<s>
The	O
role	O
of	O
open-source	B-Algorithm
intelligence	I-Algorithm
(	O
OSINT	B-Algorithm
)	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
2022	O
Russian	O
invasion	O
of	O
Ukraine	O
has	O
attracted	O
significant	O
attention	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Open-source	B-Algorithm
intelligence	I-Algorithm
(	O
also	O
known	O
by	O
its	O
acronym	O
OSINT	B-Algorithm
)	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
gathering	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
intelligence	O
based	O
on	O
publicly	O
available	O
sources	O
of	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early	O
hours	O
of	O
24	O
February	O
,	O
just	O
before	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
the	O
invasion	O
,	O
OSINT	B-Algorithm
researchers	O
at	O
the	O
Middlebury	O
Institute	O
of	O
International	O
Studies	O
at	O
Monterey	O
used	O
Google	B-Application
Maps	I-Application
to	O
track	O
a	O
significantly	O
large	O
traffic	O
jam	O
on	O
a	O
road	O
in	O
Russia	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
Ukrainian	O
border	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oryx	O
gained	O
international	O
prominence	O
through	O
its	O
work	O
during	O
the	O
2022	O
Russian	O
invasion	O
of	O
Ukraine	O
,	O
counting	O
and	O
keeping	O
track	O
of	O
material	O
losses	O
based	O
on	O
visual	O
evidence	O
and	O
OSINT	B-Algorithm
from	O
social	O
media	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
been	O
regularly	O
cited	O
in	O
major	O
media	O
,	O
including	O
Reuters	O
,	O
BBC	O
News	O
,	O
The	O
Guardian	O
,	O
The	O
Economist	O
,	O
Newsweek	O
,	O
CNN	B-Architecture
,	O
and	O
CBS	O
News	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Free	O
Buryatia	O
Foundation	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
founded	O
in	O
opposition	O
to	O
the	O
invasion	O
,	O
has	O
used	O
open-source	B-Algorithm
intelligence	I-Algorithm
to	O
try	O
to	O
track	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
Buryats	O
killed	O
in	O
action	O
in	O
Ukraine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OSINT	B-Algorithm
groups	O
have	O
also	O
used	O
tools	O
such	O
as	O
facial	O
recognition	O
apps	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
identify	O
perpetrators	O
of	O
war	O
crimes	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Bucha	O
massacre	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sharing	O
of	O
open-source	B-Algorithm
intelligence	I-Algorithm
on	O
social	O
media	O
has	O
raised	O
ethical	O
concerns	O
,	O
including	O
over	O
the	O
sharing	O
of	O
graphic	O
images	O
of	O
bodies	O
and	O
of	O
potentially	O
military-sensitive	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
