<s>
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
security-focused	O
,	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
,	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
based	O
on	O
the	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Distribution	I-Operating_System
(	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Theo	O
de	O
Raadt	O
created	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
in	O
1995	O
by	O
forking	B-Application
NetBSD	B-Device
1.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
website	O
,	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
project	I-Operating_System
emphasizes	O
"	O
portability	B-Architecture
,	O
standardization	O
,	O
correctness	O
,	O
proactive	O
security	O
and	O
integrated	O
cryptography.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
project	I-Operating_System
maintains	O
portable	B-Architecture
versions	O
of	O
many	O
subsystems	O
as	O
packages	B-Application
for	O
other	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
preferred	O
BSD	B-License
license	I-License
,	O
many	O
components	O
are	O
reused	O
in	O
proprietary	B-Application
and	O
corporate-sponsored	O
software	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
firewall	B-Application
code	O
in	O
Apple	O
's	O
macOS	B-Application
is	O
based	O
on	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
PF	B-Protocol
firewall	I-Protocol
code	O
,	O
Android	B-Application
's	O
Bionic	B-Application
C	B-Language
standard	I-Language
library	I-Language
is	O
based	O
on	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
code	O
,	O
LLVM	B-Application
uses	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
regular	B-Language
expression	I-Language
library	O
,	O
and	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
uses	O
OpenSSH	B-Language
(	O
OpenBSD	B-Language
Secure	I-Language
Shell	I-Language
)	O
with	O
LibreSSL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
word	O
"	O
open	O
"	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
refers	O
to	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
source	O
code	O
on	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
word	O
"	O
open	O
"	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
OpenSSH	B-Language
means	O
"	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
hardware	B-General_Concept
platforms	I-General_Concept
the	O
system	O
supports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
1994	O
,	O
Theo	O
de	O
Raadt	O
,	O
a	O
founding	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
NetBSD	B-Device
project	O
,	O
was	O
asked	O
to	O
resign	O
from	O
the	O
NetBSD	B-Device
core	O
team	O
over	O
disagreements	O
and	O
conflicts	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
NetBSD	B-Device
team	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
1995	O
,	O
De	O
Raadt	O
founded	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
new	O
project	O
forked	O
from	O
NetBSD	B-Device
1.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
initial	O
release	O
,	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
1.2	O
,	O
was	O
made	O
in	O
July	O
1996	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
in	O
October	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
25	O
July	O
2007	O
,	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
developer	O
Bob	O
Beck	O
announced	O
the	O
formation	O
of	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
Foundation	O
,	O
a	O
Canadian	O
non-profit	O
organization	O
formed	O
to	O
"	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
single	O
point	O
of	O
contact	O
for	O
persons	O
and	O
organizations	O
requiring	O
a	O
legal	O
entity	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
when	O
they	O
wish	O
to	O
support	O
OpenBSD.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
hard	O
to	O
determine	O
how	O
widely	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
is	O
used	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
developers	O
do	O
not	O
publish	O
or	O
collect	O
usage	O
statistics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2005	O
,	O
the	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
Certification	O
Group	O
surveyed	O
4330	O
individual	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
users	O
,	O
showing	O
that	O
32.8	O
%	O
used	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
behind	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
with	O
77%	O
,	O
ahead	O
of	O
NetBSD	B-Device
with	O
16.3	O
%	O
and	O
DragonFly	B-Application
BSD	I-Application
with	O
2.6	O
%	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
combined	O
with	O
other	O
factors	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
a	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
a	O
pre-screening	O
process	O
or	O
significant	O
outreach	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
community	O
,	O
makes	O
the	O
survey	O
unreliable	O
for	O
judging	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
usage	O
globally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
features	O
a	O
robust	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
networking	B-Architecture
stack	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
router	B-Protocol
or	O
wireless	B-Device
access	I-Device
point	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
security	B-Application
enhancements	I-Application
,	O
built-in	O
cryptography	O
,	O
and	O
packet	B-Protocol
filter	I-Protocol
make	O
it	O
suitable	O
for	O
security	O
purposes	O
such	O
as	O
firewalls	B-Application
,	O
intrusion-detection	O
systems	O
,	O
and	O
VPN	B-Application
gateways	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
proprietary	B-Application
systems	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
including	O
devices	O
from	O
Armorlogic	O
(	O
Profense	O
web	O
application	O
firewall	B-Application
)	O
,	O
Calyptix	O
Security	O
,	O
GeNUA	O
,	O
RTMX	O
,	O
and	O
.vantronix	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
versions	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Services	O
for	O
UNIX	O
,	O
an	O
extension	O
to	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
to	O
provide	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
functionality	O
,	O
use	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
code	O
base	O
that	O
is	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
Interix	B-Operating_System
interoperability	O
suite	O
,	O
developed	O
by	O
Softway	B-Operating_System
Systems	I-Operating_System
Inc.	O
,	O
which	O
Microsoft	O
acquired	O
in	O
1999	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Core	O
Force	O
,	O
a	O
security	O
product	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
pf	B-Protocol
firewall	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
pf	B-Protocol
firewall	I-Protocol
is	O
also	O
found	O
in	O
other	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
:	O
including	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
macOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
ships	O
with	O
Xenocara	B-Application
