<s>
Online	B-Protocol
chat	I-Protocol
may	O
refer	O
to	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
communication	O
over	O
the	O
Internet	O
that	O
offers	O
a	O
real-time	O
transmission	O
of	O
text	B-Application
messages	O
from	O
sender	O
to	O
receiver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chat	B-Protocol
messages	O
are	O
generally	O
short	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
enable	O
other	O
participants	O
to	O
respond	O
quickly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thereby	O
,	O
a	O
feeling	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
spoken	O
conversation	O
is	O
created	O
,	O
which	O
distinguishes	O
chatting	B-Protocol
from	O
other	O
text-based	B-Application
online	O
communication	O
forms	O
such	O
as	O
Internet	B-Application
forums	I-Application
and	O
email	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Online	B-Protocol
chat	I-Protocol
may	O
address	O
point-to-point	B-Architecture
communications	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
multicast	O
communications	O
from	O
one	O
sender	O
to	O
many	O
receivers	O
and	O
voice	O
and	O
video	B-Application
chat	I-Application
,	O
or	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
feature	O
of	O
a	O
web	B-Protocol
conferencing	I-Protocol
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Online	B-Protocol
chat	I-Protocol
in	O
a	O
less	O
stringent	O
definition	O
may	O
be	O
primarily	O
any	O
direct	O
text-based	B-Application
or	O
video-based	O
(	O
webcams	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
one-on-one	O
chat	B-Protocol
or	O
one-to-many	O
group	O
chat	B-Protocol
(	O
formally	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
synchronous	B-Protocol
conferencing	I-Protocol
)	O
,	O
using	O
tools	O
such	O
as	O
instant	B-Application
messengers	I-Application
,	O
Internet	B-Protocol
Relay	I-Protocol
Chat	I-Protocol
(	O
IRC	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
talkers	B-Protocol
and	O
possibly	O
MUDs	B-Application
or	O
other	O
online	B-Application
games	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
expression	O
online	B-Protocol
chat	I-Protocol
comes	O
from	O
the	O
word	O
chat	B-Protocol
which	O
means	O
"	O
informal	O
conversation	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Online	B-Protocol
chat	I-Protocol
includes	O
web-based	B-Application
applications	I-Application
that	O
allow	O
communication	O
–	O
often	O
directly	O
addressed	O
,	O
but	O
anonymous	O
between	O
users	O
in	O
a	O
multi-user	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Web	B-Protocol
conferencing	I-Protocol
is	O
a	O
more	O
specific	O
online	O
service	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
often	O
sold	O
as	O
a	O
service	O
,	O
hosted	O
on	O
a	O
web	O
server	O
controlled	O
by	O
the	O
vendor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
online	B-Protocol
chat	I-Protocol
system	O
was	O
called	O
Talkomatic	B-Protocol
,	O
created	O
by	O
Doug	O
Brown	O
and	O
David	O
R	O
.	O
Woolley	O
in	O
1973	O
on	O
the	O
PLATO	B-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Illinois	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Talkomatic	B-Protocol
was	O
very	O
popular	O
among	O
PLATO	B-Operating_System
users	O
into	O
the	O
mid-1980s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2014	O
,	O
Brown	O
and	O
Woolley	O
released	O
a	O
web-based	B-Application
version	O
of	O
Talkomatic	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
online	O
system	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
actual	O
command	O
"	O
chat	B-Protocol
"	O
was	O
created	O
for	O
The	O
Source	O
in	O
1979	O
by	O
Tom	O
Walker	O
and	O
Fritz	O
Thane	O
of	O
Dialcom	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
chat	B-Protocol
platforms	O
flourished	O
during	O
the	O
1980s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Among	O
the	O
earliest	O
with	O
a	O
GUI	B-Application
was	O
BroadCast	O
,	O
a	O
Macintosh	B-Device
extension	O
that	O
became	O
especially	O
popular	O
on	O
university	O
campuses	O
in	O
America	O
and	O
Germany	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
transatlantic	O
Internet	B-Protocol
chat	I-Protocol
took	O
place	O
between	O
Oulu	O
,	O
Finland	O
and	O
Corvallis	O
,	O
Oregon	O
in	O
February	O
1989	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
dedicated	O
online	B-Protocol
chat	I-Protocol
