIWI	B-Application
,	O
YaST	B-Device
,	O
openQA	O
,	O
Snapper	O
,	O
Machinery	O
,	O
Portus	O
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
annually	O
hosts	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
events	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
an	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Board	O
which	O
is	O
responsible	O
to	O
lead	O
the	O
overall	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Board	O
provides	O
guidance	O
and	O
supports	O
existing	O
governance	O
structures	O
,	O
but	O
does	O
not	O
direct	O
or	O
control	O
development	O
,	O
since	O
community	O
mechanisms	O
exist	O
to	O
accomplish	O
the	O
goals	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
"	O
do-ocracy	O
"	O
in	O
which	O
those	O
,	O
who	O
do	O
the	O
work	O
,	O
also	O
decide	O
what	O
happens	O
(	O
those	O
who	O
decide	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
further	O
unify	O
the	O
base	O
,	O
the	O
'	O
Closing-the-Leap-Gap	O
'	O
project	O
has	O
been	O
started	O
,	O
where	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Leap	O
15.3	O
will	O
be	O
completely	O
based	O
on	O
SLE	O
's	O
binary	O
packages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Board	O
:	O
the	O
board	O
consists	O
of	O
5	O
members	O
elected	O
for	O
2	O
years	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
,	O
plus	O
the	O
chairman	O
,	O
who	O
is	O
provided	O
by	O
SUSE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Election	O
Officials	O
:	O
The	O
Election	O
Committee	O
manages	O
and	O
supervises	O
the	O
elections	O
to	O
the	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Board	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Membership-Officials	O
decide	O
on	O
the	O
admission	O
of	O
contributors	O
to	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
members	O
upon	O
request	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
member	O
receives	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
things	O
,	O
an	O
@opensuse	O
.org	O
address	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tumbleweed	B-Operating_System
is	O
the	O
flagship	O
of	O
the	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
of	O
classical	O
version	O
numbers	O
and	O
periodic	O
updates	O
,	O
a	O
rolling	O
release	O
system	O
is	O
used	O
:	O
updates	O
happen	O
continuously	O
;	O
previous	O
states	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
are	O
saved	O
as	O
"	O
snapshots	B-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tumbleweed	B-Operating_System
is	O
preferred	O
by	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
users	O
as	O
a	O
desktop	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
old	O
development	O
model	O
,	O
with	O
each	O
new	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
release	O
(	O
13.0	O
,	O
13.1	O
,...	O
)	O
a	O
new	O
rolling	O
release	O
was	O
set-up	O
,	O
which	O
always	O
received	O
new	O
packages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
new	O
release	O
was	O
at	O
the	O
doorstep	O
,	O
and	O
Tumbleweed	B-Operating_System
was	O
reset	O
to	O
that	O
release	O
,	O
most	O
packages	O
were	O
newer	O
than	O
the	O
ones	O
in	O
the	O
release	O
,	O
which	O
led	O
to	O
problems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
switch	O
to	O
Leap	O
,	O
the	O
development	O
model	O
was	O
changed	O
completely	O
:	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
Factory	O
First	O
policy	O
all	O
software	B-Application
packages	I-Application
had	O
to	O
be	O
sent	O
to	O
Factory	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
place	O
,	O
before	O
they	O
could	O
be	O
included	O
in	O
a	O
distribution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Out	O
of	O
Factory	O
a	O
daily	O
snapshot	B-Application
is	O
taken	O
and	O
tested	O
in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
successful	O
test	O
is	O
released	O
as	O
the	O
next	O
Tumbleweed	B-Operating_System
snapshot	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
other	O
rolling	O
release	O
distributions	O
,	O
Tumbleweed	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
tested	O
rolling	O
release	O
,	O
which	O
increases	O
stability	O
dramatically	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Technically	O
Tumbleweed	B-Operating_System
is	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
MicroOS	O
and	O
Kubic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
makes	O
Leap	O
very	O
attractive	O
as	O
a	O
server	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
desktop	B-General_Concept
operating	I-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
since	O
it	O
requires	O
little	O
maintenance	O
effort	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
version	O
released	O
in	O
the	O
fall	O
of	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
development	O
team	O
settled	O
on	O
the	O
name	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Leap	O
with	O
the	O
deviating	O
version	O
number	O
42.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
in	O
the	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
version	O
4.2	O
from	O
May	O
1996	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
called	O
S.u.S.E.	O
</s>
<s>