,	O
an	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
is	O
suitable	O
as	O
a	O
desktop	B-General_Concept
operating	I-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
for	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
including	O
laptops	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
includes	O
approximately	O
8000	O
packages	B-Application
in	O
its	O
software	B-Application
repository	I-Application
,	O
including	O
desktop	O
environments	O
such	O
as	O
GNOME	B-Application
,	O
Plasma	B-Language
4	I-Language
,	O
and	O
Xfce	B-Language
,	O
and	O
web	O
browsers	O
such	O
as	O
Firefox	B-Application
and	O
Chromium	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
also	O
includes	O
three	O
window	O
managers	O
in	O
the	O
main	O
distribution	O
:	O
cwm	B-Application
,	O
FVWM	B-Device
(	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
default	O
configuration	O
for	O
Xenocara	B-Application
)	O
,	O
and	O
twm	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
features	O
a	O
full	O
server	B-Application
suite	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
configured	O
as	O
a	O
mail	B-Protocol
server	I-Protocol
,	O
web	B-Application
server	I-Application
,	O
FTP	B-Protocol
server	I-Protocol
,	O
DNS	B-Protocol
server	I-Protocol
,	O
router	B-Protocol
,	O
firewall	B-Application
,	O
NFS	B-Protocol
file	B-Application
server	I-Application
,	O
or	O
any	O
combination	O
of	O
these	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
version	O
6.8	O
,	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
has	O
also	O
shipped	O
with	O
native	O
in-kernel	O
WireGuard	B-Application
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shortly	O
after	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
was	O
created	O
,	O
De	O
Raadt	O
was	O
contacted	O
by	O
a	O
local	O
security	O
software	O
company	O
named	O
Secure	O
Networks	O
(	O
later	O
acquired	O
by	O
McAfee	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
coincided	O
with	O
De	O
Raadt	O
's	O
interest	O
in	O
security	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
two	O
cooperated	O
leading	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
2.3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
collaboration	O
helped	O
to	O
define	O
security	O
as	O
the	O
focus	O
of	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
project	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
includes	O
numerous	O
features	O
designed	O
to	O
improve	O
security	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Privilege	O
separation	O
is	O
a	O
technique	O
,	O
pioneered	O
on	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
and	O
inspired	O
by	O
the	O
principle	O
of	O
least	O
privilege	O
,	O
where	O
a	O
program	O
is	O
split	O
into	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
parts	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
which	O
performs	O
privileged	O
operations	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
—	O
almost	O
always	O
the	O
bulk	O
of	O
the	O
code	O
—	O
runs	O
without	O
privilege	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrooting	O
involves	O
restricting	O
an	O
application	O
to	O
one	O
section	O
of	O
the	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
prohibiting	O
it	O
from	O
accessing	O
areas	O
that	O
contain	O
private	O
or	O
system	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developers	O
have	O
applied	O
these	O
enhancements	O
to	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
versions	O
of	O
many	O
common	O
applications	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
tcpdump	B-Protocol
,	O
file	B-Application
,	O
tmux	B-Language
,	O
smtpd	B-Application
,	O
and	O
syslogd	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
developers	O
were	O
instrumental	O
in	O
the	O
creation	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
OpenSSH	B-Language
(	O
aka	O
OpenBSD	B-Language
Secure	I-Language
Shell	I-Language
)	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
developed	O
in	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
CVS	B-Application
repositories	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenBSD	B-Language
Secure	I-Language
Shell	I-Language
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
original	O
SSH	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
first	O
appeared	O
in	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
2.6	O
and	O
is	O
now	O
by	O
far	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
SSH	B-Protocol
client	O
and	O
server	B-Application
,	O
available	O
on	O
many	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
went	O
on	O
to	O
list	O
several	O
typical	O
steps	O
once	O
a	O
bug	O
is	O
found	O
,	O
including	O
examining	O
the	O
entire	O
source	O
tree	O
for	O
the	O
same	O
and	O
similar	O
issues	O
,	O
"try[ing]	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
whether	O
the	O
documentation	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
amended	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
investigating	O
whether	O
"	O
it	O
's	O
possible	O
to	O
augment	O
the	O
compiler	B-Language
to	O
warn	O
against	O
this	O
specific	O
problem.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
website	O
features	O
a	O
prominent	O
reference	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
's	O
security	O
record	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2002	O
,	O
Mark	O
Dowd	O
of	O
Internet	O
Security	O
Systems	O
disclosed	O
a	O
bug	O
in	O
the	O
OpenSSH	B-Language
code	O
implementing	O
challenge	O
–	O
response	O
authentication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
vulnerability	O
in	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
default	O
installation	O
allowed	O
an	O
attacker	O
remote	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
root	B-Application
account	I-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
extremely	O
serious	O
not	O
only	O
to	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
also	O
to	O
the	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
that	O
were	O
using	O
OpenSSH	B-Language
by	O
that	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
problem	O
necessitated	O
the	O
adjustment	O
of	O
the	O
slogan	O
on	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
website	O
to	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
ports	B-Application
tree	I-Application
contains	O
unaudited	O
third-party	B-General_Concept
software	I-General_Concept
,	O
it	O
is	O
easy	O
for	O
users	O
to	O
compromise	O
security	O
by	O
installing	O
or	O
improperly	O
configuring	O
packages	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
fundamental	O
ideas	O
behind	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
drive	O
for	O
systems	O
to	O
be	O
simple	O
,	O
clean	O
,	O
and	O
secure	O
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
default	O
install	O
is	O
quite	O
minimal	O
,	O
which	O
the	O
project	O
states	O
is	O
to	O
ensure	O
novice	O
users	O
"	O
do	O
not	O
need	O
to	O
become	O
security	O
experts	O
