<s>
OpenGL	B-Application
(	O
Open	B-Application
Graphics	I-Application
Library	I-Application
)	O
is	O
a	O
cross-language	B-Language
,	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
API	B-Application
)	O
for	O
rendering	O
2D	O
and	O
3D	O
vector	O
graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
API	B-Application
is	O
typically	O
used	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
a	O
graphics	B-Architecture
processing	I-Architecture
unit	I-Architecture
(	O
GPU	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
to	O
achieve	O
hardware-accelerated	B-General_Concept
rendering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Silicon	O
Graphics	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
(	O
SGI	O
)	O
began	O
developing	O
OpenGL	B-Application
in	O
1991	O
and	O
released	O
it	O
on	O
June	O
30	O
,	O
1992	O
;	O
applications	O
use	O
it	O
extensively	O
in	O
the	O
fields	O
of	O
computer-aided	B-Application
design	I-Application
(	O
CAD	B-Application
)	O
,	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
,	O
scientific	B-Application
visualization	I-Application
,	O
information	O
visualization	O
,	O
flight	B-Application
simulation	I-Application
,	O
and	O
video	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2006	O
,	O
OpenGL	B-Application
has	O
been	O
managed	O
by	O
the	O
non-profit	O
technology	O
consortium	B-Application
Khronos	B-Library
Group	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpenGL	B-Application
specification	O
describes	O
an	O
abstract	O
API	B-Application
for	O
drawing	O
2D	O
and	O
3D	O
graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
for	O
the	O
API	B-Application
to	O
be	O
implemented	O
entirely	O
in	O
software	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
implemented	O
mostly	O
or	O
entirely	O
in	B-General_Concept
hardware	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
API	B-Application
is	O
defined	O
as	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
functions	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
called	O
by	O
the	O
client	O
program	O
,	O
alongside	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
named	B-Language
integer	I-Language
constants	I-Language
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
constant	O
GL_TEXTURE_2D	O
,	O
which	O
corresponds	O
to	O
the	O
decimal	B-Application
number	O
3553	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
function	O
definitions	O
are	O
superficially	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
programming	B-Language
language	I-Language
C	I-Language
,	O
they	O
are	O
language-independent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
such	O
,	O
OpenGL	B-Application
has	O
many	O
language	B-Application
bindings	I-Application
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
noteworthy	O
being	O
the	O
JavaScript	B-Language
binding	O
WebGL	B-Library
(	O
API	B-Application
,	O
based	O
on	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
2.0	O
,	O
for	O
3D	O
rendering	O
from	O
within	O
a	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
)	O
;	O
the	O
C	B-Language
bindings	O
WGL	B-Library
,	O
GLX	B-Device
and	O
CGL	B-Library
;	O
the	O
C	B-Language
binding	O
provided	O
by	O
iOS	B-Application
;	O
and	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
and	O
C	B-Language
bindings	O
provided	O
by	O
Android	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
being	O
language-independent	O
,	O
OpenGL	B-Application
is	O
also	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
specification	O
says	O
nothing	O
on	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
obtaining	O
and	O
managing	O
an	O
OpenGL	B-Application
context	O
,	O
leaving	O
this	O
as	O
a	O
detail	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
windowing	B-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
same	O
reason	O
,	O
OpenGL	B-Application
is	O
purely	O
concerned	O
with	O
rendering	O
,	O
providing	O
no	O
APIs	B-Application
related	O
to	O
input	O
,	O
audio	O
,	O
or	O
windowing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenGL	B-Application
is	O
no	O
longer	O
in	O
active	O
development	O
:	O
whereas	O
between	O
2001	O
and	O
2014	O
OpenGL	B-Application
specification	O
was	O
updated	O
mostly	O
on	O
a	O
yearly	O
basis	O
,	O
with	O
two	O
releases	O
(	O
3.1	O
and	O
3.2	O
)	O
taking	O
place	O
in	O
2009	O
and	O
three	O
(	O
3.3	O
,	O
4.0	O
and	O
4.1	O
)	O
in	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
latest	O
OpenGL	B-Application
specification	O
4.6	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
2017	O
,	O
after	O
a	O
three-year	O
break	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
limited	O
to	O
inclusion	O
of	O
eleven	O
existing	O
ARB	B-Language
and	O
EXT	O
extensions	O
into	O
the	O
core	O
profile	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Active	O
development	O
of	O
OpenGL	B-Application
was	O
dropped	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
Vulkan	B-Application
API	I-Application
released	O
in	O
2016	O
and	O
codenamed	O
glNext	B-Application
during	O