Linux	B-Operating_System
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
42	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
question	O
about	O
"	O
life	O
,	O
the	O
universe	O
and	O
everything	O
"	O
in	O
the	B-Application
Hitchhiker	I-Application
's	I-Application
Guide	I-Application
to	I-Application
the	I-Application
Galaxy	I-Application
book	O
series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
basis	O
packages	O
are	O
received	O
from	O
the	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Enterprise	O
,	O
while	O
applications	O
and	O
desktops	O
come	O
from	O
Tumbleweed	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
conference	O
held	O
in	O
Nuremberg	O
in	O
2016	O
,	O
statistics	O
were	O
announced	O
that	O
since	O
the	O
conceptual	O
reorientation	O
with	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Leap	O
42.1	O
,	O
increasing	O
user	O
numbers	O
had	O
been	O
recorded	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
downloads	O
is	O
400,000	O
DVD-images	B-General_Concept
per	O
month	O
with	O
an	O
increasing	O
tendency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
number	O
of	O
Tumbleweed	B-Operating_System
users	O
is	O
60	O
,	O
000	O
,	O
half	O
of	O
whom	O
frequently	O
perform	O
updates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
Tumbleweed	B-Operating_System
installations	O
had	O
doubled	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
dominant	O
architecture	O
is	O
x64	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Leap	O
15.3	O
release	O
,	O
the	O
repository	O
for	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Leap	O
and	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Enterprise	O
(	O
SLE	O
)	O
was	O
merged	O
and	O
now	O
contains	O
the	O
same	O
source	O
code	O
and	O
binary	O
packages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MicroOS	O
is	O
an	O
immutable	O
,	O
minimalistic	O
,	O
self-maintained	O
and	O
transactional	O
system	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
primarily	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
exclusively	O
,	O
intended	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
edge	B-Device
computing	I-Device
or	O
as	O
container	B-Application
runtime	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
even	O
use	O
it	O
as	O
desktop	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
MicroOS	O
takes	O
a	O
completely	O
new	O
approach	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
Edge	O
-	O
or	O
Cloud-computing	O
:	O
It	O
minimizes	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
maintenance	O
by	O
running	O
from	O
a	O
read-only	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
which	O
prevents	O
accidental	O
changes	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
malware	O
attacks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Basically	O
all	O
software	O
available	O
for	O
Tumbleweed	B-Operating_System
is	O
also	O
available	O
for	O
MicroOS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
it	O
comes	O
with	O
podman	B-Application
Container-Runtime	O
,	O
MicroOS	O
is	O
advertized	O
as	O
"	O
the	O
perfect	O
Container-Host.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Kubic	O
is	O
a	O
Container-as-a-Service	O
Platform	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
MicroOS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
comes	O
with	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
and	O
is	O
designed	O
for	O
large	O
container	B-Application
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Community	O
maintains	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
containers	B-Application
in	O
their	O
registry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
configuration	O
was	O
originally	O
done	O
with	O
Salt	B-Application
,	O
but	O
later	O
it	O
was	O
switched	O
to	O
Kubeadm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kubic	O
shares	O
the	O
codebase	O
with	O
Tumbleweed	B-Operating_System
and	O
MicroOS	O
and	O
thus	O
allows	O
transactional	O
updates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Kubic	O
project	O
has	O
been	O
retired	O
in	O
June	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kubic	O
users	O
are	O
advised	O
to	O
use	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
MicroOS	O
and	O
then	O
install	O
k3s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Factory	O
project	O
is	O
the	O
rolling	O
development	O
code	O
base	O
for	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Tumbleweed	B-Operating_System
,	O
Factory	O
is	O
mainly	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
internal	O
term	O
for	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
's	O
distribution	O
developers	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
target	O
project	O
for	O
all	O
contributions	O
to	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
's	O
main	O
code	O
base	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
automated	O
testing	O
is	O
completed	O
and	O
the	O
repository	O
is	O
in	O
a	O
consistent	O
state	O
,	O
the	O
repository	O
is	O
synced	O
to	O
the	O
download	O
mirrors	O
and	O
published	O
as	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Tumbleweed	B-Operating_System
