<s>
The	O
OpenNet	B-Application
Initiative	I-Application
(	O
ONI	O
)	O
was	O
a	O
joint	O
project	O
whose	O
goal	O
was	O
to	O
monitor	O
and	O
report	O
on	O
internet	B-Protocol
filtering	I-Protocol
and	O
surveillance	O
practices	O
by	O
nations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
employed	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
technical	O
means	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
an	O
international	O
network	O
of	O
investigators	O
,	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
extent	O
and	O
nature	O
of	O
government-run	O
internet	B-Protocol
filtering	I-Protocol
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2014	O
the	O
OpenNet	B-Application
Initiative	I-Application
partners	O
announced	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
no	O
longer	O
carry	O
out	O
research	O
under	O
the	O
ONI	O
banner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ONI	O
used	O
several	O
methods	O
to	O
test	O
and	O
document	O
internet	B-Application
censorship	I-Application
in	O
a	O
country	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
and	O
deployment	O
of	O
a	O
suite	O
of	O
technical	O
enumeration	O
tools	O
and	O
core	O
methodologies	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
Internet	B-Protocol
filtering	I-Protocol
and	O
surveillance	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2007	O
,	O
the	O
International	O
Development	O
Research	O
Center	O
of	O
Canada	O
approved	O
a	O
$1.2	O
million	O
(	O
CAD	O
)	O
project	O
to	O
expand	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
the	O
Open	B-Application
Net	I-Application
Initiative	I-Application
to	O
15	O
countries	O
in	O
Asia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
aims	O
to	O
build	O
capacity	O
among	O
partners	O
located	O
in	O
these	O
countries	O
to	O
carry	O
on	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
the	O
Open	B-Application
Net	I-Application
Initiative	I-Application
at	O
a	O
national	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Psiphon	B-Application
is	O
a	O
censorship	B-Application
circumvention	I-Application
solution	O
that	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
access	O
blocked	O
web	O
pages	O
in	O
countries	O
where	O
the	O
Internet	O
is	O
censored	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Psiphon	B-Application
allows	O
a	O
regular	O
home	O
computer	O
to	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
personal	O
,	O
encrypted	O
proxy	B-Application
server	I-Application
that	O
allows	O
the	O
administrator	O
to	O
specify	O
a	O
username	O
and	O
password	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
in	O
turn	O
,	O
given	O
to	O
someone	O
in	O
a	O
country	O
where	O
internet	B-Application
censorship	I-Application
is	O
prevalent	O
so	O
that	O
users	O
in	O
that	O
country	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
browse	O
the	O
internet	O
in	O
a	O
secure	O
,	O
uncensored	O
manner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2008	O
Psiphon	B-Application
was	O
spun	O
off	O
as	O
a	O
Canadian	O
corporation	O
that	O
continues	O
to	O
develop	O
advanced	O
censorship	B-Application
circumvention	I-Application
systems	O
and	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Psiphon	B-Application
maintains	O
its	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
lab	O
and	O
computer	O
network	O
"	O
red	O
team	O
"	O
at	O
The	O
Citizen	O
Lab	O
,	O
Munk	O
Centre	O
for	O
International	O
Studies	O
,	O
University	O
of	O
Toronto	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
many	O
research	O
papers	O
available	O
from	O
the	O
ONI	O
that	O
show	O
just	O
how	O
pervasive	O
internet	B-Application
censorship	I-Application
is	O
in	O
a	O
certain	O
country	O
or	O
region	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Overviews	O
of	O
Internet	B-Application
censorship	I-Application
and	O
filtering	O
in	O
eight	O
regions	O
:	O
Asia	O
,	O
Australia/New	O
Zealand	O
,	O
the	O
Commonwealth	O
of	O
Independent	O
States	O
,	O
Europe	O
,	O
Latin	O
America	O
,	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
and	O
North	O
Africa	O
,	O
sub-Saharan	O
Africa	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
United	O
States/Canada	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Country	O
profiles	O
summarizing	O
the	O
Internet	B-Application
censorship	I-Application
situation	O
and	O
reporting	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
ONI	O
's	O
testing	O
for	O
technical	O
Internet	B-Protocol
filtering	I-Protocol
in	O
74	O
countries	O
,	O
2007	O
to	O
present	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Maps	O
providing	O
a	O
graphical	O
representation	O
of	O
research	O
into	O
Internet	B-Application
censorship	I-Application
and	O
filtering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
Name	O
of	O
God	O
:	O
Faith	O
Based	O
Internet	B-Application
Censorship	I-Application
in	O
Majority	O
Muslim	O
Countries	O
,	O
August	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Access	O
Denied	O
—	O
The	O
Practice	O
and	O
Politics	O
of	O
Internet	B-Protocol
Filtering	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
a	O
decade	O
of	O
collaboration	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
and	O
documentation	O
of	O
Internet	B-Protocol
filtering	I-Protocol
and	O
control	O
mechanisms	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
the	O
OpenNet	B-Application
Initiative	I-Application
partners	O
will	O
no	O
longer	O
carry	O
out	O
research	O
under	O
the	O
ONI	O
banner	O
.	O
</s>