initial	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2017	O
,	O
Khronos	B-Library
Group	I-Library
announced	O
that	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
will	O
not	O
have	O
new	O
versions	O
and	O
has	O
since	O
concentrated	O
on	O
development	O
of	O
Vulkan	B-Application
and	O
other	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
certain	O
capabilities	O
offered	O
by	O
modern	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
ray	B-Algorithm
tracing	I-Algorithm
,	O
are	O
not	O
supported	O
by	O
OpenGL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
OpenGL	B-Application
specifications	O
are	O
released	O
by	O
the	B-Library
Khronos	I-Library
Group	I-Library
,	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
extends	O
the	O
API	B-Application
to	O
support	O
various	O
new	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
details	O
of	O
each	O
version	O
are	O
decided	O
by	O
consensus	O
between	O
the	O
Group	O
's	O
members	O
,	O
including	O
graphics	O
card	O
manufacturers	O
,	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
designers	O
,	O
and	O
general	O
technology	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
and	O
Google	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
features	O
required	O
by	O
the	O
core	O
API	B-Application
,	O
graphics	B-Architecture
processing	I-Architecture
unit	I-Architecture
(	O
GPU	B-Architecture
)	O
vendors	O
may	O
provide	O
additional	O
functionality	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
extensions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Extensions	O
may	O
introduce	O
new	O
functions	O
and	O
new	O
constants	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
relax	O
or	O
remove	O
restrictions	O
on	O
existing	O
OpenGL	B-Application
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vendors	O
can	O
use	O
extensions	O
to	O
expose	O
custom	O
APIs	B-Application
without	O
needing	O
support	O
from	O
other	O
vendors	O
or	O
the	B-Library
Khronos	I-Library
Group	I-Library
as	O
a	O
whole	O
,	O
which	O
greatly	O
increases	O
the	O
flexibility	O
of	O
OpenGL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
extensions	O
are	O
collected	O
in	O
,	O
and	O
defined	O
by	O
,	O
the	O
OpenGL	B-Application
Registry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
multiple	O
vendors	O
agree	O
to	O
implement	O
the	O
same	O
functionality	O
using	O
the	O
same	O
API	B-Application
,	O
a	O
shared	O
extension	O
may	O
be	O
released	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
identifier	O
EXT	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
such	O
cases	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
also	O
happen	O
that	O
the	B-Library
Khronos	I-Library
Group	I-Library
's	O
Architecture	O
Review	O
Board	O
gives	O
the	O
extension	O
their	O
explicit	O
approval	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
case	O
the	O
identifier	O
ARB	B-Language
is	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
features	O
introduced	O
by	O
each	O
new	O
version	O
of	O
OpenGL	B-Application
are	O
typically	O
formed	O
from	O
the	O
combined	O
features	O
of	O
several	O
widely	O
implemented	O
extensions	O
,	O
especially	O
extensions	O
of	O
type	O
ARB	B-Language
or	O
EXT	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpenGL	B-Application
Architecture	O
Review	O
Board	O
released	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
manuals	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
specification	O
which	O
have	O
been	O
updated	O
to	O
track	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenGL	B-Application
Programming	O
Guide	O
,	O
9th	O
Edition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenGL	B-Language
Shading	I-Language
Language	I-Language
,	O
3rd	O
edition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
tutorial	O
and	O
reference	O
book	O
for	O
GLSL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Historic	O
books	O
(	O
pre-OpenGL	O
2.0	O
)	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
OpenGL	B-Application
Programming	O
for	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
book	O
about	O
X11	B-Operating_System
interfacing	O
and	O
OpenGL	B-Library
Utility	I-Library
Toolkit	I-Library
(	O
GLUT	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenGL	B-Application
Reference	O
manual	O
,	O
4th	O
edition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Essentially	O
a	O
hard-copy	O
printout	O
of	O
the	O
Unix	B-Protocol
manual	I-Protocol
(	O
man	O
)	O
pages	O
for	O
OpenGL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Includes	O
a	O
poster-sized	O
fold-out	O
diagram	O
showing	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
an	O
idealised	O
OpenGL	B-Application
implementation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenGL	B-Application
Programming	O
for	O
Windows	O
95	O
and	O
Windows	O
NT	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
book	O
about	O
interfacing	O
OpenGL	B-Application
with	O
Microsoft	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenGL	B-Application
's	O
documentation	O
is	O