service	O
that	O
was	O
widely	O
available	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
was	O
the	O
CompuServe	B-Protocol
CB	I-Protocol
Simulator	O
in	O
1980	O
,	O
created	O
by	O
CompuServe	O
executive	O
Alexander	O
"	O
Sandy	O
"	O
Trevor	O
in	O
Columbus	O
,	O
Ohio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ancestors	O
include	O
network	O
chat	B-Protocol
software	I-Protocol
such	O
as	O
UNIX	O
"	B-Device
talk	I-Device
"	I-Device
used	O
in	O
the	O
1970s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chat	B-Protocol
is	O
implemented	O
in	O
many	O
video-conferencing	B-Application
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
study	O
of	O
chat	B-Protocol
use	O
during	O
work-related	O
videoconferencing	B-Application
found	O
that	O
chat	B-Protocol
during	O
meetings	O
allows	O
participants	O
to	O
communicate	O
without	O
interrupting	O
the	O
meeting	O
,	O
plan	O
action	O
around	O
common	O
resources	O
,	O
and	O
enables	O
greater	O
inclusion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
study	O
also	O
found	O
that	O
chat	B-Protocol
can	O
cause	O
distractions	O
and	O
information	O
asymmetries	O
between	O
participants	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
chatiquette	O
(	O
chat	B-Protocol
etiquette	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
variation	O
of	O
netiquette	O
(	O
Internet	O
etiquette	O
)	O
and	O
describes	O
basic	O
rules	O
of	O
online	O
communication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
word	O
"	O
chatiquette	O
"	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
various	O
chat	B-Protocol
systems	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Internet	B-Protocol
Relay	I-Protocol
Chat	I-Protocol
)	O
since	O
1995	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chatrooms	O
can	O
produce	O
a	O
strong	O
sense	O
of	O
online	B-Application
identity	I-Application
leading	O
to	O
impression	O
of	O
subculture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chats	B-Protocol
are	O
valuable	O
sources	O
of	O
various	O
types	O
of	O
information	O
,	O
the	O
automatic	O
processing	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
object	O
of	O
chat/text	O
mining	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Criticism	O
of	O
online	B-Protocol
chatting	I-Protocol
and	O
text	B-Application
messaging	B-Protocol
include	O
concern	O
that	O
they	O
replace	O
proper	O
English	O
with	O
shorthand	O
or	O
with	O
an	O
almost	O
completely	O
new	O
hybrid	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internet	B-Protocol
chat	I-Protocol
rooms	O
and	O
rapid	O
real-time	O
teleconferencing	O
allow	O
users	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
whoever	O
happens	O
to	O
coexist	O
in	O
cyberspace	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
chatrooms	O
replacing	O
many	O
face-to-face	O
conversations	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
have	O
quick	O
conversation	O
as	O
if	O
the	O
person	O
were	O
present	O
,	O
so	O
many	O
people	O
learn	O
to	O
type	B-Device
as	I-Device
quickly	I-Device
as	O
they	O
would	O
normally	O
speak	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Guy	O
Merchant	O
's	O
journal	O
article	O
Teenagers	O
in	O
Cyberspace	B-General_Concept
:	O
An	O
Investigation	O
of	O
Language	O
Use	O
and	O
Language	O
Change	O
in	O
Internet	O
Chatrooms	O
;	O
Merchant	O
says	O
"	O
that	O
teenagers	O
and	O
young	O
people	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
leading	O
the	O
movement	O
of	O
change	O
as	O
they	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
possibilities	O
of	O
digital	O
technology	O
,	O
drastically	O
changing	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
literacy	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
media	O
through	O
their	O
uses	O
of	O
mobile	O
phone	O
text	B-Application
messages	O
,	O
e-mails	O
,	O
web-pages	O
and	O
on-line	O
chatrooms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
are	O
common	O
chat	B-Protocol
programs	I-Protocol
and	O
protocols	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Yahoo	B-Application
!	O
</s>
<s>
Chat	B-Protocol
programs	I-Protocol
supporting	O
multiple	O
protocols	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Web	O
sites	O
with	O
browser-based	B-Application
chat	B-Protocol
services	O
(	O
also	O
see	O
web	B-Protocol
chat	I-Protocol
)	O
:	O
</s>