overnight	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
fits	O
with	O
open-source	B-Application
and	O
code	O
auditing	O
practices	O
considered	O
important	O
elements	O
of	O
a	O
security	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
11	O
December	O
2010	O
,	O
Gregory	O
Perry	O
,	O
a	O
former	O
technical	O
consultant	O
for	O
the	O
Federal	O
Bureau	O
of	O
Investigation	O
(	O
FBI	O
)	O
,	O
emailed	O
De	O
Raadt	O
alleging	O
that	O
the	O
FBI	O
had	O
paid	O
some	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
ex-developers	O
10	O
years	O
prior	O
to	O
insert	O
backdoors	O
into	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
Cryptographic	O
Framework	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
De	O
Raadt	O
made	O
the	O
email	O
public	O
on	O
14	O
December	O
by	O
forwarding	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
openbsd-tech	O
mailing	O
list	O
and	O
suggested	O
an	O
audit	O
of	O
the	O
IPsec	B-Protocol
codebase	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2017	O
,	O
Ilja	O
van	O
Sprundel	O
,	O
director	O
at	O
IOActive	O
,	O
gave	O
a	O
talk	O
at	O
the	O
CCC	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
DEF	O
CON	O
,	O
entitled	O
"	O
Are	O
all	O
BSDs	B-Operating_System
created	O
equally	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
—	O
A	O
survey	O
of	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
kernel	O
vulnerabilities	O
"	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
he	O
stated	O
that	O
although	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
was	O
the	O
clear	O
winner	O
of	O
the	O
BSDs	B-Operating_System
in	O
terms	O
of	O
security	O
,	O
"	O
Bugs	O
are	O
still	O
easy	O
to	O
find	O
in	O
those	O
kernels	O
,	O
even	O
in	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
years	O
later	O
,	O
in	O
2019	O
,	O
a	O
talk	O
named	O
"	O
A	O
systematic	O
evaluation	O
of	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
mitigations	O
"	O
was	O
given	O
at	O
the	O
CCC	O
,	O
arguing	O
that	O
while	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
has	O
some	O
effective	O
mitigations	O
,	O
a	O
significant	O
part	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
"	O
useless	O
at	O
best	O
and	O
based	O
on	O
pure	O
luck	O
and	O
superstition	O
"	O
,	O
arguing	O
for	O
a	O
more	O
rational	O
approach	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
designing	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Supported	O
platforms	O
and	O
devices	O
are	O
listed	O
in	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
Supported	O
Platforms	O
Notes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
projects	O
started	O
as	O
components	O
of	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
including	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
subsystems	O
have	O
been	O
integrated	O
into	O
other	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
many	O
are	O
available	O
as	O
packages	B-Application
for	O
use	O
in	O
other	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linux	B-Application
administrator	O
Carlos	O
Fenollosa	O
commented	O
on	O
moving	O
from	O
Linux	B-Application
to	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
that	O
the	O
system	O
is	O
faithful	O
to	O
the	B-Operating_System
Unix	I-Operating_System
philosophy	I-Operating_System
of	O
small	O
,	O
simple	O
tools	O
that	O
work	O
together	O
well	O
:	O
"	O
Some	O
base	O
components	O
are	O
not	O
as	O
feature-rich	O
,	O
on	O
purpose	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
99%	O
of	O
the	O
servers	O
do	O
n't	O
need	O
the	O
flexibility	O
of	O
Apache	B-Application
,	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
httpd	O
will	O
work	O
fine	O
,	O
be	O
more	O
secure	O
,	O
and	O
probably	O
faster	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
has	O
its	O
own	O
NTPd	O
,	O
SMTPd	B-Application
and	O
,	O
more	O
recently	O
,	O
HTTPd	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
is	O
relatively	O
prolific	O
in	O
creating	O
components	O
that	O
become	O
widely	O
reused	O
by	O
other	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
runs	O
nearly	O
all	O
of	O
its	O
standard	O
daemons	B-Operating_System
within	O
chroot	B-Application
and	O
privsep	O
security	O
structures	O
by	O
default	O
,	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
hardening	O
the	O
base	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Calgary	O
Internet	O
Exchange	O
was	O
formed	O
in	O
2012	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
to	O
serve	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
project	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2017	O
,	O
Isotop	O
,	O
a	O
french	O
project	O
aiming	O
to	O
adapt	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
to	O
desktops	O
and	O
laptops	O
,	O
using	O
xfce	B-Language
then	O
dwm	B-Language
,	O
started	O
to	O
be	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
includes	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
third-party	B-General_Concept
components	I-General_Concept
,	O
many	O
with	O
OpenBSD-specific	O
patches	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
X.Org	B-Operating_System
,	O
Clang	B-Application
(	O
the	O
default	O
compiler	B-Language
on	O
several	O
architectures	B-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
GCC	B-Application
,	O
Perl	B-Language
,	O
NSD	B-Protocol
,	O
Unbound	B-Protocol
,	O
ncurses	B-Language
,	O
GNU	B-Application
binutils	I-Application
,	O
GDB	B-Language
,	O
and	O
AWK	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Maintenance	O
patches	O
for	O
supported	O
releases	O
may	O
be	O
applied	O
using	O
syspatch	O
,	O
manually	O
or	O
by	O
updating	O
the	O
system	O
against	O
the	O
patch	O
branch	O
of	O
the	O
CVS	B-Application
source	O
repository	O
for	O
that	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alternatively	O
,	O
a	O
system	O
administrator	O
may	O
opt	O
to	O
upgrade	O
to	O
the	O
next	O
snapshot	O
release	O
using	O
sysupgrade	O
,	O
or	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
branch	O
of	O
the	O
CVS	B-Application
repository	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
gain	O
pre-release	O
access	O
to	O
recently	O
added	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
generic	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
kernel	O
provided	O
by	O
default	O
is	O
strongly	O
recommended	O
for	O
end	O
users	O
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
that	O
recommend	O
user	O
kernel	O
customization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Packages	B-Application
outside	O
the	O
base	O
system	O
are	O
maintained	O
by	O
CVS	B-Application
through	O
a	O
ports	B-Application
tree	I-Application
and	O
are	O
the	O
responsibility	O
of	O
the	O
individual	O
maintainers	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
porters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
well	O
as	O
keeping	O
the	O
current	O
branch	O
up	O
to	O
date	O
,	O
porters	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
apply	O
appropriate	O
bug-fixes	O
and	O
maintenance	O
fixes	O
to	O
branches	O
of	O