also	O
accessible	O
via	O
its	O
official	O
webpage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
earliest	O
versions	O
of	O
OpenGL	B-Application
were	O
released	O
with	O
a	O
companion	O
library	O
called	O
the	O
OpenGL	B-Library
Utility	I-Library
Library	I-Library
(	O
GLU	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
provided	O
simple	O
,	O
useful	O
features	O
which	O
were	O
unlikely	O
to	O
be	O
supported	O
in	O
contemporary	O
hardware	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
tessellating	B-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
generating	O
mipmaps	B-Data_Structure
and	O
primitive	B-Algorithm
shapes	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GLU	O
specification	O
was	O
last	O
updated	O
in	O
1998	O
and	O
depends	O
on	O
OpenGL	B-Application
features	O
which	O
are	O
now	O
deprecated	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Given	O
that	O
creating	O
an	O
OpenGL	B-Application
context	O
is	O
quite	O
a	O
complex	O
process	O
,	O
and	O
given	O
that	O
it	O
varies	O
between	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
,	O
automatic	O
OpenGL	B-Application
context	O
creation	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
common	O
feature	O
of	O
several	O
game-development	O
and	O
user-interface	O
libraries	B-Library
,	O
including	O
SDL	B-Operating_System
,	O
Allegro	B-Language
,	O
SFML	B-Language
,	O
FLTK	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Qt	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
few	O
libraries	B-Library
have	O
been	O
designed	O
solely	O
to	O
produce	O
an	O
OpenGL-capable	O
window	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
such	O
library	O
was	O
OpenGL	B-Library
Utility	I-Library
Toolkit	I-Library
(	O
GLUT	O
)	O
,	O
later	O
superseded	O
by	O
freeglut	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
GLFW	B-Language
is	O
a	O
newer	O
alternative	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
toolkits	O
are	O
designed	O
to	O
create	O
and	O
manage	O
OpenGL	B-Application
windows	O
,	O
and	O
manage	O
input	O
,	O
but	O
little	O
beyond	O
that	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenGL	B-Library
Utility	I-Library
Toolkit	I-Library
(	O
GLUT	O
)	O
–	O
An	O
old	O
windowing	O
handler	O
,	O
no	O
longer	O
maintained	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Qt	B-Language
–	O
A	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
C++	O
widget	O
toolkit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Given	O
the	O
high	O
workload	O
involved	O
in	O
identifying	O
and	O
loading	O
OpenGL	B-Application
extensions	O
,	O
a	O
few	O
libraries	B-Library
have	O
been	O
designed	O
which	O
load	O
all	O
available	O
extensions	O
and	O
functions	O
automatically	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
include	O
OpenGL	B-Application
Easy	O
Extension	O
library	O
(	O
GLEE	O
)	O
,	O
OpenGL	B-Application
Extension	O
Wrangler	O
Library	O
(	O
GLEW	O
)	O
and	O
glbinding	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Extensions	O
are	O
also	O
loaded	O
automatically	O
by	O
most	O
language	B-Application
bindings	I-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
JOGL	B-Language
and	O
PyOpenGL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mesa	B-Application
3D	I-Application
is	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
implementation	O
of	O
OpenGL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
do	O
pure	O
software	O
rendering	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
may	O
also	O
use	O
hardware	B-General_Concept
acceleration	I-General_Concept
on	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
and	O
other	O
platforms	O
by	O
taking	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
Direct	B-Application
Rendering	I-Application
Infrastructure	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
version	O
20.0	O
,	O
it	O
implements	O
version	O
4.6	O
of	O
the	O
OpenGL	B-Application
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
IRIS	B-Library
GL	I-Library
API	B-Application
became	O
the	O
industry	O
standard	O
,	O
used	O
more	O
widely	O
than	O
the	O
open	O
standards-based	O
PHIGS	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
because	O
IRIS	B-Library
GL	I-Library
was	O
considered	O
easier	O
to	O
use	O
,	O
and	O
because	O
it	O
supported	O
immediate	O
mode	O
rendering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
contrast	O
,	O
PHIGS	B-Library
was	O
considered	O
difficult	O
to	O
use	O
and	O
outdated	O
in	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SGI	O
's	O
competitors	O
(	O
including	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
,	O
Hewlett-Packard	O
and	O
IBM	O
)	O
were	O
also	O
able	O
to	O
bring	O
to	O
market	O
3D	O
hardware	O
supported	O
by	O
extensions	O
made	O
to	O
the	O
PHIGS	B-Library
standard	O
,	O
which	O
pressured	O
SGI	O
to	O
open	O
source	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
IRIS	B-Library
GL	I-Library
as	O
a	O
public	O
standard	O
called	O
OpenGL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
SGI	O
had	O
many	O
customers	O
