<s>
OpenLisp	B-Language
is	O
a	O
programming	O
language	O
in	O
the	O
Lisp	B-Language
family	O
developed	O
by	O
Christian	O
Jullien	O
from	O
Eligis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
conforms	O
to	O
the	O
international	O
standard	O
for	O
ISLISP	B-Language
published	O
jointly	O
by	O
the	O
International	O
Organization	O
for	O
Standardization	O
(	O
ISO	O
)	O
and	O
International	O
Electrotechnical	O
Commission	O
(	O
IEC	O
)	O
,	O
ISO/IEC	O
13816:1997(E )	O
,	O
revised	O
to	O
ISO/IEC	O
13816:2007(E )	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Written	O
in	O
the	O
programming	O
languages	O
C	B-Language
and	O
Lisp	B-Language
,	O
it	O
runs	O
on	O
most	O
common	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenLisp	B-Language
is	O
designated	O
an	O
ISLISP	B-Language
implementation	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
contains	O
many	O
Common	O
Lisp-compatible	O
extensions	O
(	O
hashtable	O
,	O
readtable	O
,	O
package	O
,	O
defstruct	O
,	O
sequences	O
,	O
rational	O
numbers	O
)	O
and	O
other	O
libraries	B-Library
(	O
network	B-Protocol
socket	I-Protocol
,	O
regular	B-Language
expression	I-Language
,	O
XML	B-Protocol
,	O
Portable	O
Operating	B-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
Interface	O
(	O
POSIX	O
)	O
,	O
SQL	B-Language
,	O
Lightweight	B-Protocol
Directory	I-Protocol
Access	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
LDAP	B-Protocol
)	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenLisp	B-Language
includes	O
an	O
interpreter	B-Application
associated	O
to	O
a	O
read	B-Application
–	I-Application
eval	I-Application
–	I-Application
print	I-Application
loop	I-Application
(	O
REPL	B-Application
)	O
,	O
a	O
Lisp	B-Language
Assembly	O
Program	O
(	O
LAP	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
backend	O
compiler	B-Language
for	O
the	O
languageC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
goal	O
of	O
this	O
Lisp	B-Language
version	O
is	O
to	O
implement	O
a	O
fully	O
compliant	O
ISLISP	B-Language
system	O
(	O
when	O
launched	O
with	O
--islisp	O
flag	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
strictly	O
restricted	O
to	O
ISO/IEC	O
13816:2007(E )	O
specification	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
secondary	O
goal	O
is	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
complete	O
embeddable	B-Application
Lisp	B-Language
system	O
linkable	O
to	O
C/C	O
++	O
or	O
Java	B-Language
(	O
via	O
Java	B-Language
Native	I-Language
Interface	I-Language
(	O
JNI	B-Language
)	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
goals	O
are	O
to	O
be	O
usable	O
as	O
scripting	B-Language
language	I-Language
or	O
glue	O
language	O
and	O
to	O
produce	O
standalone	B-General_Concept
program	I-General_Concept
executables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
its	O
name	O
,	O
OpenLisp	B-Language
is	O
proprietary	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
interpreter	B-Application
is	O
available	O
free	O
of	O
charge	O
for	O
any	O
noncommercial	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenLisp	B-Language
mainly	O
runs	O
in	O
console	O
mode	O
:	O
cmd.exe	B-Device
on	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
and	O
terminal	B-Application
emulator	I-Application
on	O
Unix-based	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alternate	O
solutions	O
include	O
running	O
OpenLisp	B-Language
from	O
Emacs	B-Application
via	O
setting	O
up	O
Emacs	B-Application
inferior-lisp-mode	O
,	O
or	O
using	O
an	O
integrated	B-Application
development	I-Application
environment	I-Application
(	O
IDE	O
)	O
which	O
supports	O
OpenLisp	B-Language
syntax	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internally	O
,	O
OpenLisp	B-Language
uses	O
virtual	B-Architecture
memory	I-Architecture
to	O
allocate	O
and	O
extend	O
objects	O
automatically	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Large	O
objects	O
use	O
a	O
proxy	O
which	O
point	O
to	O
the	O
real	O
object	O
in	O
Lisp	B-Language
heap	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
conservative	O
garbage	B-General_Concept
collection	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
mark	O
and	O
sweep	O
with	O
coalescing	B-General_Concept