their	O
package	O
for	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
supported	O
releases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Binary	O
packages	B-Application
are	O
built	O
centrally	O
from	O
the	O
ports	B-Application
tree	I-Application
for	O
each	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Administrators	O
are	O
recommended	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
package	O
mechanism	O
rather	O
than	O
build	O
the	O
package	O
from	O
the	O
ports	B-Application
tree	I-Application
,	O
unless	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
perform	O
their	O
own	O
source	O
changes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
developers	O
regularly	O
meet	O
at	O
special	O
events	O
called	O
hackathons	O
,	O
where	O
they	O
"	O
sit	O
down	O
and	O
code	O
"	O
,	O
emphasizing	O
productivity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
is	O
known	O
for	O
its	O
high-quality	O
documentation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
was	O
created	O
,	O
De	O
Raadt	O
decided	O
that	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
should	O
be	O
available	O
for	O
anyone	O
to	O
read	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chuck	O
Cranor	O
and	O
De	O
Raadt	O
concluded	O
this	O
practice	O
was	O
"	O
counter	O
to	O
the	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
philosophy	O
"	O
and	O
inconvenient	O
to	O
potential	O
contributors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Together	O
,	O
Cranor	O
and	O
De	O
Raadt	O
set	O
up	O
the	O
first	O
public	O
,	O
anonymous	O
revision	B-Architecture
control	I-Architecture
system	I-Architecture
server	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
is	O
notable	O
for	O
its	O
continued	O
use	O
of	O
CVS	B-Application
(	O
more	O
precisely	O
an	O
unreleased	O
,	O
OpenBSD-managed	O
fork	B-Application
named	O
OpenCVS	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
when	O
most	O
other	O
projects	O
that	O
used	O
it	O
have	O
migrated	O
to	O
other	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
does	O
not	O
include	O
closed	B-Application
source	I-Application
binary	O
drivers	O
in	O
the	O
source	O
tree	O
,	O
nor	O
do	O
they	O
include	O
code	O
requiring	O
the	O
signing	O
of	O
non-disclosure	O
agreements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
is	O
based	O
in	O
Canada	O
,	O
no	O
United	O
States	O
export	O
restrictions	O
on	O
cryptography	O
apply	O
,	O
allowing	O
the	O
distribution	O
to	O
make	O
full	O
use	O
of	O
modern	O
algorithms	O
for	O
encryption	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
randomizes	O
various	O
behaviors	O
of	O
applications	O
,	O
making	O
them	O
less	O
predictable	O
and	O
thus	O
more	O
difficult	O
to	O
attack	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
PIDs	O
are	O
created	O
and	O
associated	O
randomly	O
to	O
processes	O
;	O
the	O
bind	O
system	B-Operating_System
call	I-Operating_System
uses	O
random	O
port	B-Protocol
numbers	I-Protocol
;	O
files	O
are	O
created	O
with	O
random	O
inode	B-Application
numbers	I-Application
;	O
and	O
IP	O
datagrams	O
have	O
random	O
identifiers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
policy	O
on	O
openness	O
extends	O
to	O
hardware	O
documentation	O
:	O
in	O
the	O
slides	O
for	O
a	O
December	O
2006	O
presentation	O
,	O
De	O
Raadt	O
explained	O
that	O
without	O
it	O
"	O
developers	O
often	O
make	O
mistakes	O
writing	O
drivers	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
[	O
oh	O
my	O
god	O
,	O
I	O
got	O
it	O
to	O
work ]	O
rush	O
is	O
harder	O
to	O
achieve	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
developers	O
just	O
give	O
up.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
went	O
on	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
vendor-supplied	O
binary	O
drivers	O
are	O
unacceptable	O
for	O
inclusion	O
in	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
"	O
no	O
trust	O
of	O
vendor	O
binaries	O
running	O
in	O
our	O
kernel	O
"	O
and	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
"	O
no	O
way	O
to	O
fix	O
 [ them ] 	O
...	O
when	O
they	O
break.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
maintains	O
a	O
strict	O
license	B-License
policy	O
,	O
preferring	O
the	O
ISC	B-License
license	I-License
and	O
other	O
variants	O
of	O
the	O
BSD	B-License
license	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
attempts	O
to	O
"	O
maintain	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
Unix	I-Operating_System
copyrights	O
,	O
"	O
which	O
permitted	O
a	O
"	O
relatively	O
un-encumbered	O
Unix	O
source	O
distribution.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
widely	O
used	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
and	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
are	O
considered	O
overly	O
restrictive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2001	O
,	O
triggered	O
by	O
concerns	O
over	O
Darren	O
Reed	O
's	O
modification	O
of	O
IPFilter	B-Protocol
's	O
license	B-License
wording	O
,	O
a	O
systematic	O
license	B-License
audit	O
of	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
ports	O
and	O
source	O
trees	O
was	O
undertaken	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Code	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
hundred	O
files	O
throughout	O
the	O
system	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
unlicensed	O
,	O
ambiguously	O
licensed	O
or	O
in	O
use	O
against	O
the	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
license	B-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
ensure	O
that	O
all	O
licenses	O
were	O
properly	O
adhered	O
to	O
,	O
an	O
attempt	O
was	O
made	O
to	O
contact	O
all	O
the	O
relevant	O
copyright	O
holders	O
:	O
some	O
pieces	O
of	O
code	O
were	O
removed	O
,	O
many	O
were	O
replaced	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
multicast	O
routing	B-Protocol
tools	O
and	O
,	O
were	O
relicensed	O
so	O
that	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
could	O
continue	O
to	O
use	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
Bernstein	O
requested	O
that	O
all	O
modified	O
versions	O
of	O
his	O
code	O
be	O
approved	O
by	O
him	O
prior	O
to	O
redistribution	O
,	O
a	O
requirement	O
to	O
which	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
developers	O
were	O
unwilling	O
to	O
devote	O
time	O
or	O
effort	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
licensing	O
concerns	O
,	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
team	O
has	O
reimplemented	O
software	O
from	O
scratch	O
or	O
adopted	O
suitable	O
existing	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
developers	O
created	O
the	O
PF	B-Protocol
packet	B-Protocol
filter	I-Protocol
after	O
unacceptable	O
restrictions	O
were	O
imposed	O
on	O
IPFilter	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
PF	B-Protocol
first	O
appeared	O
in	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
and	O
is	O
now	O
available	O
in	O
many	O
other	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
developers	O
have	O
also	O
replaced	O
GPL-licensed	O
