<s>
Onavo	B-Application
was	O
an	O
Israeli	O
mobile	B-Protocol
web	I-Protocol
analytics	I-Protocol
company	O
owned	O
by	O
Meta	O
Platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
primarily	O
performed	O
its	O
activities	O
via	O
consumer	O
mobile	B-Application
apps	I-Application
,	O
including	O
the	O
virtual	B-Application
private	I-Application
network	I-Application
(	O
VPN	B-Application
)	O
service	O
Onavo	B-Application
Protect	I-Application
,	O
which	O
analysed	O
web	O
traffic	O
sent	O
through	O
the	O
VPN	B-Application
to	O
provide	O
statistics	O
on	O
the	O
usage	O
of	O
other	O
apps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Guy	B-Application
Rosen	I-Application
and	O
Roi	B-Application
Tiger	I-Application
founded	O
Onavo	B-Application
in	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2013	O
,	O
Onavo	B-Application
was	O
acquired	O
by	O
Facebook	O
,	O
which	O
used	O
Onavo	B-Application
's	O
analytics	O
platform	O
to	O
monitor	O
competitors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
influenced	O
Facebook	O
to	O
make	O
various	O
business	O
decisions	O
,	O
including	O
its	O
2014	O
acquisition	O
of	O
WhatsApp	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
acquisition	O
,	O
Onavo	B-Application
was	O
frequently	O
classified	O
as	O
being	O
spyware	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
VPN	B-Application
was	O
used	O
to	O
monetize	O
application	O
usage	O
data	O
collected	O
within	O
an	O
allegedly	O
privacy-focused	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2018	O
,	O
Facebook	O
pulled	O
Onavo	B-Application
Protect	I-Application
from	O
the	O
iOS	B-Application
App	I-Application
Store	I-Application
due	O
to	O
violations	O
of	O
Apple	O
's	O
policy	O
forbidding	O
apps	O
from	O
collecting	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
usage	O
of	O
other	O
apps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2019	O
,	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
criticism	O
over	O
a	O
Facebook	O
market	O
research	O
program	O
employing	O
similar	O
techniques	O
(	O
including	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
being	O
targeted	O
towards	O
teens	O
)	O
,	O
Onavo	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
sunset	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
version	O
of	O
Protect	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Onavo	B-Application
was	O
founded	O
in	O
2010	O
by	O
Roi	B-Application
Tiger	I-Application
and	O
Guy	B-Application
Rosen	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Onavo	B-Application
had	O
two	O
rounds	O
of	O
funding	O
:	O
the	O
first	O
was	O
a	O
Series	O
A	O
investment	O
for	O
$3	O
million	O
from	O
Magma	O
Venture	O
Partners	O
and	O
Sequoia	O
Capital	O
in	O
May	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Onavo	B-Application
's	O
sale	O
to	O
Facebook	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
top	O
exits	O
for	O
Magma	O
Venture	O
Partners	O
and	O
other	O
Israeli	O
venture	O
capital	O
firms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
13	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
Facebook	O
bought	O
Onavo	B-Application
for	O
approximately	O
$120	O
million	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Australian	O
Competition	O
&	O
Consumer	O
Commission	O
(	O
ACCC	O
)	O
initiated	O
legal	O
proceedings	O
against	O
Facebook	O
on	O
December	O
16	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
alleging	O
that	O
Facebook	O
engaged	O
in	O
"	O
false	O
,	O
misleading	O
or	O
deceptive	O
conduct	O
"	O
by	O
using	O
personal	O
data	O
collected	O
from	O
Onavo	B-Application
"	O
for	O
its	O
own	O
commercial	O
purposes	O
"	O
contrary	O
to	O
Onavo	B-Application
's	O
privacy-oriented	O
marketing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Onavo	B-Application
maintained	O
consumer-oriented	O
utility	O
apps	O
,	O
including	O
Onavo	B-Application
Count	I-Application
,	O
which	O
tracked	O
bandwidth	O
usage	O
by	O
apps	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Onavo	B-Application
Extend	I-Application
and	O
Onavo	B-Application
Protect	I-Application
,	O
which	O
were	O
VPN	B-Application
services	I-Application
for	O
data	B-General_Concept
compression	I-General_Concept
and	O
security	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
launched	O
Onavo	B-Application
Insights	I-Application
,	O
a	O
mobile	B-Protocol
analytics	I-Protocol
platform	O
that	O
tracked	O
the	O
market	O
share	O
and	O
active	O
usage	O
of	O
apps	O
using	O
data	O
obtained	O
from	O
Onavo	B-Application
's	O
consumer	O
apps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2017	O
,	O
The	O
Wall	O
Street	O
Journal	O
reported	O
that	O
since	O
the	O
acquisition	O
of	O
Onavo	B-Application
by	O
Facebook	O
,	O
this	O
data	O
was	O
used	O
internally	O
by	O
Facebook	O
to	O
monitor	O
competitors	O
such	O
as	O
Snapchat	B-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
startups	O
that	O
are	O
performing	O
"	O
unusually	O
well	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
data	O
influenced	O
Facebook	O
to	O
acquire	O
WhatsApp	B-Application
in	O
2014	O
,	O
and	O
plan	O
a	O
video	B-Application
chat	I-Application
app	O
to	O
rival	O
Houseparty	B-Application
in	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Onavo	B-Application
won	O
multiple	O
awards	O
