<s>
OpenRefine	B-Application
is	O
an	O
open-source	B-License
desktop	O
application	O
for	O
data	O
cleanup	O
and	O
transformation	O
to	O
other	O
formats	O
,	O
an	O
activity	O
commonly	O
known	O
as	O
data	B-General_Concept
wrangling	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
applications	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
handle	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
file	O
formats	O
such	O
as	O
CSV	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
behaves	O
more	O
like	O
a	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
operates	O
on	O
rows	O
of	O
data	O
which	O
have	O
cells	O
under	O
columns	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
manner	O
in	O
which	O
relational	B-Application
database	I-Application
tables	O
operate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenRefine	B-Application
projects	O
consist	O
of	O
one	O
table	O
,	O
whose	O
rows	O
can	O
be	O
filtered	O
using	O
facets	O
that	O
define	O
criteria	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
showing	O
rows	O
where	O
a	O
given	O
column	O
is	O
not	O
empty	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
spreadsheets	B-Application
,	O
most	O
operations	O
in	O
OpenRefine	B-Application
are	O
done	O
on	O
all	O
visible	O
rows	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
transformation	O
of	O
all	O
cells	O
in	O
all	O
rows	O
under	O
one	O
column	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
column	O
based	O
on	O
existing	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Formula	O
expressions	O
can	O
be	O
written	O
in	O
General	O
Refine	O
Expression	O
Language	O
(	O
GREL	O
)	O
,	O
in	O
Jython	B-Language
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
Python	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
Clojure	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
program	O
operates	O
as	O
a	O
local	O
web	O
app	O
:	O
it	O
starts	O
a	O
web	B-Application
server	I-Application
and	O
opens	O
the	O
default	O
browser	O
to	O
127.0.0.1:3333	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Parsing	O
data	O
from	O
web	O
sites	O
:	O
OpenRefine	B-Application
has	O
a	O
URL	O
fetch	O
feature	O
and	O
jsoup	B-Language
HTML	O
parser	O
and	O
DOM	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
returning	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
geocoding	B-Application
addresses	O
to	O
geographic	O
coordinates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
input	O
data	O
is	O
in	O
a	O
non-standard	O
text	O
format	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
imported	O
as	O
whole	O
lines	O
,	O
without	O
splitting	O
into	O
columns	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
columns	O
extracted	O
later	O
with	O
OpenRefine	B-Application
's	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Archived	O
and	O
compressed	O
files	O
are	O
supported	O
(	O
.zip	O
,	O
.tar.gz	B-Application
,	O
.tgz	O
,	O
.tar.bz2	O
,	O
.gz	O
,	O
or	O
.bz2	O
)	O
and	O
Refine	O
can	O
download	O
input	O
files	O
from	O
a	O
URL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Templating	O
exporter	O
:	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
define	O
custom	O
template	O
for	O
outputting	O
data	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
as	O
MediaWiki	B-Application
table	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Whole	O
OpenRefine	B-Application
projects	O
in	O
native	O
format	O
can	O
be	O
exported	O
as	O
a	O
.tar.gz	B-Application
archive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenRefine	B-Application
started	O
life	O
as	O
Freebase	O
Gridworks	O
,	O
developed	O
by	O
Metaweb	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
available	O
as	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
since	O
January	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
16	O
July	O
2010	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
acquired	O
Metaweb	O
,	O
the	O
creators	O
of	O
Freebase	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
10	O
November	O
2010	O
renamed	O
Freebase	O
Gridwords	O
Google	B-Application
Refine	I-Application
,	O
releasing	O
version	O
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
2	O
October	O
2012	O
,	O
original	O
author	O
David	O
Huynh	O
announced	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
would	O
soon	O
stop	O
its	O
active	O
support	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
Refine	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
then	O
,	O
the	O
codebase	O
has	O
been	O
in	O
transition	O
to	O
an	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
project	O
named	O
OpenRefine	B-Application
.	O
</s>