tools	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
CVS	B-Application
and	O
pkg-config	B-Application
)	O
with	O
permissively	B-License
licensed	I-License
equivalents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
and	O
its	O
portable	B-Architecture
components	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
commercial	O
products	O
,	O
De	O
Raadt	O
says	O
that	O
little	O
of	O
the	O
funding	O
for	O
the	O
project	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
industry	O
:	O
"	O
traditionally	O
all	O
our	O
funding	O
has	O
come	O
from	O
user	O
donations	O
and	O
users	O
buying	O
our	O
CDs	O
(	O
our	O
other	O
products	O
do	O
n't	O
really	O
make	O
us	O
much	O
money	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
a	O
two-year	O
period	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
2000s	O
,	O
the	O
project	O
received	O
funding	O
from	O
DARPA	O
,	O
which	O
"	O
paid	O
the	O
salaries	O
of	O
5	O
people	O
to	O
work	O
completely	O
full-time	O
,	O
bought	O
about	O
$30k	O
in	O
hardware	O
,	O
and	O
paid	O
for	O
3	O
hackathons	O
"	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
POSSE	B-Application
project	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2006	O
,	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
project	I-Operating_System
experienced	O
financial	O
difficulties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Operating_System
Mozilla	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
and	O
GoDaddy	O
are	O
among	O
the	O
organizations	O
that	O
helped	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
to	O
survive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
sustainable	O
funding	O
was	O
not	O
found	O
,	O
Beck	O
suggested	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
project	I-Operating_System
would	O
shut	O
down	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
soon	O
received	O
a	O
US$	O
20,000	O
donation	O
from	O
Mircea	O
Popescu	O
,	O
the	O
Romanian	O
creator	O
of	O
the	O
MPEx	O
bitcoin	B-Protocol
stock	O
exchange	O
,	O
paid	O
in	O
bitcoins	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
Foundation	O
is	O
a	O
Canadian	O
federal	O
non-profit	O
organization	O
founded	O
by	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
project	I-Operating_System
as	O
a	O
"	O
single	O
point	O
of	O
contact	O
for	O
persons	O
and	O
organizations	O
requiring	O
a	O
legal	O
entity	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
when	O
they	O
wish	O
to	O
support	O
OpenBSD.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
announced	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
by	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
developer	O
Bob	O
Beck	O
on	O
25	O
July	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
serves	O
as	O
a	O
legal	O
safeguard	O
over	O
other	O
projects	O
which	O
are	O
affiliated	O
with	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
including	O
OpenSSH	B-Language
,	O
OpenBGPD	B-Application
,	O
OpenNTPD	B-Application
,	O
OpenCVS	B-Operating_System
,	O
OpenSMTPD	B-Application
and	O
LibreSSL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2014	O
,	O
several	O
large	O
contributions	O
to	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
Foundation	O
have	O
come	O
from	O
corporations	O
such	O
as	O
Microsoft	O
,	O
Facebook	O
,	O
and	O
Google	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
Core	B-Application
Infrastructure	I-Application
Initiative	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
became	O
the	O
foundation	O
's	O
first	O
gold	O
level	O
contributor	O
donating	O
between	O
$	O
25,000	O
-50	O
,	O
000	O
to	O
support	O
development	O
of	O
OpenSSH	B-Language
,	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
integrated	O
into	O
PowerShell	B-Application
in	O
July	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
into	O
Windows	B-Application
Server	B-Application
in	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
contributors	O
include	O
Google	O
,	O
Facebook	O
and	O
DuckDuckGo	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
2016	O
and	O
2017	O
fundraising	O
campaigns	O
,	O
Smartisan	O
,	O
a	O
Chinese	O
company	O
,	O
was	O
the	O
leading	O
financial	O
contributor	O
to	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
Foundation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
is	O
freely	O
available	O
in	O
various	O
ways	O
:	O
the	O
source	O
can	O
be	O
retrieved	O
by	O
anonymous	O
CVS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
binary	O
releases	O
and	O
development	O
snapshots	O
can	O
be	O
downloaded	O
by	O
FTP	B-Protocol
,	O
HTTP	O
,	O
and	O
rsync	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
provides	O
a	O
package	B-Application
management	I-Application
system	I-Application
for	O
easy	O
installation	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
programs	O
which	O
are	O
not	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
base	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Packages	B-Application
are	O
binary	O
files	O
which	O
are	O
extracted	O
,	O
managed	O
and	O
removed	O
using	O
the	O
package	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
packages	B-Application
is	O
the	O
ports	B-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
Makefiles	O
and	O
other	O
infrastructure	O
required	O
to	O
create	O
packages	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
ports	O
and	O
base	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
are	O
developed	O
and	O
released	O
together	O
for	O
each	O
version	O
:	O
this	O
means	O
that	O
the	O
ports	O
or	O
packages	B-Application
released	O
with	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
4.6	O
are	O
not	O
suitable	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
4.5	O
and	O
vice	O
versa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
,	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
used	O
a	O
haloed	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
daemon	B-Operating_System
mascot	B-Application
drawn	O
by	O
Erick	O
Green	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
asked	O
by	O
De	O
Raadt	O
to	O
create	O
the	O
logo	O
for	O
the	O
2.3	O
and	O
2.4	O
versions	O
of	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Green	O
planned	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
full	O
daemon	B-Operating_System
,	O
including	O
head	O
and	O
body	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
the	O
head	O
was	O
completed	O
in	O
time	O
for	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
2.3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
body	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
pitchfork	O
and	O
tail	O
was	O
completed	O
for	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
2.4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Subsequent	O
releases	O
used	O
variations	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
police	O
daemon	B-Operating_System
by	O
Ty	O
Semaka	O
,	O
but	O
eventually	O
settled	O
on	O
a	O
pufferfish	O
named	O
Puffy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