,	O
That	O
usually	O
happens	O
several	O
times	O
a	O
week	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
currently	O
(	O
2023	O
)	O
supports	O
installation	O
via	O
ISO	B-General_Concept
and/or	O
over	O
a	O
network	O
from	O
repositories	O
for	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
hardware	O
and	O
virtualization	B-General_Concept
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
includes	O
AArch64	B-Architecture
(	O
custom	O
version	O
for	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
is	O
available	O
)	O
,	O
Arm8	O
,	O
POWER8	B-Device
(	O
ppc64le	O
)	O
,	O
IBM	O
zSystems	O
(	O
s390x	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
ubiquitous	O
Intel	O
64	O
(	O
x86-64	B-Device
)	O
,	O
i586	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
i686	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Arm8	O
(	O
including	O
earlier	O
|Raspberry	O
Pi	O
models	O
,	O
i586	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
i686	B-Device
are	O
available	O
in	O
32-bit	O
version	O
only	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specialized	O
releases	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
containers	B-Application
and	O
virtualized	B-General_Concept
environments	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
onie	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
Hyper-V	O
,	O
kvm-xen	O
,	O
Digital	O
Ocean	O
Cloud	O
,	O
Container	B-Application
Host	O
with	O
VMWare	O
,	O
Vagrant	B-Application
,	O
and	O
VirtualBox	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
installed	O
in	O
conventional	O
virtualization	B-General_Concept
environments	O
with	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
achitecutes	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
using	O
VirtualBox	B-Operating_System
,	O
VMWare	O
,	O
or	O
HyperV	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SUSE	O
includes	O
an	O
installation	O
and	O
administration	O
program	O
called	O
YaST	B-Device
(	O
"	O
Yet	B-Device
another	I-Device
Setup	I-Device
Tool	I-Device
"	O
)	O
which	O
handles	O
hard	O
disk	O
partitioning	O
,	O
system	O
setup	O
,	O
RPM	B-Application
package	I-Application
management	O
,	O
online	O
updates	O
,	O
network	O
and	O
firewall	B-Application
configuration	O
,	O
user	O
administration	O
and	O
more	O
in	O
an	O
integrated	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2010	O
,	O
many	O
more	O
YaST	B-Device
modules	O
were	O
added	O
,	O
including	O
one	O
for	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SaX2	B-Device
was	O
once	O
integrated	O
into	O
YaST	B-Device
to	O
change	O
monitor	O
settings	O
,	O
however	O
with	O
openSUSE	O
11.3	O
SaX2	B-Device
has	O
been	O
removed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
is	O
part	O
of	O
YaST2	B-Device
and	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
automatic	O
installation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebYaST	O
is	O
a	O
web	O
interface	O
version	O
of	O
YaST	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
configure	O
settings	O
and	O
updates	O
of	O
the	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
machine	O
it	O
is	O
running	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ZYpp	O
(	O
or	O
libzypp	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
software	O
management	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ZYpp	O
is	O
the	O
backend	O
for	O
zypper	O
,	O
the	O
default	O
command	O
line	O
package	B-Application
management	I-Application
tool	O
for	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Open	B-Application
Build	I-Application
Service	I-Application
provides	O
software	O
developers	O
with	O
a	O
tool	O
to	O
compile	O
,	O
release	O
and	O
publish	O
their	O
software	O
for	O
many	O
distributions	O
,	O
including	O
Mandriva	O
,	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
,	O
Fedora	O
and	O
Debian	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
typically	O
simplifies	O
the	O
packaging	O
process	O
,	O
so	O
developers	O
can	O
more	O
easily	O
package	O
a	O
single	O
program	O
for	O
many	O
distributions	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
releases	O
,	O
making	O
more	O
packages	O
available	O
to	O
users	O
regardless	O
of	O
what	O
distribution	O
version	O
they	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
published	O
under	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
GPLv2+	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
default	O
,	O
OpenSUSE	B-Operating_System
uses	O
Delta	B-Application
RPMs	I-Application
when	O
updating	O
an	O
installation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Delta	B-Application
RPM	I-Application
contains	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
an	O
old	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
version	O
of	O
a	O
package	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SUSE	O
was	O
a	O
leading	O
contributor	O
to	O
the	O
KDE	B-Application
project	O
for	O
many	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SUSE	O
's	O
contributions	O
in	O
this	O
area	O
have	O
been	O
very	O
wide-ranging	O
,	O
and	O
affecting	O
many	O
parts	O
of	O
KDE	B-Application
such	O
as	O
