<s>
Online	B-Application
shaming	I-Application
is	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
public	O
shaming	O
in	O
which	O
targets	O
are	O
publicly	O
humiliated	O
on	O
the	O
internet	O
,	O
via	O
social	O
media	O
platforms	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Twitter	B-Application
or	O
Facebook	B-Application
)	O
,	O
or	O
more	O
localized	O
media	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
online	B-Application
shaming	I-Application
frequently	O
involves	O
exposing	O
private	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
the	O
ethics	O
of	O
public	O
humiliation	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
debate	O
over	O
internet	O
privacy	O
and	O
media	O
ethics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Online	B-Application
shaming	I-Application
takes	O
many	O
forms	O
,	O
including	O
call-outs	O
,	O
cancellation	O
(	O
cancel	O
culture	O
)	O
,	O
doxing	B-Application
,	O
negative	O
reviews	O
,	O
and	O
revenge	O
porn	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Online	B-Application
shaming	I-Application
is	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
public	O
shaming	O
in	O
which	O
internet	O
users	O
are	O
harassed	O
,	O
mocked	O
,	O
or	O
bullied	O
by	O
other	O
internet	O
users	O
online	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Online	B-Application
shaming	I-Application
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
get	O
revenge	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
revenge	O
pornography	O
)	O
,	O
stalk	O
,	O
blackmail	O
,	O
or	O
to	O
threaten	O
other	O
internet	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Privacy	O
violation	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
issue	O
in	O
online	B-Application
shaming	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Doxing	B-Application
involves	O
researching	O
and	O
broadcasting	O
personally	O
identifiable	O
information	O
about	O
an	O
individual	O
,	O
often	O
with	O
the	O
intention	O
of	O
harming	O
that	O
person	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
information	O
may	O
include	O
the	O
person	O
's	O
home	O
address	O
,	O
workplace	B-Application
or	O
school	O
,	O
full	O
name	O
,	O
spouses	O
,	O
credit	O
card	O
information	O
,	O
and	O
phone	O
number	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bruce	O
Schneier	O
,	O
a	O
lecturer	O
and	O
fellow	O
at	O
Harvard	O
Kennedy	O
School	O
,	O
has	O
elaborated	O
that	O
doxing	B-Application
does	O
not	O
just	O
happen	O
to	O
individuals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Companies	O
such	O
as	O
Sony	O
and	O
Ashley	O
Madison	O
have	O
been	O
involved	O
previously	O
in	O
doxing	B-Application
schemes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
User	O
generated	O
review	O
sites	O
such	O
as	O
Yelp	B-Application
,	O
Google	B-Application
Maps	I-Application
and	O
Trip	O
Advisor	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
publicly	O
shame	O
or	O
punish	O
businesses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Images	O
and	O
video	O
of	O
sexual	O
acts	O
are	O
often	O
combined	O
with	O
doxing	B-Application
of	O
a	O
person	O
's	O
private	O
details	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
their	O
home	O
addresses	O
and	O
workplaces	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Social	O
status	O
shaming	O
is	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
online	B-Application
shaming	I-Application
that	O
involves	O
bullying	O
others	O
online	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
socioeconomic	O
status	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
decided	O
to	O
publicize	O
his	O
remarks	O
on	O
Twitter	B-Application
,	O
giving	O
St	O
Louis	O
the	O
task	O
of	O
writing	O
a	O
short	O
text	O
to	O
be	O
tweeted	O
and	O
corroborated	O
by	O
the	O
other	O
two	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
later	O
statement	O
,	O
Nurse	O
described	O
the	O
response	O
to	O
Hunt	O
's	O
comments	O
as	O
"	O
a	O
twitter	B-Application
and	O
media	O
storm	O
,	O
completely	O
out	O
of	O
proportion	O
"	O
,	O
adding	O
that	O
"	O
he	O
should	O
never	O
have	O
been	O
sacked	O
by	O
University	O
College	O
London	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
feminist	O
philosophy	O
journal	O
Hypatia	O
became	O
involved	O
in	O
a	O
dispute	O
in	O
April	O
2017	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
online	B-Application
shaming	I-Application
of	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
authors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
article	O
was	O
criticized	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
and	O
Twitter	B-Application
as	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
"	O
epistemic	O
violence	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
author	O
became	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
personal	O
attacks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rogers	O
Brubaker	O
described	O
the	O
episode	O
in	O
the	O
New	O
York	O
Times	O
as	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
"	O
internet	B-Application
shaming	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
posted	O
the	O
video	O
to	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
whereupon	O
it	O
was	O
viewed	O
by	O
thousands	O
and	O
the	O
two	O
men	O
began	O
receiving	O
death	O
threats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
days	O
,	O
she	O
had	O
been	O
identified	O
by	O
Internet	B-Application
vigilantes	I-Application
,	O
and	O
much	O
of	O
her	O
personal	O
information	O
was	O
leaked	O
onto	O
the	O
Internet	O
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
punish	O
her	O
for	O
the	O
offense	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
reaction	O
by	O
the	O
South	O
Korean	O
public	O
to	O
the	O
incident	O
prompted	O
several	O
newspapers	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
to	O
run	O
editorials	O
voicing	O
concern	O
over	O
Internet	B-Application
vigilantism	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Cooks	O
Source	O
Facebook	B-Application
page	O
was	O
flooded	O
with	O
thousands	O
of	O
contemptuous	O
comments	O
,	O
forcing	O
the	O
magazine	O
's	O
staff	O
to	O
create	O
new	O
pages	O
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
escape	O
the	O
protest	O
and	O
accuse	O
'	O
hackers	O
 '	O
of	O
taking	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
