<s>
OpenNebula	B-Language
is	O
a	O
hyper-converged	B-Architecture
infrastructure	I-Architecture
platform	O
for	O
managing	O
heterogeneous	O
distributed	O
data	B-Operating_System
center	I-Operating_System
infrastructures	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpenNebula	B-Language
platform	O
manages	O
a	O
data	B-Operating_System
center	I-Operating_System
's	O
virtual	B-General_Concept
infrastructure	I-General_Concept
to	O
build	O
private	O
,	O
public	O
and	O
hybrid	O
implementations	O
of	O
Infrastructure	B-General_Concept
as	I-General_Concept
a	I-General_Concept
Service	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
two	O
primary	O
uses	O
of	O
the	O
OpenNebula	B-Language
platform	O
are	O
data	B-Operating_System
center	I-Operating_System
virtualization	B-General_Concept
and	O
cloud	O
deployments	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
KVM	B-Application
hypervisor	B-Operating_System
,	O
system	O
containers	O
,	O
and	O
microVMs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
platform	O
is	O
also	O
capable	O
of	O
offering	O
the	O
cloud	O
infrastructure	O
necessary	O
to	O
operate	O
a	O
cloud	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
existing	O
VMware	B-Application
infrastructure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
June	O
2020	O
,	O
OpenNebula	B-Language
announced	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
Enterprise	O
Edition	O
for	O
corporate	O
users	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
Community	O
Edition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenNebula	B-Language
CE	O
is	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
software	I-License
,	O
released	O
under	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
version	I-Application
2	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenNebula	B-Language
CE	O
comes	O
with	O
free	O
access	O
to	O
maintenance	O
releases	O
but	O
with	O
upgrades	O
to	O
new	O
minor/major	O
versions	O
only	O
available	O
for	O
users	O
with	O
non-commercial	O
deployments	O
or	O
with	O
significant	O
contributions	O
to	O
the	O
OpenNebula	B-Language
Community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenNebula	B-Language
EE	O
is	O
distributed	O
under	O
a	O
closed-source	O
license	O
and	O
requires	O
a	O
commercial	O
Subscription	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpenNebula	B-Language
Project	O
was	O
started	O
as	O
a	O
research	O
venture	O
in	O
2005	O
by	O
Ignacio	O
M	O
.	O
Llorente	O
and	O
Ruben	O
S	O
.	O
Montero	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
goals	O
of	O
the	O
research	O
were	O
to	O
create	O
efficient	O
solutions	O
for	O
managing	O
virtual	O
machines	O
on	O
distributed	O
infrastructures	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Open-source	B-Application
development	O
and	O
an	O
active	O
community	O
of	O
developers	O
have	O
since	O
helped	O
mature	O
the	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
project	O
matured	O
it	O
began	O
to	O
become	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
adopted	O
and	O
in	O
March	O
2010	O
the	O
primary	O
writers	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
founded	O
C12G	B-Application
Labs	O
,	O
now	O
known	O
as	O
OpenNebula	B-Application
Systems	I-Application
,	O
which	O
provides	O
value-added	O
professional	O
services	O
to	O
enterprises	O
adopting	O
or	O
utilizing	O
OpenNebula	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenNebula	B-Language
orchestrates	O
storage	O
,	O
network	O
,	O
virtualization	B-General_Concept
,	O
monitoring	O
,	O
and	O
security	O
technologies	O
to	O
deploy	O
multi-tier	O
services	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
compute	O
clusters	O
)	O
as	O
virtual	O
machines	O
on	O
distributed	O
infrastructures	B-Application
,	O
combining	O
both	O
data	B-Operating_System
center	I-Operating_System
resources	O
and	O
remote	O
cloud	O
resources	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
allocation	O
policies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
European	O
Commission	O
's	O
2010	O
report	O
"	O
...	O
only	O
few	O
cloud	O
dedicated	O
research	O
projects	O
in	O
the	O
widest	O
sense	O
have	O
been	O
initiated	O
–	O
most	O
prominent	O
amongst	O
them	O
probably	O
OpenNebula	B-Language
...	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
claims	O
standardization	O
,	O
interoperability	O
and	O
portability	B-Architecture
,	O
providing	O
cloud	B-Architecture
users	I-Architecture
and	O
administrators	O
with	O
a	O
choice	O
of	O
several	O
cloud	O
interfaces	O
(	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
EC2	I-General_Concept
Query	O
,	O
OGF	O
Open	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
Computing	I-General_Concept