for	O
whom	O
the	O
change	O
from	O
IRIS	B-Library
GL	I-Library
to	O
OpenGL	B-Application
would	O
demand	O
significant	O
investment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moreover	O
,	O
IRIS	B-Library
GL	I-Library
had	O
API	B-Application
functions	I-Application
that	O
were	O
irrelevant	O
to	O
3D	O
graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
it	O
included	O
a	O
windowing	O
,	O
keyboard	O
and	O
mouse	O
API	B-Application
,	O
in	O
part	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
developed	O
before	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
and	O
Sun	O
's	O
NeWS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
And	O
,	O
IRIS	B-Library
GL	I-Library
libraries	B-Library
were	O
unsuitable	O
for	O
opening	O
due	O
to	O
licensing	O
and	O
patent	O
issues	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
factors	O
required	O
SGI	O
to	O
continue	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
advanced	O
and	O
proprietary	O
Iris	B-Application
Inventor	I-Application
and	O
Iris	B-Library
Performer	I-Library
programming	O
APIs	B-Application
while	O
market	O
support	O
for	O
OpenGL	B-Application
matured	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
restrictions	O
of	O
IRIS	B-Library
GL	I-Library
was	O
that	O
it	O
only	O
provided	O
access	O
to	O
features	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
underlying	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenGL	B-Application
overcame	O
this	O
problem	O
by	O
providing	O
software	O
implementations	O
of	O
features	O
unsupported	O
by	O
hardware	O
,	O
allowing	O
applications	O
to	O
use	O
advanced	O
graphics	O
on	O
relatively	O
low-powered	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenGL	B-Application
standardized	O
access	O
to	O
hardware	O
,	O
pushed	O
the	O
development	O
responsibility	O
of	O
hardware	O
interface	O
programs	O
(	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
)	O
to	O
hardware	O
manufacturers	O
,	O
and	O
delegated	O
windowing	O
functions	O
to	O
the	O
underlying	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1992	O
,	O
SGI	O
led	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
the	O
OpenGL	B-Application
Architecture	O
Review	O
Board	O
(	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ARB	B-Language
)	O
,	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
companies	O
that	O
would	O
maintain	O
and	O
expand	O
the	O
OpenGL	B-Application
specification	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1994	O
,	O
SGI	O
played	O
with	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
releasing	O
something	O
called	O
"	O
OpenGL++	B-Library
"	O
which	O
included	O
elements	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
scene-graph	O
API	B-Application
(	O
presumably	O
based	O
on	O
their	O
Performer	B-Library
technology	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1996	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
released	O
Direct3D	B-Application
,	O
which	O
eventually	O
became	O
the	O
main	O
competitor	O
of	O
OpenGL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Over	O
50	O
game	O
developers	O
signed	O
an	O
open	O
letter	O
to	O
Microsoft	O
,	O
released	O
on	O
June	O
12	O
,	O
1997	O
,	O
calling	O
on	O
the	O
company	O
to	O
actively	O
support	O
OpenGL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
17	O
,	O
1997	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
and	O
SGI	O
initiated	O
the	O
Fahrenheit	B-Library
project	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
joint	O
effort	O
with	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
unifying	O
the	O
OpenGL	B-Application
and	O
Direct3D	B-Application
interfaces	O
(	O
and	O
adding	O
a	O
scene-graph	O
API	B-Application
too	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
initially	O
showed	O
some	O
promise	O
of	O
bringing	O
order	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
of	O
interactive	O
3D	O
computer	O
graphics	O
APIs	B-Application
,	O
but	O
on	O
account	O
of	O
financial	O
constraints	O
at	O
SGI	O
,	O
strategic	O
reasons	O
at	O
Microsoft	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
general	O
lack	O
of	O
industry	O
support	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
abandoned	O
in	O
1999	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2006	O
,	O
the	O
OpenGL	B-Application
Architecture	O
Review	O
Board	O
voted	O
to	O
transfer	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
OpenGL	B-Application
API	B-Application
standard	O
to	O
the	B-Library
Khronos	I-Library
Group	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2018	O
,	O
Apple	O
deprecated	B-General_Concept
OpenGL	B-Application
APIs	B-Application
on	O
all	O
of	O
their	O
platforms	O
(	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
macOS	B-Application
and	O
tvOS	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
strongly	O
encouraging	O
developers	O
to	O
use	O
their	O
proprietary	O
Metal	B-Library
API	I-Library
,	O
which	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
id	O
Software	O
has	O
been	O
using	O
