<s>
In	O
photography	O
,	O
an	O
omnidirectional	B-Algorithm
camera	I-Algorithm
(	O
from	O
"	O
omni	O
"	O
,	O
meaning	O
all	O
)	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
360-degree	B-Algorithm
camera	I-Algorithm
,	O
is	O
a	O
camera	O
having	O
a	O
field	O
of	O
view	O
that	O
covers	O
approximately	O
the	O
entire	O
sphere	O
or	O
at	O
least	O
a	O
full	O
circle	O
in	O
the	O
horizontal	O
plane	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Omnidirectional	B-Algorithm
cameras	I-Algorithm
are	O
important	O
in	O
areas	O
where	O
large	O
visual	O
field	O
coverage	O
is	O
needed	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
in	O
panoramic	O
photography	O
and	O
robotics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
an	O
ideal	O
omnidirectional	B-Algorithm
camera	I-Algorithm
captures	O
light	O
from	O
all	O
directions	O
falling	O
onto	O
the	O
focal	O
point	O
,	O
covering	O
a	O
full	O
sphere	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
practice	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
most	O
omnidirectional	B-Algorithm
cameras	I-Algorithm
do	O
not	O
cover	O
the	O
entire	O
sphere	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
cameras	O
which	O
are	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
omnidirectional	B-Algorithm
cover	O
the	O
full	O
360°	O
along	O
the	O
equator	O
of	O
the	O
sphere	O
but	O
exclude	O
the	O
top	O
and	O
bottom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
360-degree	B-Algorithm
cameras	I-Algorithm
with	O
two	O
lenses	O
are	O
probably	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
type	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
can	O
accommodate	O
a	O
full	O
360-degree	O
angle	O
with	O
two	O
lenses	O
facing	O
each	O
other	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Problems	O
are	O
often	O
caused	O
by	O
stitching	B-Algorithm
errors	O
that	O
can	O
happen	O
at	O
any	O
given	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
cameras	O
was	O
Sony	O
 '	O
Fourthview	O
multihead	O
camera	O
and	O
the	O
throwing	O
camera	O
,	O
Panono	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
more	O
lenses	O
are	O
installed	O
in	O
the	O
camera	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
difficult	O
it	O
becomes	O
for	O
the	O
software	O
to	O
combine	O
the	O
individual	O
images	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
possible	O
stitching	B-Algorithm
problems	O
are	O
less	O
with	O
a	O
good	O
stitching	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
individual	O
images	O
are	O
then	O
joined	O
together	O
like	O
mosaic	O
stones	O
to	O
form	O
an	O
omnidirectional	B-Algorithm
overall	O
image	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cars	O
with	O
omnidirectional	B-Algorithm
camera	I-Algorithm
include	O
Nissan	O
Qashqai	O
,	O
Volvo	O
S90	O
,	O
Range	O
Rover	O
,	O
Peugeot	O
3008	O
and	O
Kia	O
Stinger	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Traditional	O
approaches	O
to	O
panoramic	O
photography	O
mainly	O
consists	O
of	O
stitching	B-Algorithm
shots	O
taken	O
separately	O
into	O
a	O
single	O
,	O
continuous	O
image	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
stitching	B-Algorithm
of	O
images	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
is	O
computationally	O
intensive	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
using	O
the	O
RANSAC	B-Algorithm
iterative	O
algorithm	O
,	O
commonly	O
used	O
to	O
solve	O
the	O
correspondence	B-Algorithm
problem	I-Algorithm
)	O
,	O
and	O
depending	O
upon	O
the	O
quality	O
and	O
consistency	O
of	O
the	O
shots	O
used	O
,	O
the	O
resulting	O
image	O
might	O
contain	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
deficiencies	O
which	O
impair	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
the	O
resulting	O
image	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
an	O
omnidirectional	B-Algorithm
camera	I-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
create	O
panoramic	O
art	O
in	O
real	O
time	O
,	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
post	O
processing	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
typically	O
give	O
much	O
better	O
quality	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
Facebook	O
began	O
rolling	O
out	O
omnidirectional	B-General_Concept
videos	I-General_Concept
where	O
the	O
user	O
can	O
view	O
the	O
video	O
at	O
any	O
arbitrary	O
camera	O
angle	O
around	O
a	O
360-degree	O
radius	O
and	O
limited	O
tilt	O
up-and-down	O
angles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
robotics	O
,	O
omnidirectional	B-Algorithm
cameras	I-Algorithm
are	O
frequently	O
used	O
for	O
visual	O
odometry	O
and	O
to	O
solve	O
simultaneous	B-Application
localization	I-Application
and	I-Application
mapping	I-Application
(	O
SLAM	O
)	O
problems	O
visually	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
360	B-Algorithm
cameras	I-Algorithm
have	O
become	O
extremely	O
popular	O
within	O
the	O
real	O
estate	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
homes	O
being	O
purchased	O
sight-unseen	O
,	O
360	B-Algorithm
camera	I-Algorithm
technology	O
has	O
offered	O
a	O
way	O
for	O
prospective	O
home	O
buyers	O
to	O
tour	O
the	O
home	O
without	O
having	O
to	O
be	O
there	O
in	O
person	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
even	O
360	B-Algorithm
cameras	I-Algorithm
on	O
the	O
market	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
created	O
with	O
real	O
estate	O
as	O
the	O
main	O
subject	O
in	O
mind	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	O
of	O
omnidirectional	B-Algorithm
cameras	I-Algorithm
also	O
include	O
3D	B-Algorithm
reconstruction	I-Algorithm
and	O
surveillance	O
,	O
when	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
cover	O
as	O
large	O
a	O
visual	O
field	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	B-Algorithm
RoundTable	I-Algorithm
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
2007	O
for	O
videoconferencing	B-Application
,	O
where	O
all	O
participants	O
on	O
one	O
location	O
can	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
image	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
implementations	O
of	O
omnidirectional	B-Algorithm
(	O
360-degree	O
)	O
cameras	O
exist	O
,	O
including	O
two	O
opposing	O
fisheye	O
lens	O
configurations	O
and	O
cameras	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
30	O
separate	O
lenses	O
.	O
</s>
