<s>
An	O
offline	B-Protocol
reader	I-Protocol
(	O
sometimes	O
called	O
an	O
offline	B-Protocol
browser	I-Protocol
or	O
offline	B-Protocol
navigator	I-Protocol
)	O
is	O
computer	B-Application
software	I-Application
that	O
downloads	O
e-mail	O
,	O
newsgroup	B-Application
posts	O
or	O
web	O
pages	O
,	O
making	O
them	O
available	O
when	O
the	O
computer	O
is	O
offline	O
:	O
not	O
connected	O
to	O
a	O
server	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Offline	B-Protocol
readers	I-Protocol
are	O
useful	O
for	O
portable	B-Device
computers	I-Device
and	O
dial-up	O
access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Website	O
mirroring	O
software	O
is	O
software	O
that	O
allows	O
for	O
the	O
download	O
of	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
an	O
entire	O
website	O
to	O
the	O
local	O
hard	O
disk	O
for	O
offline	B-Protocol
browsing	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Web	B-Application
crawler	I-Application
software	O
such	O
as	O
Wget	B-Protocol
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
generate	O
a	O
site	O
mirror	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Offline	B-Protocol
mail	I-Protocol
readers	I-Protocol
are	O
computer	B-Application
programs	I-Application
that	O
allow	O
users	O
to	O
read	O
electronic	O
mail	O
or	O
other	O
messages	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
those	O
on	O
bulletin	B-Application
board	I-Application
systems	I-Application
)	O
with	O
a	O
minimum	O
of	O
connection	O
time	O
to	O
the	O
server	B-Application
storing	O
the	O
messages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BBS	O
servers	O
accomplished	O
this	O
by	O
packaging	O
up	O
multiple	O
messages	O
into	O
a	O
compressed	B-General_Concept
file	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
a	O
QWK	O
packet	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
download	O
using	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
Xmodem	B-Protocol
,	O
Ymodem	B-Protocol
,	O
Zmodem	B-Device
,	O
and	O
then	O
disconnect	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	O
reads	O
and	O
replies	O
to	O
the	O
messages	O
locally	O
and	O
packages	O
up	O
and	O
uploads	O
any	O
replies	O
or	O
new	O
messages	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
server	B-Application
upon	O
the	O
next	O
connection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internet	O
mail	O
servers	O
using	O
POP3	B-Protocol
or	O
IMAP4	B-Protocol
send	O
the	O
messages	O
uncompressed	B-General_Concept
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
protocol	O
,	O
and	O
outbound	O
messages	O
using	O
SMTP	B-Protocol
are	O
also	O
uncompressed	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Offline	O
news	O
readers	O
using	O
NNTP	B-Protocol
are	O
similar	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
messages	O
are	O
organized	O
into	O
news	B-Application
groups	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
e-mail	O
protocols	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
common	O
POP3	B-Protocol
and	O
IMAP4	B-Protocol
used	O
for	O
internet	O
mail	O
,	O
need	O
be	O
on-line	O
only	O
during	O
message	O
transfer	O
;	O
the	O
same	O
applies	O
to	O
the	O
NNTP	B-Protocol
protocol	O
used	O
by	O
Usenet	B-Application
(	O
Network	O
news	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
end-user	O
mailers	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Outlook	B-Application
Express	I-Application
and	O
AOL	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
offline	O
even	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
mainly	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
online	O
,	O
but	O
some	O
mailers	O
such	O
as	O
Juno	O
are	O
mainly	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
offline	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Off-line	O
mail	O
readers	O
are	O
generally	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
those	O
systems	O
that	O
did	O
not	O
originally	O
offer	O
such	O
functionality	O
,	O
notably	O
on	O
bulletin	B-Application
board	I-Application
systems	I-Application
where	O
toll	O
charges	O
and	O
tying	O
up	O
telephone	O
lines	O
were	O
a	O
major	O
concern	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
of	O
large	O
networks	O
such	O
as	O
FidoNet	O
regularly	O
used	O
offline	B-Protocol
mail	I-Protocol
readers	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
also	O
used	O
for	O
UseNet	B-Application
messages	O
on	O
the	O
internet	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
also	O
an	O
on-line	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
two	O
most	O
common	O
formats	O
for	O
FidoNet	O
BBS	O
's	O
were	O
Blue	B-Protocol
Wave	I-Protocol
and	O
QWK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Less	O
well-known	O
examples	O
include	O
Silver	O
Xpress	O
's	O
OPX	O
,	O
XRS	B-General_Concept
,	O
OMEM	O
,	O
SOUP	O
and	O
ZipMail	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Name	O
Publisher	O
License	O
Platform	O
Golden	O
CommPass	O
(	O
GCP	O
)	O
Creative	O
Systems	O
Programming	O
Corporation	O
Paid	O
OS/2	O
Hamster	O
Mathias	O
Dolidon	O
Free	B-Application
software	I-Application
Windows	O
,	O
Linux	O
,	O
OS	O
X	O
,	O
Unix	O
HTTrack	B-Language
HTTrack.com	O
Free	B-Application
software	I-Application
Windows	O
,	O
Linux	O
,	O
OS	O
X	O
,	O
Unix	O
Leech	O
Universal	O
Commerce	O
,	O
Issaquah	O
Shareware	B-License
Windows	O
MR/2	O
Knight	O
Writer	O
Software	O
Company	O
Shareware	B-License
OS/2	O
MR/2	O
PM	O
Knight	O
Writer	O
Software	O
Company	O
Shareware	B-License
OS/2	O
MR/2	O
ICE	O
SecantAlphacat	O
Shareware	B-License
OS/2Windows	O
Off	O
Line	O
Xpress	O
Mustang	O
Softwre	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
</s>