OpenGL	B-Application
in	O
their	O
games	O
starting	O
with	O
GLQuake	O
(	O
port	O
of	O
Quake	O
to	O
OpenGL	B-Application
with	O
a	O
few	O
modifications	O
)	O
released	O
in	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
's	O
first	O
licensed	O
engine	O
with	O
OpenGL	B-Application
support	O
was	O
Quake	B-Application
II	I-Application
engine	I-Application
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
id	B-Application
Tech	I-Application
2	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
they	O
released	O
an	O
update	O
for	O
the	O
id	B-Operating_System
Tech	I-Operating_System
6	I-Operating_System
that	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
Vulkan	B-Application
,	O
a	O
successor	O
to	O
OpenGL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
ID	B-Operating_System
Tech	I-Operating_System
7	I-Operating_System
eliminated	O
support	O
for	O
OpenGL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2023	O
,	O
Valve	O
removed	O
OpenGL	B-Application
support	O
from	O
Dota	B-Application
2	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Khronos	B-Library
has	O
stopped	O
providing	O
support	O
in	O
OpenGL	B-Application
for	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
modern	O
graphics	O
technologies	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Ray	B-Algorithm
Tracing	I-Algorithm
,	O
video	O
decoding	O
on	O
GPU	B-Architecture
,	O
anti-aliasing	O
algorithm	O
with	O
deep	B-Algorithm
learning	I-Algorithm
–	O
AMD	O
FidelityFX	O
Super	O
Resolution(FSR )	O
and	O
Nvidia	O
DLSS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Atypical	O
Games	O
,	O
with	O
support	O
from	O
Samsung	O
,	O
updated	O
their	O
game	O
engine	O
to	O
use	O
Vulkan	B-Application
,	O
rather	O
than	O
OpenGL	B-Application
,	O
across	O
all	O
non-Apple	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Stadia	B-Application
and	O
Fuchsia	B-Language
OS	I-Language
use	O
Vulkan	B-Application
as	O
the	O
native	O
graphics	O
API	B-Application
and	O
require	O
Vulkan-conformant	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fuchsia	B-Language
intends	O
to	O
support	O
OpenGL	B-Application
on	O
top	O
of	O
Vulkan	B-Application
by	O
means	O
of	O
ANGLE	B-Language
translation	O
layer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
OpenGL	B-Application
,	O
version	O
1.0	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
June	O
30	O
,	O
1992	O
,	O
by	O
Mark	O
Segal	O
and	O
Kurt	O
Akeley	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
then	O
,	O
OpenGL	B-Application
has	O
occasionally	O
been	O
extended	O
by	O
releasing	O
a	O
new	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
new	O
version	O
of	O
OpenGL	B-Application
tends	O
to	O
incorporate	O
several	O
extensions	O
which	O
have	O
widespread	O
support	O
among	O
graphics-card	O
vendors	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
details	O
of	O
those	O
extensions	O
may	O
be	O
changed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenGL	B-Application
2.0	O
was	O
originally	O
conceived	O
by	O
3Dlabs	O
to	O
address	O
concerns	O
that	O
OpenGL	B-Application
was	O
stagnating	O
and	O
lacked	O
a	O
strong	O
direction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
these	O
were	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
rejected	O
by	O
the	O
ARB	B-Language
or	O
otherwise	O
never	O
came	O
to	O
fruition	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
that	O
3Dlabs	O
proposed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
their	O
proposal	O
for	O
a	O
C-style	O
shading	O
language	O
was	O
eventually	O
completed	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
current	O
formulation	O
of	O
the	O
OpenGL	B-Language
Shading	I-Language
Language	I-Language
(	O
GLSL	B-Language
or	O
GLslang	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
the	O
assembly-like	O
shading	O
languages	O
it	O
was	O
replacing	O
,	O
it	O
allowed	O
replacing	O
the	O
fixed-function	O
vertex	O
and	O
fragment	O
pipe	O
with	O
shaders	O
,	O
though	O
this	O
time	O
written	O
in	O
a	O
C-like	O
high-level	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
design	O
of	O
GLSL	B-Language
was	O
notable	O
for	O
making	O
relatively	O
few	O
concessions	O
to	O
the	O
limits	O
of	O
the	O
hardware	O
then	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
harked	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
earlier	O
tradition	O
of	O
OpenGL	B-Application
setting	O
an	O
ambitious	O
,	O
forward-looking	O
target	O
for	O
3D	B-Architecture
accelerators	I-Architecture
rather	O
than	O
merely	O
tracking	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
currently	O
available	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
final	O
OpenGL	B-Application
2.0	O
specification	O
includes	O
support	O
for	O
GLSL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
OpenGL	B-Application
3.0	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
revision	O
had	O
the	O
codename	O
Longs	O
Peak	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
its	O
original	O
announcement	O
,	O
Longs	O
Peak	O
was	O