kdelibs	B-Language
and	O
KDEBase	B-Language
,	O
Kontact	B-Language
,	O
and	O
kdenetwork	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
notable	O
projects	O
include	O
:	O
KNetworkManager	B-Protocol
–	O
a	O
front-end	O
to	O
NetworkManager	B-Protocol
and	O
Kickoff	O
–	O
a	O
new	O
K	O
menu	O
for	O
KDE	B-Language
Plasma	I-Language
Desktop	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Leap	O
42.1	O
to	O
15.0	O
,	O
the	O
default	O
Plasma	B-Language
5	I-Language
desktop	O
for	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
used	O
the	O
traditional	O
cascading	O
Application	O
Menu	O
in	O
place	O
of	O
the	O
upstream	O
default	O
Kickoff-like	O
Application	O
Launcher	O
menu	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Leap	O
KDE	B-Application
experience	O
is	O
built	O
on	O
long-term	O
support	O
versions	O
of	O
KDE	B-Language
Plasma	I-Language
,	O
starting	O
with	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Leap	O
42.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Leap	O
15.1	O
,	O
the	O
Plasma	B-Language
5	I-Language
desktop	O
now	O
again	O
defaults	O
to	O
the	O
Kickoff-style	O
application	O
menu	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Ximian	O
group	O
became	O
part	O
of	O
Novell	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
turn	O
made	O
and	O
continued	O
several	O
contributions	O
to	O
GNOME	B-Application
with	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
F-Spot	B-Language
,	O
Evolution	B-Language
and	O
Banshee	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GNOME	B-Application
desktop	I-Application
used	O
the	O
slab	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
classic	O
double-panelled	O
GNOME	B-Application
menu	O
bars	O
from	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
10.2	O
to	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
11.4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
12.1	O
slab	O
was	O
replaced	O
with	O
the	O
upstream	O
GNOME	B-Application
Shell	O
and	O
GNOME	B-Application
Fallback	O
designs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Leap	O
15.0	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
on	O
Wayland	B-Language
is	O
offered	O
as	O
the	O
default	O
GNOME	B-Application
session	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
Classic	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
on	O
Xorg	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
"	O
GNOME	B-Application
SLE	O
"	O
are	O
offered	O
as	O
alternative	O
sessions	O
to	O
the	O
more	O
upstream	O
Wayland-based	O
session	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
initial	O
stable	O
release	O
from	O
the	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Project	O
was	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
10.0	O
,	O
released	O
on	O
October	O
6	O
,	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
released	O
as	O
a	O
freely	O
downloadable	O
ISO	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
and	O
as	O
a	O
boxed	O
retail	O
package	O
,	O
with	O
certain	O
bundled	O
software	O
only	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
retail	O
package	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
11	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
the	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Project	O
released	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
10.1	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
mailing	O
list	O
announcement	O
identifying	O
Xgl	B-Application
,	O
NetworkManager	B-Protocol
,	O
AppArmor	O
and	O
Xen	B-Operating_System
as	O
prominent	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
their	O
third	O
release	O
,	O
the	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Project	O
renamed	O
their	O
distribution	O
,	O
releasing	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
10.2	O
on	O
December	O
7	O
,	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
areas	O
that	O
developers	O
focused	O
their	O
efforts	O
on	O
were	O
reworking	O
the	O
menus	O
used	O
to	O
launch	O
programs	O
in	O
KDE	B-Application
and	O
GNOME	B-Application
,	O
moving	O
to	O
ext3	B-Application
as	O
the	O
default	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
providing	O
support	O
for	O
internal	O
readers	O
of	O
Secure	B-Device
Digital	I-Device
cards	I-Device
commonly	O
used	O
in	O
digital	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
,	O
improving	O
power	O
management	O
framework	O
(	O
more	O
computers	O
can	O
enter	O
suspended	B-Device
states	O
instead	O
of	O
shutting	B-Device
down	I-Device
and	O
starting	B-Operating_System
up	I-Operating_System
)	O
and	O
the	O
package	B-Application
management	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
release	O
also	O
featured	O
version	O
2.0	O
of	O
Mozilla	B-Application
Firefox	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
fourth	O
release	O
,	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
10.3	O
,	O
was	O
made	O
available	O
as	O
a	O
stable	O
version	O
on	O
October	O
4	O
,	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
overhaul	O
of	O
the	O
software	B-Application
package	I-Application
management	I-Application
system	O
(	O
including	O
support	O
for	O