Interface	I-General_Concept
and	O
vCloud	B-General_Concept
)	O
and	O
hypervisors	B-Operating_System
(	O
VMware	B-Application
vCenter	I-Application
,	O
KVM	B-Application
,	O
and	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
accommodate	O
multiple	O
hardware	O
and	O
software	O
combinations	O
in	O
a	O
data	B-Operating_System
center	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenNebula	B-Language
is	O
sponsored	O
by	O
OpenNebula	B-Application
Systems	I-Application
(	O
formerly	O
C12G	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenNebula	B-Language
is	O
widely	O
used	O
by	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
industries	O
,	O
including	O
cloud	O
providers	O
,	O
telecommunication	O
,	O
information	O
technology	O
services	O
,	O
government	O
,	O
banking	O
,	O
gaming	O
,	O
media	O
,	O
hosting	O
,	O
supercomputing	O
,	O
research	O
laboratories	O
,	O
and	O
international	O
research	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpenNebula	B-Language
Project	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
by	O
some	O
other	O
cloud	O
solutions	O
as	O
a	O
cloud	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenNebula	B-Language
has	O
grown	O
significantly	O
since	O
going	O
public	O
and	O
now	O
has	O
many	O
notable	O
users	O
from	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
industries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Government	O
solutions	O
utilizing	O
the	O
OpenNebula	B-Language
Project	O
include	O
the	O
National	O
Central	O
Library	O
of	O
Florence	O
,	O
bDigital	O
,	O
Deutsch	O
E-Post	O
,	O
RedIRIS	O
,	O
GRNET	O
,	O
Instituto	O
Geografico	O
Nacional	O
,	O
CSIC	O
,	O
Gobex	O
,	O
ASAC	O
Communications	O
,	O
KNAW	O
,	O
Junta	O
De	O
Andalucia	O
,	O
Flanders	O
Environmental	O
Agency	O
,	O
red.es,	O
CENATIC	O
,	O
Milieuinfo	O
,	O
SIGMA	O
,	O
and	O
Computaex	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cloud	O
products	O
using	O
OpenNebula	B-Language
include	O
ClassCat	O
,	O
HexaGrid	O
,	O
NodeWeaver	O
,	O
Impetus	O
,	O
and	O
ZeroNines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenNebula	B-Language
follows	O
a	O
rapid	O
release	O
cycle	O
to	O
improve	O
user	O
satisfaction	O
by	O
rapidly	O
delivering	O
features	O
and	O
innovations	O
based	O
on	O
user	O
requirements	O
and	O
feedback	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpenNebula	B-Language
project	O
is	O
mainly	O
open-source	B-Application
and	O
possible	O
thanks	O
to	O
the	O
active	O
community	O
of	O
developers	O
and	O
translators	O
supporting	O
the	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
TP	O
and	O
TP2	O
,	O
technology	O
previews	O
,	O
offered	O
host	O
and	O
VM	O
management	O
features	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
Xen	O
hypervisor	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
1.0	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
stable	O
release	O
,	O
introduced	O
KVM	B-Application
and	O
EC2	O
drivers	O
,	O
enabling	O
hybrid	O
clouds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
3.0	O
added	O
a	O
migration	O
path	O
from	O
previous	O
versions	O
,	O
VLAN	O
,	O
ebtables	O
and	O
OVS	O
integration	O
for	O
virtual	O
networks	O
,	O
ACLs	O
and	O
accounting	O
subsystem	O
,	O
VMware	B-Application
driver	O
,	O
Virtual	O
Data	B-Operating_System
Centers	I-Operating_System
and	O
federation	O
across	O
data	B-Operating_System
centers	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
3.6	O
added	O
Virtual	O
Routers	O
,	O
LVM	O
datastores	O
and	O
the	O
public	O
OpenNebula	B-Language
marketplace	O
integration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
4.4	O
released	O
in	O
2014	O
,	O
brought	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
innovations	O
in	O
Open	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
,	O
improved	O
cloud	O
bursting	O
,	O
and	O
implemented	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
multiple	O
system	O
datastores	O
for	O
storage	O
load	O
policies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
4.6	O
allowed	O
users	O
to	O
have	O
different	O
instances	O
of	O
OpenNebula	B-Language
in	O
geographically	O
dispersed	O
and	O
different	O
data	B-Operating_System
centers	I-Operating_System
,	O
this	O
was	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
Federation	O
of	O
OpenNebula	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Login	O
token	O
was	O
also	O
developed	O
,	O
and	O
support	O
was	O
provided	O
for	O
VMS	O
and	O
vCenter	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
4.12	O
offered	O
new	O
functionality	O
to	O
implement	O
security	O
groups	O
and	O
improve	O
vCenter	B-Application
integration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
5.0	O
'	O
Wizard	O
 '	O
introduced	O
marketplaces	O
as	O