presented	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
major	O
API	B-Application
revision	O
in	O
OpenGL	B-Application
's	O
lifetime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
consisted	O
of	O
an	O
overhaul	O
to	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
OpenGL	B-Application
works	O
,	O
calling	O
for	O
fundamental	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GL	O
2.1	O
object	O
model	O
was	O
built	O
upon	O
the	O
state-based	O
design	O
of	O
OpenGL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
OpenGL	B-Application
's	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
state	O
system	O
,	O
objects	O
must	O
be	O
mutable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
basic	O
structure	O
of	O
an	O
object	O
can	O
change	O
at	O
any	O
time	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
rendering	B-General_Concept
pipeline	I-General_Concept
is	O
asynchronously	O
using	O
that	O
object	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
requires	O
any	O
OpenGL	B-Application
implementations	O
to	O
add	O
a	O
degree	O
of	O
complexity	O
to	O
internal	O
object	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
the	O
Longs	O
Peak	O
API	B-Application
,	O
object	O
creation	O
would	O
become	O
atomic	B-General_Concept
,	O
using	O
templates	O
to	O
define	O
the	O
properties	O
of	O
an	O
object	O
which	O
would	O
be	O
created	O
with	O
one	O
function	O
call	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
support	O
backwards	O
compatibility	O
,	O
the	O
old	O
state	O
based	O
API	B-Application
would	O
still	O
be	O
available	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
new	O
functionality	O
would	O
be	O
exposed	O
via	O
the	O
old	O
API	B-Application
in	O
later	O
versions	O
of	O
OpenGL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
would	O
have	O
allowed	O
legacy	O
code	O
bases	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
CAD	B-Application
products	O
,	O
to	O
continue	O
to	O
run	O
while	O
other	O
software	O
could	O
be	O
written	O
against	O
or	O
ported	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Longs	O
Peak	O
was	O
initially	O
due	O
to	O
be	O
finalized	O
in	O
September	O
2007	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
OpenGL	B-Application
3.0	O
,	O
but	O
the	B-Library
Khronos	I-Library
Group	I-Library
announced	O
on	O
October	O
30	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
run	O
into	O
several	O
issues	O
that	O
it	O
wished	O
to	O
address	O
before	O
releasing	O
the	O
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
the	O
spec	O
was	O
delayed	O
,	O
and	O
the	B-Library
Khronos	I-Library
Group	I-Library
went	O
into	O
a	O
media	O
blackout	O
until	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
final	O
OpenGL	B-Application
3.0	O
spec	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
of	O
removing	O
all	O
immediate	O
mode	O
and	O
fixed	O
functionality	O
(	O
non-shader	O
mode	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
spec	O
included	O
them	O
as	O
deprecated	B-General_Concept
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
the	O
API	B-Application
remained	O
largely	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
a	O
few	O
existing	O
extensions	O
being	O
promoted	O
to	O
core	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Among	O
some	O
developer	O
groups	O
this	O
decision	O
caused	O
something	O
of	O
an	O
uproar	O
,	O
with	O
many	O
developers	O
professing	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
switch	O
to	O
DirectX	B-Application
in	O
protest	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
complaints	O
revolved	O
around	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
communication	O
by	O
Khronos	B-Library
to	O
the	O
development	O
community	O
and	O
multiple	O
features	O
being	O
discarded	O
that	O
were	O
viewed	O
favorably	O
by	O
many	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
frustrations	O
included	O
the	O
requirement	O
of	O
DirectX	B-Application
10	I-Application
level	O
hardware	O
to	O
use	O
OpenGL	B-Application
3.0	O
and	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
geometry	O
shaders	O
and	O
instanced	O
rendering	O
as	O
core	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenGL	B-Application
3.0	O
introduced	O
a	O
deprecation	B-General_Concept
mechanism	O
to	O
simplify	O
future	O
revisions	O
of	O
the	O
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Certain	O
features	O
,	O
marked	O
as	O
deprecated	B-General_Concept
,	O
could	O
be	O
completely	O
disabled	O
by	O
requesting	O
a	O
forward-compatible	O
context	O
from	O
the	O
windowing	B-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenGL	B-Application
3.0	O
features	O
could	O
still	O
be	O
accessed	O
alongside	O
these	O
deprecated	B-General_Concept
features	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
by	O
requesting	O
a	O
full	O
context	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Deprecated	B-General_Concept
features	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
OpenGL	B-Application
3.1	O
fully	O