then	O
,	O
Puffy	O
has	O
appeared	O
on	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
promotional	O
material	O
and	O
featured	O
in	O
release	O
songs	O
and	O
artwork	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
promotional	O
material	O
of	O
early	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
releases	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
cohesive	O
theme	O
or	O
design	O
,	O
but	O
later	O
the	O
CD-ROMs	O
,	O
release	O
songs	O
,	O
posters	O
and	O
tee-shirts	O
for	O
each	O
release	O
have	O
been	O
produced	O
with	O
a	O
single	O
style	O
and	O
theme	O
,	O
sometimes	O
contributed	O
to	O
by	O
Ty	O
Semaka	O
of	O
the	O
Plaid	O
Tongued	O
Devils	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
have	O
become	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
advocacy	O
,	O
with	O
each	O
release	O
expounding	O
a	O
moral	O
or	O
political	O
point	O
important	O
to	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
often	O
through	O
parody	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Themes	O
have	O
included	O
Puff	O
the	O
Barbarian	O
in	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
3.3	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
an	O
80s	O
rock	O
song	O
and	O
parody	O
of	O
Conan	O
the	O
Barbarian	O
alluding	O
to	O
open	O
documentation	O
,	O
The	O
Wizard	O
of	O
OS	O
in	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
3.7	O
,	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
work	O
on	O
wireless	O
drivers	O
,	O
and	O
Hackers	O
of	O
the	O
Lost	O
RAID	B-Architecture
,	O
a	O
parody	O
of	O
Indiana	O
Jones	O
referencing	O
the	O
new	O
RAID	B-Architecture
tools	O
in	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
3.8	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
table	O
summarizes	O
the	O
version	O
history	O
of	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
Release	O
date	O
Supported	O
until	O
Significant	O
changes	O
18	O
October	O
1995	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
CVS	B-Application
repository	O
created	O
by	O
Theo	O
de	O
Raadt	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
version	O
number	O
used	O
at	O
this	O
stage	O
was	O
1.1	O
,	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
1.1	O
was	O
not	O
an	O
official	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
release	O
in	O
the	O
sense	O
which	O
this	O
term	O
subsequently	O
came	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Creation	O
of	O
the	O
intro(9 )	O
man	O
page	B-Architecture
,	O
for	O
documenting	O
kernel	O
internals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
before	O
,	O
while	O
this	O
version	O
number	O
was	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
OS	O
,	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
1.2	O
was	O
not	O
an	O
official	O
release	O
in	O
the	O
subsequently	O
applicable	O
sense	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
official	O
release	O
of	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
also	O
the	O
point	O
at	O
which	O
XFree86	B-Device
first	O
recognized	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
as	O
separate	O
from	O
NetBSD	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initial	O
integration	O
of	O
the	O
FreeBSD	B-Application
ports	I-Application
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Replacement	O
of	O
gawk	O
with	O
the	O
AT&T	O
awk	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integration	O
of	O
zlib	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Added	O
sudo	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
1	O
June	O
1997	O
Replacement	O
of	O
the	O
older	O
sh	O
with	O
pdksh	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
1	O
December	O
1997	O
Addition	O
of	O
the	O
afterboot(8 )	O
man	O
page	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
19	O
May	O
1998	O
Introduced	O
the	O
haloed	O
daemon	B-Operating_System
,	O
or	O
aureola	O
beastie	O
,	O
in	O
head-only	O
form	O
created	O
by	O
Erick	O
Green	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1	O
December	O
1998	O
Featured	O
the	O
complete	O
haloed	O
daemon	B-Operating_System
,	O
with	O
trident	B-Application
and	O
a	O
finished	O
body	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
19	O
May	O
1999	O
Introduced	O
the	O
Cop	O
daemon	B-Operating_System
image	O
done	O
by	O
Ty	O
Semaka	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1	O
December	O
1999	O
Based	O
on	O
the	O
original	O
SSH	B-Protocol
suite	O
and	O
developed	O
further	O
by	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
team	O
,	O
2.6	O
saw	O
the	O
first	O
release	O
of	O
OpenSSH	B-Language
,	O
which	O
is	O
now	O
available	O
standard	O
on	O
most	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
and	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
SSH	B-Protocol
suite	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
15	O
June	O
2000	O
Support	O
for	O
SSH2	O
added	O
to	O
OpenSSH	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Filesystem	B-Application
performance	O
increases	O
from	O
softupdates	O
and	O
dirpref	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
E-Railed	O
(	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
Mix	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
techno	O
track	O
performed	O
by	O
the	O
release	O
mascot	B-Application
Puff	O
Daddy	O
,	O
the	O
famed	O
rapper	O
and	O
political	O
icon	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
license	B-License
restrictions	O
were	O
imposed	O
on	O
IPFilter	B-Protocol
,	O
the	O
pf	B-Protocol
packet	B-Protocol
filter	I-Protocol
was	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
pf	B-Protocol
is	O
now	O
available	O
in	O
DragonFly	B-Application
BSD	I-Application
,	O
NetBSD	B-Device
and	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
official	O
remote	O
security	O
hole	O
-	O
OpenSSH	B-Language
integer	O
overflow	O
1	O
November	O
2002	O
Goldflipper	O
,	O
a	O
tale	O
in	O
which	O
James	O
Pond	O
,	O
agent	O
077	O
,	O
super	O
spy	O
and	O
suave	O
lady	O
's	O
man	O
,	O
deals	O
with	O
the	O
dangers	O
of	O
a	O
hostile	O
internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Puff	O
the	O
Barbarian	O
,	O
born	O
in	O
a	O
tiny	O
bowl	O
;	O
Puff	O
was	O
a	O
slave	O
,	O
now	O
he	O
hacks	O
through	O
the	O
C	B-Language
,	O
searching	O
for	O
the	O
Hammer	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2003	O
,	O
code	O
from	O
ALTQ	B-Algorithm
,	O
which	O
had	O
a	O
license	B-License
disallowing	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
derivatives	O
,	O
was	O
relicensed	O
,	O
integrated	O
into	O
pf	B-Protocol
and	O
made	O
available	O
in	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
3.3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
release	O
adding	O
the	O
W^X	O
feature	O
,	O
a	O
fine-grained	O
memory	O
permissions	O
layout	O
,	O
ensuring	O
that	O
memory	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
written	O
to	O
by	O
application	O
programs	O
can	O
not	O
be	O
executable	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
and	O
vice	O