in	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2018	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
reported	O
that	O
Facebook	O
had	O
begun	O
to	O
include	O
advertising	O
for	O
the	O
Onavo	B-Application
Protect	I-Application
app	O
within	O
the	O
Facebook	O
app	O
for	O
iOS	B-Application
users	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
led	O
to	O
denouncements	O
of	O
the	O
app	O
by	O
media	O
outlets	O
,	O
who	O
classified	O
Onavo	B-Application
as	O
spyware	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
used	O
by	O
Facebook	O
to	O
monetize	O
usage	O
habits	O
within	O
a	O
privacy-focused	O
environment	O
,	O
and	O
because	O
the	O
app	O
listing	O
did	O
not	O
contain	O
a	O
prominent	O
disclosure	O
of	O
Facebook	O
's	O
ownership	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
app	O
's	O
listings	O
were	O
later	O
amended	O
to	O
disclaim	O
that	O
Onavo	B-Application
Protect	I-Application
may	O
collect	O
information	O
on	O
app	O
and	O
website	O
usage	O
to	O
improve	O
Facebook	O
products	O
and	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2018	O
,	O
Facebook	O
pulled	O
Onavo	B-Application
Protect	I-Application
from	O
the	O
iOS	B-Application
App	I-Application
Store	I-Application
after	O
pressure	O
by	O
Apple	O
,	O
who	O
declared	O
it	O
a	O
violation	O
of	O
guidelines	O
barring	O
apps	O
from	O
harvesting	O
data	O
from	O
other	O
apps	O
on	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
21	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
renewed	O
controversy	O
over	O
the	O
service	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
related	O
Facebook	O
Research	O
program	O
,	O
Facebook	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
sunset	O
Onavo	B-Application
Protect	I-Application
VPN	B-Application
and	O
pull	O
its	O
app	O
from	O
Google	B-Application
Play	I-Application
Store	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
invited	O
users	O
between	O
the	O
ages	O
of	O
13	O
and	O
35	O
to	O
install	O
the	O
Facebook	O
Research	O
app	O
—	O
allegedly	O
a	O
rebranded	O
version	O
of	O
Onavo	B-Application
Protect	I-Application
—	O
on	O
their	O
device	O
,	O
to	O
collect	O
data	O
on	O
their	O
app	O
usage	O
,	O
web	B-Protocol
browsing	I-Protocol
history	I-Protocol
,	O
web	B-Application
search	I-Application
history	O
,	O
location	O
history	O
,	O
personal	O
messages	O
,	O
photos	O
,	O
videos	O
,	O
emails	O
,	O
and	O
Amazon	B-Application
order	O
history	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Participants	O
received	O
up	O
to	O
$20	O
per-month	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
program	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
promoted	O
to	O
teenagers	O
via	O
targeted	O
advertising	O
on	O
Instagram	B-Application
and	O
Snapchat	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	O
Research	O
is	O
administered	O
by	O
third-party	O
beta	O
testing	O
services	O
,	O
including	O
Applause	O
and	O
BetaBound	O
,	O
and	O
requires	O
users	O
to	O
install	O
a	O
Facebook	O
root	B-Protocol
certificate	I-Protocol
on	O
their	O
phone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
this	O
is	O
prohibited	O
by	O
Apple	O
's	O
Enterprise	O
Developer	O
License	O
Agreement	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
methods	O
used	O
are	O
intended	O
solely	O
for	O
use	O
by	O
a	O
company	O
's	O
employees	O
(	O
for	O
use	O
cases	O
such	O
as	O
internal	O
software	O
specific	O
to	O
their	O
environment	O
,	O
and	O
internal	O
pre-release	O
versions	O
of	O
apps	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	O
initially	O
responded	O
by	O
claiming	O
that	O
Facebook	O
Research	O
did	O
not	O
violate	O
Apple	O
's	O
developer	O
license	O
agreement	O
,	O
and	O
denied	O
that	O
the	O
program	O
was	O
intended	O
to	O
bypass	O
the	O
rules	O
that	O
banned	O
Onavo	B-Application
Protect	I-Application
from	O
the	O
iOS	B-Application
App	I-Application
Store	I-Application
,	O
nor	O
was	O
intended	O
to	O
replace	O
Onavo	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	O
later	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
discontinue	O
the	O
Facebook	O
Research	O
program	O
on	O
iOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	O
Research	O
remains	O
available	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
30	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
Apple	O
revoked	O
Facebook	O
's	O
Enterprise	O
Developer	O
Program	O
certificates	O
,	O
which	O
caused	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
internal	O
iOS	B-Application
apps	I-Application
(	O
including	O
beta	O
versions	O
of	O
its	O
public	O
software	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
internal	O
apps	O
relating	O
to	O
Facebook	O
's	O
workplace	O
)	O
to	O
become	O
inoperable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
discontinuing	O
Onavo	B-Application
Protect	I-Application
and	O
Facebook	O
Research	O
,	O
Facebook	O
released	O
a	O
market	O
research	O
app	O
named	O
Facebook	O
Study	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Study	O
or	O
Study	O
from	O
Facebook	O
)	O
on	O
June	O
11	O
,	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Addressing	O
concerns	O
with	O
previous	O
incarnations	O
of	O
the	O
research	O
app	O
,	O
Study	O
does	O
not	O
use	O
a	O
VPN	B-Application
or	O
a	O
root	B-Protocol
certificate	I-Protocol
to	O
conduct	O
its	O
data	O
collection	O
.	O
</s>