heap	O
(	O
sweep	O
phase	O
can	O
be	O
configured	O
to	O
use	O
threads	B-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenLisp	B-Language
uses	O
tagged	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
(	O
4	O
bits	O
tag	O
on	O
32-bit	O
,	O
5	O
bits	O
tag	O
on	O
64-bit	B-Device
)	O
for	O
fast	O
type	O
checking	O
(	O
small	O
integer	O
,	O
float	O
,	O
symbol	O
,	O
cons	O
,	O
string	O
,	O
vector	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Small	O
integers	O
(	O
28	O
bits	O
on	O
32-bit	O
,	O
59	O
bits	O
on	O
64-bit	B-Device
)	O
are	O
unboxed	O
,	O
large	O
(	O
32/64	O
-bit	O
)	O
integers	O
are	O
boxed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
required	O
by	O
ISLISP	B-Language
,	O
arbitrary-precision	B-Algorithm
arithmetic	I-Algorithm
(	O
bignums	B-Algorithm
)	O
are	O
also	O
implemented	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Characters	O
(	O
hence	O
strings	O
)	O
are	O
either	O
8-bit	O
(	O
ANSI	O
,	O
EBCDIC	B-Language
)	O
or	O
16/32	O
-bit	O
if	O
Unicode	O
support	O
is	O
enabled	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Lisp	B-Language
Kernel	O
,	O
native	O
interpreter	B-Application
and	O
basic	O
libraries	B-Library
are	O
hand	O
coded	O
in	O
the	O
language	O
C	B-Language
,	O
LAP	O
intermediate	O
language	O
produced	O
by	O
the	O
compiler	B-Language
is	O
then	O
translated	O
to	O
C	B-Language
by	O
the	O
C	B-Language
backend	O
code	B-Application
generator	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1988	O
,	O
the	O
very	O
first	O
motive	O
behind	O
OpenLisp	B-Language
was	O
to	O
implement	O
a	O
Lisp	B-Language
subset	O
to	O
extend	O
EmACT	O
,	O
an	O
Emacs	B-Application
clone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISLISP	B-Language
became	O
an	O
obvious	O
choice	O
quickly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
OpenLisp	B-Language
milestonesYearVersionMain	O
feature	O
1988	O
1.0	O
OpenLisp	B-Language
begun	O
as	O
a	O
toy	O
language	O
named	O
MLisp	O
(	O
Minimal	O
Lisp	B-Language
)	O
to	O
experiment	O
with	O
ideas	O
from	O
ISLISP	B-Language
standards	O
process	O
1993	O
3.3	O
First	O
port	O
on	O
64-bit	B-Device
machine	O
(	O
DEC	B-Device
Alpha	I-Device
OSF/1	B-Operating_System
)	O
;	O
name	O
change	O
from	O
MLisp	O
to	O
OpenLisp	B-Language
1994	O
4.0	O
First	O
commercial	O
use	O
1995	O
4.5	O
Socket	O
streams	O
support	O
1997	O
5.7	O
OpenLisp	B-Language
is	O
first	O
Lisp	B-Language
to	O
implement	O
ISLISP	B-Language
ISO/IEC	O
13816:1997(E )	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1998	O
5.8	O
Unicode	O
optional	O
support	O
2000	O
6.6	O
Lisp	B-Language
to	O
LAP	O
compiler	B-Language
;	O
LAP	O
is	O
interpreted	O
by	O
a	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
embedded	O
in	O
OpenLisp	B-Language
;	O
speed	O
improved	O
about	O
2x	O
2003	O
7.5	O
Lisp	B-Language
to	O
C	B-Language
backend	O
;	O
able	O
to	O
compile	B-Language
an	O
application	O
with	O
many	O
Lisp	B-Language
files	O
to	O
a	O
standalone	O
executable	O
;	O
speed	O
improved	O
from	O
10x	O
to	O
20x	O
2007	O
8.7	O
Changes	O
to	O
match	O
ISO/IEC	O
13816:2007(E )	O
revision	O
2010	O
9.2	O
Native	O
integer	O
arbitrary-precision	B-Algorithm
arithmetic	I-Algorithm
support	O
2021	O
11.2	O
Added	O
complete	O
CLtL	O
format	O
extension	O
;	O
improve	O
heap	O
detection	O
2022	O
11.4	O
Rework	O
of	O
activation	O
blocks	O
makes	O
interpreter	B-Application
around	O
15%	O
faster	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Improved	O
regex	B-Language
internal	O
module	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenLisp	B-Language
claims	O
to	O
be	O
extremely	O
portable	O
,	O
it	O
runs	O
on	O
many	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
including	O
:	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
most	O
Unix	B-Application
and	O
POSIX	O
based	O
(	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
NetBSD	B-Device
,	O
Solaris	B-Application
,	O
HP-UX	B-Application
,	O
AIX	B-Application
,	O
Cygwin	B-Language
,	O
QNX	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
DOS	B-Device
,	O
OS/2	B-Application
,	O
Pocket	B-Device
PC	I-Device
,	O
OpenVMS	B-Operating_System
,	O
z/OS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenLisp	B-Language
can	O