1-Click-Install	B-Application
)	O
,	O
legal	O
MP3	O
support	O
from	O
Fluendo	O
and	O
improved	O
boot-time	O
are	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
areas	O
focused	O
on	O
for	O
this	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
includes	O
the	O
latest	O
version	O
of	O
GNOME	B-Application
and	O
two	O
versions	O
of	O
KDE	B-Application
(	O
the	O
older	O
,	O
stable	O
3.5.9	O
and	O
the	O
newer	O
4.0.4	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
comes	O
in	O
three	O
freely	O
downloadable	O
versions	O
:	O
a	O
complete	O
installation	O
DVD	O
(	O
including	O
GNOME	B-Application
,	O
KDE3	B-Language
,	O
and	O
KDE4	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
two	O
Live	O
CDs	O
(	O
GNOME	B-Application
,	O
and	O
KDE4	O
respectively	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
KDE3	B-Language
Live	O
CD	O
was	O
not	O
produced	O
due	O
to	O
limited	O
resources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Package	B-Application
management	I-Application
and	O
installation	O
were	O
made	O
significantly	O
faster	O
with	O
ZYpp	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Updated	O
software	O
includes	O
GNOME	B-Application
2.24.1	O
,	O
Plasma	B-Language
4.1.3	I-Language
+	O
K	O
Desktop	O
Environment	O
3.5.10	O
,	O
OpenOffice.org	B-Application
3.0	I-Application
,	O
VirtualBox	B-Operating_System
2.0.6	O
,	O
Compiz	B-Language
0.7.8	O
,	O
Zypper	O
1.0.1	O
,	O
continued	O
improvement	O
in	O
the	O
software	O
update	O
stack	O
,	O
X.Org	B-Operating_System
7.4	O
,	O
Xserver	B-Operating_System
1.5.2	O
,	O
and	O
Linux	O
kernel	O
2.6.27.7	O
.	O
openSUSE	O
11.1	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
Evergreen	O
supported	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
includes	O
Plasma	O
4.3	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
2.28	O
,	O
Mozilla	B-Language
Firefox	I-Language
3.5	I-Language
,	O
OpenOffice.org	B-Application
3.1	I-Application
,	O
improved	O
social	O
network	O
support	O
,	O
updated	O
filesystems	B-Application
such	O
as	O
Ext4	B-Application
as	O
the	O
new	O
default	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
Btrfs	B-Operating_System
,	O
installer	O
support	O
for	O
whole-disk	O
encryption	O
,	O
significant	O
improvements	O
to	O
YaST	B-Device
and	O
zypper	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
ISO	B-General_Concept
images	I-General_Concept
are	O
hybrid	B-General_Concept
and	O
now	O
support	O
both	O
USB	O
and	O
CD-ROM	O
boot	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
includes	O
Plasma	O
4.4.4	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
2.30.1	O
,	O
Mozilla	O
Firefox	O
3.6.6	O
,	O
OpenOffice.org	B-Application
3.2.1	I-Application
,	O
SpiderOak	O
support	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Btrfs	B-Operating_System
filesystem	B-Application
and	O
support	O
for	O
LXDE	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
updates	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
to	O
version	O
2.6.34	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
includes	O
Plasma	O
4.6.0	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
2.32.1	O
,	O
Mozilla	B-Application
Firefox	I-Application
4.0	I-Application
beta	O
12	O
,	O
and	O
switched	O
from	O
OpenOffice.org	B-Application
to	O
LibreOffice	B-Application
3.3.1	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
updates	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
to	O
version	O
2.6.37	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
12.1	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
November	O
16	O
,	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
includes	O
Plasma	O
4.7	O
and	O
GNOME	B-Application
3.2	O
and	O
Firefox	B-Application
7.0.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
was	O
updated	O
to	O
3.1.0	O
It	O
also	O
introduced	O
an	O
advanced	O
disk	B-Application
snapshot	I-Application
tool	O
,	O
called	O
Snapper	O
,	O
for	O
managing	O
Btrfs	B-Operating_System
snapshots	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
12.1	O
was	O
also	O
the	O
first	O
release	O
of	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
to	O
use	O
systemd	O
by	O
default	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
traditional	O
System	O
V	O
init	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
can	O
still	O
select	O
to	O
boot	B-Operating_System
to	O
System	O
V	O
init	O
at	O
startup	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
12.2	O
was	O
to	O
be	O
released	O
on	O
July	O
11	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
postponed	O
due	O
to	O
persistent	O
stability	O
issues	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
12.2	O
includes	O
the	O
desktop	O
environments	O
Plasma	O
4.8	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
3.4	O
,	O
Firefox	B-Application
14.0.1	O
,	O
and	O
Xfce	B-Language
4.10	O
and	O
now	O
uses	O
Plymouth	O
and	O
GRUB	O
2	O
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
12.3	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
schedule	O
on	O
March	O
13	O
,	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
includes	O
Plasma	O
4.10	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
3.6	O
,	O