removed	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
features	O
which	O
were	O
deprecated	B-General_Concept
in	O
version	O
3.0	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
wide	O
lines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
this	O
version	O
onwards	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
possible	O
to	O
access	O
new	O
features	O
using	O
a	O
full	O
context	O
,	O
or	O
to	O
access	O
deprecated	B-General_Concept
features	O
using	O
a	O
forward-compatible	O
context	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hardware	O
:	O
Mesa	B-Application
supports	O
ARM	O
Panfrost	O
with	O
Version	O
21.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenGL	B-Application
3.2	O
further	O
built	O
on	O
the	O
deprecation	B-General_Concept
mechanisms	O
introduced	O
by	O
OpenGL	B-Application
3.0	O
,	O
by	O
dividing	O
the	O
specification	O
into	O
a	O
core	O
profile	O
and	O
compatibility	O
profile	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compatibility	O
contexts	O
include	O
the	O
previously	O
removed	O
fixed-function	O
APIs	B-Application
,	O
equivalent	O
to	O
the	O
ARB_compatibility	O
extension	O
released	O
alongside	O
OpenGL	B-Application
3.1	O
,	O
while	O
core	O
contexts	O
do	O
not	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenGL	B-Application
3.2	O
also	O
included	O
an	O
upgrade	O
to	O
GLSL	B-Language
version	O
1.50	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mesa	B-Application
supports	O
software	B-Application
Driver	I-Application
SWR	O
,	O
softpipe	O
and	O
for	O
older	O
Nvidia	O
cards	O
with	O
NV50	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenGL	B-Application
4.0	O
was	O
released	O
alongside	O
version	O
3.3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
designed	O
for	O
hardware	O
able	O
to	O
support	O
Direct3D	B-Application
11	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
in	O
OpenGL	B-Application
3.0	O
,	O
this	O
version	O
of	O
OpenGL	B-Application
contains	O
a	O
high	O
number	O
of	O
fairly	O
inconsequential	O
extensions	O
,	O
designed	O
to	O
thoroughly	O
expose	O
the	O
abilities	O
of	O
Direct3D	B-Application
11-class	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hardware	O
support	O
:	O
Nvidia	B-Application
GeForce	I-Application
400	O
series	O
and	O
newer	O
,	O
AMD	O
Radeon	O
HD	O
5000	O
Series	O
and	O
newer	O
(	O
FP64	O
shaders	O
implemented	O
by	O
emulation	O
on	O
some	O
TeraScale	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
Intel	B-Application
HD	I-Application
Graphics	I-Application
in	O
Intel	B-Device
Ivy	I-Device
Bridge	I-Device
processors	O
and	O
newer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hardware	O
support	O
:	O
Nvidia	B-Application
GeForce	I-Application
400	O
series	O
and	O
newer	O
,	O
AMD	O
Radeon	O
HD	O
5000	O
Series	O
and	O
newer	O
(	O
FP64	O
shaders	O
implemented	O
by	O
emulation	O
on	O
some	O
TeraScale	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
Intel	B-Application
HD	I-Application
Graphics	I-Application
in	O
Intel	B-Device
Ivy	I-Device
Bridge	I-Device
processors	O
and	O
newer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Minimum	O
"	O
maximum	O
texture	O
size	O
"	O
is	O
16,384	O
×	O
16,384	O
for	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
implementing	O
this	O
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hardware	O
support	O
:	O
Nvidia	B-Application
GeForce	I-Application
400	O
series	O
and	O
newer	O
,	O
AMD	O
Radeon	O
HD	O
5000	O
Series	O
and	O
newer	O
(	O
FP64	O
shaders	O
implemented	O
by	O
emulation	O
on	O
some	O
TeraScale	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
and	O
Intel	B-Application
HD	I-Application
Graphics	I-Application
in	O
Intel	B-Device
Haswell	I-Device
processors	O
and	O
newer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hardware	O
support	O
:	O
AMD	O
Radeon	O
HD	O
5000	O
Series	O
and	O
newer	O
(	O
FP64	O
shaders	O
implemented	O
by	O
emulation	O
on	O
some	O
TeraScale	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
Intel	B-Application
HD	I-Application
Graphics	I-Application
in	O
Intel	B-Device
Haswell	I-Device
processors	O
and	O
newer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Linux	B-Application
Mesa	B-Application
:	O
Ivy	B-Device
Bridge	I-Device
without	O
stencil	O
texturing	O
,	O
Haswell	B-Device
and	O
newer	O
)	O
,	O
Nvidia	B-Application
GeForce	I-Application
400	O
series	O
and	O
newer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VIRGL	O
Emulation	O
for	O
virtual	O
machines	O
supports	O
4.3	O
+	O
with	O
Mesa	B-Application
20	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hardware	O
support	O
:	O
AMD	O
Radeon	O
HD	O
5000	O
Series	O
and	O
newer	O
(	O
FP64	O
shaders	O
implemented	O
by	O
emulation	O
on	O
some	O
TeraScale	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
Intel	B-Application
HD	I-Application
Graphics	I-Application
in	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
Broadwell	I-General_Concept
processors	O
and	O
newer	O
(	O
Linux	B-Application
Mesa	B-Application
:	O
Haswell	B-Device
and	O
newer	O
)	O
,	O
Nvidia	B-Application
GeForce	I-Application