means	O
to	O
share	O
images	O
across	O
different	O
OpenNebula	B-Language
instances	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
5.4	O
'	O
Medusa	O
 '	O
introduced	O
Full	O
storage	O
and	O
network	O
management	O
for	O
vCenter	B-Application
,	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
VM	O
Groups	O
to	O
define	O
affinity	O
between	O
VMs	O
and	O
hypervisors	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
5.8	O
'	O
Edge	O
 '	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
LXD	O
for	O
infrastructure	O
containers	O
,	O
automatic	O
NIC	O
selection	O
and	O
Distributed	O
Datacenters	B-Operating_System
(	O
DDC	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
use	O
bare	O
metal	O
providers	O
to	O
build	O
remote	O
clusters	O
in	O
edge	O
and	O
hybrid	O
cloud	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
6.2	O
'	O
Red	O
Square	O
 '	O
improvements	O
to	O
LXC	O
driver	O
,	O
new	O
support	O
to	O
workload	O
portability	B-Architecture
,	O
beta	O
preview	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
Sunstone	O
GUI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
6.4	O
'	O
Archeon	O
 '	O
new	O
support	O
to	O
the	O
automatic	O
deployment	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
edge	O
clusters	O
based	O
on	O
Ceph	O
using	O
on-premise	O
infrastructure	O
or	O
AWS	O
bare-metal	O
resources	O
,	O
addition	O
of	O
the	O
notion	O
of	O
network	O
states	O
,	O
improvements	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
Sunstone	O
GUI	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
LXC	O
driver	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
integration	O
with	O
VMware	B-Application
vCenter	I-Application
,	O
and	O
new	O
module	O
for	O
WHMCS	O
(	O
only	O
for	O
EE	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Host	O
:	O
Physical	O
machine	O
running	O
a	O
supported	O
hypervisor	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
logical	O
address	O
space	O
available	O
(	O
IPv4	B-Protocol
,	O
IPv6	B-Protocol
,	O
dual	O
stack	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenNebula	B-Language
also	O
comes	O
with	O
a	O
Virtual	O
Router	O
appliance	O
to	O
provide	O
networking	O
services	O
like	O
DHCP	O
,	O
DNS	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
master	O
node	O
,	O
sometimes	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
the	O
front-end	O
machine	O
,	O
executes	O
all	O
the	O
OpenNebula	B-Language
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
the	O
actual	O
machine	O
where	O
OpenNebula	B-Language
is	O
installed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenNebula	B-Language
services	O
on	O
the	O
front-end	O
machine	O
include	O
the	O
management	O
daemon	O
(	O
oned	O
)	O
,	O
scheduler	O
(	O
sched	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
web	O
interface	O
server	O
(	O
Sunstone	O
server	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
advanced	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
worker	O
nodes	O
,	O
or	O
hypervisor	B-Operating_System
enabled-hosts	O
,	O
provide	O
the	O
actual	O
computing	O
resources	O
needed	O
for	O
processing	O
all	O
jobs	O
submitted	O
by	O
the	O
master	O
node	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenNebula	B-Language
hypervisor	B-Operating_System
enabled-hosts	O
use	O
a	O
virtualization	B-General_Concept
hypervisor	B-Operating_System
such	O
as	O
Vmware	B-Application
,	O
Xen	O
,	O
or	O
KVM	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
KVM	B-Application
hypervisor	B-Operating_System
is	O
natively	O
supported	O
and	O
used	O
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Virtualization	B-General_Concept
hosts	O
are	O
the	O
physical	O
machines	O
that	O
run	O
the	O
virtual	O
machines	O
and	O
various	O
platforms	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
OpenNebula	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Virtualization	B-General_Concept
Subsystem	O
interacts	O
with	O
these	O
hosts	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
actions	O
needed	O
by	O
the	O
master	O
node	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Three	O
different	O
datastore	O
classes	O
are	O
included	O
with	O
OpenNebula	B-Language
,	O
including	O
system	O
datastores	O
,	O
image	O
datastores	O
,	O
and	O
file	O
datastores	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
very	O
least	O
two	O
physical	O
networks	O
are	O
required	O
as	O
OpenNebula	B-Language
requires	O
a	O
service	O
network	O
and	O
an	O
instance	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
network	O
subsystem	O
of	O
OpenNebula	B-Language
is	O
easily	O
customizable	O
to	O
allow	O
easy	O
adaptation	O
to	O
existing	O
data	B-Operating_System
centers	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