Firefox	B-Application
19.0	O
,	O
LibreOffice	B-Application
3.6	I-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
removal	O
of	O
SuSEconfig	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
the	O
Live	O
CD	O
images	O
were	O
replaced	O
with	O
Live	O
USB	O
images	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
Xfce	B-Language
rescue	O
image	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
13.1	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
November	O
19	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
and	O
includes	O
updates	O
to	O
Plasma	O
4.11	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
3.10	O
,	O
Firefox	B-Application
25.0	O
,	O
and	O
LibreOffice	B-Application
4.1	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
other	O
changes	O
include	O
a	O
YaST	B-Device
port	O
to	O
Ruby	O
,	O
the	O
LightDM	O
KDE	B-Application
greeter	O
,	O
and	O
experimental	O
Wayland	B-Language
support	O
in	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
Shell	O
and	O
KDE	B-Language
Plasma	I-Language
Desktop	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
13.1	O
is	O
an	O
Evergreen	O
supported	O
release	O
,	O
meaning	O
it	O
will	O
receive	O
community	O
patches	O
for	O
18	O
months	O
after	O
SUSE	O
support	O
ends	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
13.2	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
November	O
4	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
and	O
includes	O
updates	O
to	O
Plasma	O
4.11	O
,	O
KDE	B-Application
Applications	O
4.14	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
3.14.1	O
,	O
Firefox	B-Application
33.0	O
and	O
LibreOffice	O
4.3.2.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
team	O
decided	O
that	O
the	O
next	O
version	O
would	O
be	O
based	O
on	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Enterprise	O
Server	O
(	O
SLES	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Leap	O
15	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Enterprise	O
(	O
SLE	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
"	O
Leap	O
15	O
"	O
is	O
meant	O
to	O
match	O
the	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Enterprise	O
version	O
it	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Leap	O
15	O
(	O
just	O
like	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Enterprise	O
15	O
)	O
uses	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
4.12	O
LTS	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
default	O
desktop	O
is	O
KDE	O
Plasma	O
5.12	O
LTS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
switch	O
to	O
its	O
enterprise	O
variant	O
-	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Enterprise	O
15	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Leap	O
15.4	O
release	O
uses	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
5.14.21	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
41	O
and	O
KDE	O
Plasma	O
5.24	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
version	O
Leap	O
(	O
after	O
version	O
13.2	O
)	O
,	O
each	O
major	O
release	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
15.0	O
)	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
supported	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
36	O
months	O
,	O
until	O
the	O
next	O
major	O
version	O
is	O
available	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
16.0	O
)	O
,	O
aligned	O
with	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Enterprise	O
Releases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
minor	O
release	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
released	O
annually	O
,	O
aligned	O
with	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Enterprise	O
Service	O
Packs	O
,	O
and	O
users	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
upgrade	O
to	O
the	O
latest	O
minor	O
release	O
within	O
6	O
months	O
of	O
its	O
availability	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
an	O
expected	O
support	O
lifecycle	O
of	O
18	O
months	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tumbleweed	B-Operating_System
is	O
updated	O
on	O
a	O
rolling	O
basis	O
,	O
and	O
requires	O
no	O
upgrades	O
beyond	O
the	O
regular	O
installation	O
of	O
small	O
updates	O
and	O
snapshots	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Evergreen	O
was	O
a	O
community	O
effort	O
to	O
prolong	O
maintenance	O
of	O
selected	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
versions	O
after	O
they	O
reached	O
official	O
end-of-life	O
before	O
the	O
Leap	O
series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
2009	O
to	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
project	O
aimed	O
to	O
release	O
a	O
new	O
version	O
every	O
eight	O
months	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jesse	O
Smith	O
from	O
DistroWatch	O
Weekly	O
reviewed	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
Leap	O
15.0	O
,	O
lauding	O
the	O
"	O
work	O
that	O
has	O
gone	O
into	O
the	O
system	O
installer	O
"	O
,	O
simplify	O
for	O
new	O
users	O
,	O
but	O
criticized	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
media	O
support	O
,	O
and	O
performance	O
issues	O
,	O
like	O
a	O
slow	O
startup	O
or	O
slow	O
shutdown	B-Device
.	O
</s>