400	O
series	O
and	O
newer	O
,	O
Tegra	O
K1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Robustness	O
–	O
providing	O
a	O
secure	O
platform	O
for	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
WebGL	B-Library
browsers	B-Application
,	O
including	O
preventing	O
a	O
GPU	B-Architecture
reset	O
affecting	O
any	O
other	O
running	O
applications	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
3.1	O
API	B-Application
and	O
shader	O
compatibility	O
–	O
to	O
enable	O
the	O
easy	O
development	O
and	O
execution	O
of	O
the	O
latest	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
applications	O
on	O
desktop	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hardware	O
support	O
:	O
AMD	O
Radeon	O
HD	O
5000	O
Series	O
and	O
newer	O
(	O
FP64	O
shaders	O
implemented	O
by	O
emulation	O
on	O
some	O
TeraScale	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
Intel	B-Application
HD	I-Application
Graphics	I-Application
in	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
Broadwell	I-General_Concept
processors	O
and	O
newer	O
(	O
Linux	B-Application
Mesa	B-Application
:	O
Haswell	B-Device
and	O
newer	O
)	O
,	O
Nvidia	B-Application
GeForce	I-Application
400	O
series	O
and	O
newer	O
,	O
Tegra	O
K1	O
,	O
and	O
Tegra	O
X1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hardware	O
support	O
:	O
AMD	O
Radeon	O
HD	O
7000	O
Series	O
and	O
newer	O
(	O
FP64	O
shaders	O
implemented	O
by	O
emulation	O
on	O
some	O
TeraScale	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
Intel	B-Device
Haswell	I-Device
and	O
newer	O
,	O
Nvidia	B-Application
GeForce	I-Application
400	O
series	O
and	O
newer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mesa	B-Application
19.2	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
supports	O
OpenGL	B-Application
4.6	O
for	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
Broadwell	I-General_Concept
and	O
newer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mesa	B-Application
20.0	O
supports	O
AMD	O
Radeon	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
,	O
while	O
support	O
for	O
Nvidia	O
Kepler+	O
is	O
in	O
progress	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zink	O
as	O
Emulation	O
Driver	O
with	O
21.1	O
and	O
software	B-Application
driver	I-Application
LLVMpipe	O
also	O
support	O
with	O
Mesa	B-Application
21.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMD	O
Adrenalin	O
18.4.1	O
Graphics	O
Driver	O
on	O
Windows	B-Device
7	I-Device
SP1	O
,	O
10	B-Operating_System
version	O
1803	O
(	O
April	O
2018	O
update	O
)	O
for	O
AMD	O
Radeon™	O
HD	O
7700+	O
,	O
HD	O
8500+	O
and	O
newer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
26.20.100.6861	O
graphics	O
driver	O
on	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
NVIDIA	B-Application
GeForce	I-Application
397.31	O
Graphics	O
Driver	O
on	O
Windows	B-Device
7	I-Device
,	O
8	B-Application
,	O
10	B-Operating_System
x86-64	B-Device
bit	O
only	O
,	O
no	O
32-bit	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
deprecated	B-General_Concept
OpenGL	B-Application
in	O
iOS	B-Application
12	O
and	O
macOS	B-Application
10.14	O
Mojave	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
Metal	B-Library
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
available	O
as	O
of	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
13	I-Operating_System
Ventura	O
(	O
including	O
Apple	B-Device
silicon	I-Device
devices	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latest	O
version	O
supported	O
for	O
OpenGL	B-Application
is	O
4.1	O
from	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
proprietary	O
library	O
from	O
Molten	O
–	O
authors	O
of	O
MoltenVK	B-Operating_System
–	O
called	O
MoltenGL	O
,	O
can	O
translate	O
OpenGL	B-Application
calls	O
to	O
Metal	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
several	O
projects	O
which	O
attempt	O
to	O
implement	O
OpenGL	B-Application
on	O
top	O
of	O
Vulkan	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Vulkan	B-Application
backend	O
for	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
ANGLE	B-Language
achieved	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
3.1	O
conformance	O
in	O
July	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Mesa3D	B-Application
project	O
also	O
includes	O
such	O
a	O
driver	O
,	O
called	O
Zink	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vulkan	B-Application
,	O
formerly	O
named	O
the	O
"	O
Next	O
Generation	O
OpenGL	B-Application
Initiative	O
"	O
(	O
glNext	B-Application
)	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
grounds-up	O
redesign	O
effort	O
to	O
unify	O
OpenGL	B-Application
and	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
into	O
one	O
common	O
API	B-Application
that	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
backwards	O
compatible	O
with	O
existing	O
OpenGL	B-Application
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
initial	O
version	O
of	O
Vulkan	B-Application
API	I-Application
was	O
released	O
on	O
February	O
16	O
,	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