versa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tells	O
of	O
the	O
POSSE	B-Application
project	I-Application
's	O
cancellation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
unusual	O
blend	O
of	O
both	O
hip-hop	O
and	O
medieval-style	O
music	O
,	O
a	O
parody	O
of	O
the	O
tale	O
of	O
Robin	B-Application
Hood	I-Application
intended	O
to	O
express	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
attitude	O
to	O
free	O
speech	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GPL	B-License
licensed	O
gzip	B-Application
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
retooling	O
the	O
existing	O
compress	B-Device
tool	O
to	O
include	O
its	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GPL	B-License
licensed	O
grep	B-Application
was	O
replaced	O
with	O
FreeGrep	O
,	O
an	O
updated	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
licensed	O
grep	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
new	O
grep	B-Application
is	O
now	O
also	O
available	O
in	O
NetBSD	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
public	O
domain	O
diff	B-Application
was	O
updated	O
and	O
used	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
licensed	O
diff	B-Application
previously	O
included	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Code	O
from	O
the	O
LGPL	B-Application
licensed	O
was	O
relicensed	O
to	O
allow	O
pf	B-Protocol
to	O
feature	O
passive	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
detection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Basic	O
sysctl	O
hw.sensors	B-Application
API	O
introduced	O
for	O
hardware	B-Application
monitoring	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
CARP	B-Application
License	B-License
and	O
Redundancy	O
must	O
be	O
free	O
,	O
where	O
a	O
fish	O
seeking	O
to	O
license	B-License
his	O
free	O
redundancy	O
protocol	O
,	O
CARP	B-Application
,	O
finds	O
trouble	O
with	O
the	O
red	O
tape	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
parody	O
of	O
the	O
Fish	O
License	B-License
skit	O
and	O
Eric	O
the	O
Half-a-Bee	O
Song	O
by	O
Monty	O
Python	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
anti-software	O
patents	O
message	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CARP	B-Application
,	O
an	O
open	O
alternative	O
to	O
the	O
HSRP	B-Protocol
and	O
VRRP	B-Protocol
redundancy	O
systems	O
available	O
from	O
commercial	O
vendors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GPL	B-License
licensed	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
GNU	O
tool-set	O
,	O
bc	B-Application
,	O
dc	B-Application
,	O
nm	B-Application
and	O
size	O
,	O
were	O
all	O
replaced	O
with	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
licensed	O
equivalents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMD64	B-Device
platform	O
becomes	O
stable	O
enough	O
for	O
release	O
and	O
is	O
included	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
song	O
was	O
styled	O
after	O
the	O
works	O
of	O
Johnny	O
Cash	O
,	O
a	O
parody	O
of	O
the	O
Spaghetti	O
Western	O
and	O
Clint	O
Eastwood	O
and	O
inspired	O
by	O
liberal	O
license	B-License
enforcement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenNTPD	B-Application
,	O
a	O
compatible	O
alternative	O
to	O
the	O
reference	O
NTP	B-Protocol
daemon	B-Operating_System
,	O
was	O
developed	O
within	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
project	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
goal	O
of	O
OpenNTPD	B-Application
was	O
not	O
solely	O
a	O
compatible	O
license	B-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
aims	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
simple	O
,	O
secure	O
NTP	B-Protocol
implementation	O
providing	O
acceptable	O
accuracy	O
for	O
most	O
cases	O
,	O
without	O
requiring	O
detailed	O
configuration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
its	O
questionable	O
security	O
record	O
and	O
doubts	O
of	O
developers	O
for	O
better	O
future	O
development	O
,	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
removed	O
Ethereal	B-Language
from	O
its	O
ports	B-Application
tree	I-Application
prior	O
to	O
its	O
3.6	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Added	O
support	O
for	O
I2C	O
master/slave	O
devices	O
19	O
May	O
2005	O
The	O
Wizard	O
of	O
OS	O
,	O
where	O
Puffathy	O
,	O
a	O
little	O
Alberta	B-Protocol
girl	O
,	O
must	O
work	O
with	O
Taiwan	O
to	O
save	O
the	O
day	O
by	O
getting	O
unencumbered	O
wireless	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1	O
November	O
2005	O
1	O
November	O
2006	O
Hackers	O
of	O
the	O
Lost	O
RAID	B-Architecture
,	O
which	O
detailed	O
the	O
exploits	O
of	O
Puffiana	O
Jones	O
,	O
famed	O
hackologist	O
and	O
adventurer	O
,	O
seeking	O
out	O
the	O
Lost	O
RAID	B-Architecture
,	O
Styled	O
after	O
the	O
radio	O
serials	O
of	O
the	O
1930s	O
and	O
40s	O
,	O
this	O
was	O
a	O
parody	O
of	O
Indiana	O
Jones	O
and	O
was	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
RAID	B-Architecture
tools	O
featured	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
this	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
released	O
without	O
the	O
telnet	B-Protocol
daemon	B-Operating_System
which	O
was	O
completely	O
removed	O
from	O
the	O
source	O
tree	O
by	O
Theo	O
de	O
Raadt	O
in	O
May	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Attack	O
of	O
the	O
Binary	O
BLOB	O
,	O
which	O
chronicles	O
the	O
developer	O
's	O
fight	O
against	O
binary	O
blobs	O
and	O
vendor	O
lock-in	O
,	O
a	O
parody	O
of	O
the	O
1958	O
film	O
The	B-Application
Blob	I-Application
and	O
the	O
pop-rock	O
music	O
of	O
the	O
era	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Enhanced	O
OpenBGPD	B-Application
feature-set	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Improved	O
hardware	B-Application
sensors	I-Application
support	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
new	O
IPMI	O
subsystem	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
I2C	O
scan	O
subsystem	O
;	O
number	O
of	O
drivers	O
using	O
the	O
sensors	O
framework	O
increased	O
to	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
33	O
drivers	O
(	O
compared	O
to	O
9	O
in	O
the	O
prior	O
3.8	O
release	O
6	O
months	O
ago	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1	O
November	O
2006	O
1	O
November	O
2007	O
Humppa	O
Negala	O
,	O
a	O
Hava	O
Nagilah	O
parody	O
with	O
a	O
portion	O
of	O
Entrance	O
of	O
the	O
Gladiators	O
and	O
Humppa	O
music	O
fused	O
together	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
story	O
behind	O
it	O
,	O
simply	O
a	O
homage	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
developers	O
 '	O
favorite	O
genres	O
of	O
music	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Second	O
official	O
remote	O
security	O
hole	O
-	O
buffer	O
overflow	O
by	O
malformed	O
ICMPv6	B-Protocol
packets	O
1	O
May	O
2007	O
1	O
May	O
2008	O
Puffy	O
Baba	O
and	O
the	O
40	O
Vendors	O
,	O
a	O
parody	O
of	O
the	O
Arabic	O
fable	B-Application
Ali	B-Device
Baba	I-Device
and	I-Device
the	I-Device
Forty	I-Device
Thieves	I-Device
,	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
