<s>
The	O
Open	O
Artificial	O
Pancreas	O
System	O
(	O
OpenAPS	B-Application
)	O
project	O
is	O
a	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
project	O
that	O
aims	O
to	O
make	O
basic	O
artificial	O
pancreas	O
system	O
(	O
APS	O
)	O
technology	O
available	O
to	O
everyone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpenAPS	B-Application
project	O
was	O
designed	O
with	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
quickly	O
getting	O
the	O
APS	O
technology	O
to	O
more	O
people	O
using	O
a	O
direct	O
approach	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
waiting	O
for	O
clinical	O
trials	O
to	O
be	O
completed	O
and	O
FDA	O
approval	O
to	O
be	O
granted	O
as	O
is	O
traditional	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenAPS	B-Application
traces	O
its	O
origin	O
to	O
2013	O
,	O
when	O
Dana	O
M	O
.	O
Lewis	O
and	O
Scott	O
Leibrand	O
became	O
aware	O
of	O
privately	O
shared	O
software	O
created	O
by	O
John	O
Costik	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
software	O
(	O
which	O
also	O
led	O
to	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
Nightscout	O
project	O
)	O
enabled	O
access	O
and	O
transfer	O
of	O
continuous	O
glucose	O
monitor	O
(	O
CGM	O
)	O
data	O
to	O
cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
infrastructure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
this	O
update	O
,	O
the	O
DIYPS	O
system	O
became	O
"	O
OpenAPS	B-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lewis	O
has	O
since	O
presented	O
the	O
OpenAPS	B-Application
at	O
conferences	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
profiled	O
in	O
various	O
news	O
articles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpenAPS	B-Application
software	O
can	O
run	O
on	O
a	O
small	O
computer	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
or	O
Intel	B-Device
Edison	I-Device
and	O
automates	O
an	O
insulin	O
pump	O
's	O
insulin	O
delivery	O
to	O
keep	O
blood	O
glucose	O
in	O
a	O
target	O
range	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenAPS	B-Application
is	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
a	O
broader	O
"	O
CGM	O
in	B-Architecture
the	I-Architecture
Cloud	I-Architecture
"	O
social	O
movement	O
;	O
this	O
includes	O
the	O
Nightscout	O
project	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
CGM	O
users	O
access	O
to	O
their	O
blood	O
sugar	O
data	O
in	O
real	O
time	O
by	O
putting	O
the	O
data	O
in	B-Architecture
the	I-Architecture
cloud	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
the	O
OpenAPS	B-Application
project	O
estimates	O
that	O
over	O
360	O
people	O
worldwide	O
with	O
various	O
OpenAPS	B-Application
implementations	O
,	O
amounting	O
to	O
over	O
1.6	O
million	O
real-world	O
testing	O
hours	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
with	O
the	O
Nightscout	O
project	O
more	O
generally	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
non-commercial	O
open	O
source	O
project	O
,	O
OpenAPS	B-Application
has	O
not	O
been	O
regulated	O
by	O
the	O
FDA	O
;	O
this	O
has	O
raised	O
some	O
regulatory	O
concerns	O
,	O
particularly	O
since	O
each	O
user	O
builds	O
their	O
own	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpenAPS	B-Application
project	O
emphasizes	O
a	O
"	O
use	O
at	O
your	O
own	O
risk	O
"	O
approach	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
following	O
disclaimer	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2016	O
,	O
subsequent	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
OpenAPS	B-Application
,	O
the	O
FDA	O
released	O
its	O
first	O
approval	O
for	O
an	O
automated	O
insulin	O
delivery	O
device	O
for	O
type	O
1	O
diabetes	O
:	O
Medtronic	O
’s	O
MiniMed	O
670G	O
hybrid	O
closed	O
looped	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