interact	O
with	O
modules	O
written	O
in	O
C	B-Language
using	O
foreign	B-Application
function	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
FFI	O
)	O
,	O
ISLISP	B-Language
streams	O
are	O
extended	O
to	O
support	O
network	B-Protocol
socket	I-Protocol
(./	O
net	O
directory	O
includes	O
samples	O
for	O
Hypertext	B-Protocol
Transfer	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
http	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
JavaScript	B-General_Concept
Object	I-General_Concept
Notation	I-General_Concept
(	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
Post	B-Protocol
Office	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
3	O
(	O
POP3	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
Simple	B-Protocol
Mail	I-Protocol
Transfer	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
SMTP	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
Telnet	B-Protocol
,	O
Rss	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
simplified	O
Extensible	B-Protocol
Markup	I-Protocol
Language	I-Protocol
(	O
XML	B-Protocol
)	O
reader	O
can	O
convert	O
XML	B-Protocol
to	O
Lisp	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
basic	O
SQL	B-Language
module	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
MySQL	B-Application
,	O
Odbc	B-Application
,	O
SQLite	B-Language
,	O
PostgreSQL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developer	O
tools	O
include	O
data	O
logging	O
,	O
pretty-printer	O
,	O
profiler	O
,	O
design	B-Application
by	I-Application
contract	I-Application
programming	O
,	O
and	O
unit	O
tests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
well	O
known	O
algorithms	O
are	O
available	O
in	O
./contrib	O
directory	O
(	O
Dantzig	O
's	O
simplex	B-Algorithm
algorithm	I-Algorithm
,	O
Dijkstra	B-Algorithm
's	I-Algorithm
algorithm	I-Algorithm
,	O
Ford	B-Algorithm
–	I-Algorithm
Fulkerson	I-Algorithm
algorithm	I-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modules	O
are	O
shipped	O
using	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
licenses	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
prefix	O
Open	O
refers	O
to	O
open	B-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
not	O
to	O
the	O
open-source	B-License
model	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
was	O
chosen	O
in	O
1993	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
MLisp	O
internal	O
code	O
name	O
which	O
was	O
already	O
used	O
by	O
Gosling	B-Operating_System
Emacs	I-Operating_System
(	O
as	O
successor	O
of	O
Mocklisp	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenLisp	B-Language
programming	O
language	O
is	O
different	O
than	O
OpenLISP	B-Language
,	O
a	O
project	O
begun	O
in	O
1997	O
to	O
implement	O
Locator/Identifier	B-Protocol
Separation	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
section	O
describes	O
how	O
a	O
compiler	B-Language
transforms	O
Lisp	B-Language
code	O
to	O
C	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lisp	B-Language
compiler	B-Language
translates	O
Lisp	B-Language
source	O
code	O
to	O
the	O
following	O
intermediate	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Finally	O
,	O
C	B-Language
code	B-Application
generator	I-Application
uses	O
LAP	O
code	O
to	O
translate	O
instructions	O
in	O
C	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenLisp	B-Language
accepts	O
lines	O
having	O
unlimited	O
length	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
been	O
chosen	O
by	O
SDF	O
Public	O
Access	O
Unix	B-Application
System	I-Application
nonprofit	O
public	O
access	O
Unix	B-Application
systems	I-Application
on	O
the	O
Internet	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
programming	O
languages	O
available	O
online	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bricsys	B-Language
uses	O
OpenLisp	B-Language
to	O
implement	O
AutoLISP	B-Algorithm
in	O
its	O
Bricscad	B-Language
computer-aided	B-Application
design	I-Application
(	O
CAD	B-Application
)	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MEVA	O
is	O
entirely	O
written	O
with	O
OpenLisp	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Università	O
degli	O
Studi	O
di	O
Palermo	O
uses	O
OpenLisp	B-Language
to	O
teach	O
Lisp	B-Language
.	O
</s>