book	O
of	O
One	O
Thousand	O
and	O
One	O
Nights	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
Linux	B-Application
developers	O
are	O
mocked	O
over	O
their	O
allowance	O
of	O
non-disclosure	O
agreements	O
when	O
developing	O
software	O
while	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
implying	O
hardware	O
vendors	O
are	O
criminals	O
for	O
not	O
releasing	O
documentation	O
required	O
to	O
make	O
reliable	O
device	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Redesigned	O
sysctl	O
hw.sensors	B-Application
into	O
a	O
two-level	O
sensor	O
API	O
;	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
46	O
device	O
drivers	O
exporting	O
sensors	O
through	O
the	O
framework	O
with	O
this	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alt	O
URL	O
1	O
November	O
2007	O
1	O
November	O
2008	O
100001	O
1010101	O
,	O
the	O
Linux	B-Application
kernel	O
developers	O
gets	O
a	O
knock	O
for	O
violating	O
the	O
ISC-style	O
license	B-License
of	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
open	O
hardware	O
abstraction	O
layer	O
for	O
Atheros	O
wireless	O
cards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Usability	O
of	O
sensorsd	B-Application
improved	O
,	O
allowing	O
zero-configuration	O
monitoring	O
of	O
smart	O
sensors	O
from	O
the	O
hw.sensors	B-Application
framework	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
IPMI	O
or	O
bio(4 )	O
-based	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
easier	O
configuration	O
for	O
monitoring	O
of	O
non-smart	O
sensors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Trial	O
of	O
the	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
Knights	O
,	O
summarizes	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
including	O
the	O
USL	B-Operating_System
v	I-Operating_System
.	I-Operating_System
BSDi	I-Operating_System
lawsuit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
song	O
was	O
styled	O
after	O
the	O
works	O
of	O
Star	B-Application
Wars	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
sparc64	B-Architecture
port	O
now	O
supports	O
many	O
recent	O
processors	O
:	O
Sun	O
UltraSPARC	B-General_Concept
IV	I-General_Concept
,	O
T1	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
T2	B-Device
;	O
Fujitsu	O
SPARC64	B-Device
V	I-Device
,	O
VI	B-Device
,	O
and	O
VII	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hw.sensors	B-Application
framework	O
is	O
used	O
by	O
68	O
device	O
drivers	O
,	O
after	O
7	O
new	O
drivers	O
were	O
added	O
as	O
of	O
this	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
styled	O
after	O
the	O
works	O
of	O
Tron	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hw.sensors	B-Application
framework	O
is	O
used	O
by	O
72	O
device	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
style	O
of	O
Planet	B-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Apes	I-Application
,	O
Puffy	O
travels	O
in	O
time	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
dumbed-down	O
dystopia	B-Application
,	O
where	O
"	O
one	O
very	O
rich	O
man	O
runs	O
the	O
earth	O
with	O
one	O
multinational	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Open-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
has	O
since	O
been	O
replaced	O
by	O
one-button	O
computers	O
,	O
one-channel	O
televisions	O
,	O
and	O
closed-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
which	O
,	O
after	O
you	O
purchase	O
it	O
,	O
becomes	O
obsolete	O
before	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
use	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hw.sensors	B-Application
framework	O
is	O
used	O
by	O
75	O
device	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ldapd(8 )	O
LDAP	O
daemon	B-Operating_System
1	O
May	O
2011	O
1	O
May	O
2012	O
The	O
Answer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
rc.d(8 )	O
daemon	B-Operating_System
control	O
1	O
November	O
2011	O
1	O
November	O
2012	O
What	O
Me	O
Worry	O
?	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
song	O
was	O
styled	O
after	O
the	O
works	O
of	O
Ghostbusters	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
1	O
November	O
2012	O
1	O
November	O
2013	O
Aquarela	O
do	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
song	O
was	O
styled	O
after	O
the	O
works	O
of	O
Roy	O
Lee	O
,	O
a	O
parody	O
of	O
Blade	B-Application
Runner	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Position-independent	O
executables	O
(	O
PIE	O
)	O
by	O
default	O
for	O
seven	O
hardware	B-General_Concept
platforms	I-General_Concept
1	O
November	O
2013	O
1	O
November	O
2014	O
Our	O
favorite	O
hacks	O
,	O
a	O
parody	O
of	O
My	O
Favorite	O
Things	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
64bit	O
time_t	O
on	O
all	O
platforms	O
(	O
Y2K38	B-Application
ready	O
)	O
1	O
November	O
2014	O
18	O
October	O
2015	O
Ride	O
of	O
the	O
Valkyries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apache	B-Application
HTTPD	I-Application
removed	O
from	O
base	O
1	O
May	O
2015	O
29	O
March	O
2016	O
Source	O
Fish	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
procfs	B-Application
has	O
been	O
removed	O
18	O
October	O
2015	O
1	O
September	O
2016	O
20	O
years	O
ago	O
today	O
,	O
Fanza	O
,	O
So	O
much	O
better	O
,	O
A	O
Year	O
in	O
the	O
Life	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
doas(1 )	O
replacement	O
of	O
sudo	B-Device
29	O
March	O
2016	O
11	O
April	O
2017	O
Doctor	O
W^X	O
,	O
Systemagic	O
(	O
Anniversary	O
Edition	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Removed	O
vax	O
and	O
32-bit	O
SPARC	B-Architecture
support	O
11	O
April	O
2017	O
15	O
April	O
2018	O
Winter	O
of	O
95	O
,	O
a	O
parody	O
of	O
Summer	O
of	O
'	O
69	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
clang(1 )	O
base	O
system	O
compiler	B-Language
on	O
i386	O
and	O
amd64	B-Device
platforms	O
2	O
April	O
2018	O
3	O
May	O
2019	O
SMP	O
is	O
supported	O
on	O
arm64	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
CPU	O
microcode	O
is	O
loaded	O
on	O
boot	O
on	O
amd64	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
18	O
October	O
2018	O
17	O
October	O
2019	O
unveil(2 )	O
filesystem	B-Application
visibility	O
restriction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
24	O
April	O
2019	O
19	O
May	O
2020	O
Support	O
for	O
parsing	O
NMEA	B-Protocol
0183	I-Protocol
altitude	O
and	O
ground	O
speed	O
hw.sensors	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Xenocara	B-Application
:	O
Xorg	B-Operating_System
(	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
Server	B-Application
)	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
setuid	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
19	O
May	O
2020	O
1	O
May	O
2021	O
Made	O
ffs2	O
the	O
default	O
filesystem	B-Application
type	O
on	O
installs	O
except	O
for	O
landisk	O
,	O
luna88k	O
and	O
sgi	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
loongson	B-Language
support	O
was	O
temporarily	O
discontinued	O
for	O
this	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
xonly	O
"	O
support	O
on	O
many	O
architectures	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
