<s>
The	O
Office	B-Operating_System
Open	I-Operating_System
XML	I-Operating_System
file	I-Operating_System
formats	I-Operating_System
are	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
file	O
formats	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
represent	O
electronic	O
office	O
documents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
formats	O
for	O
word	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
documents	O
,	O
spreadsheets	B-Application
and	O
presentations	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
specific	O
formats	O
for	O
material	O
such	O
as	O
mathematical	O
formulae	O
,	O
graphics	O
,	O
bibliographies	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
formats	O
were	O
developed	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
and	O
first	O
appeared	O
in	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
2007	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
were	O
standardized	O
between	O
December	O
2006	O
and	O
November	O
2008	O
,	O
first	O
by	O
the	O
Ecma	O
International	O
consortium	O
,	O
where	O
they	O
became	O
ECMA-376	O
,	O
and	O
subsequently	O
,	O
after	O
a	O
contentious	B-Architecture
standardization	I-Architecture
process	I-Architecture
,	O
by	O
the	O
ISO/IEC	O
'	O
s	O
Joint	O
Technical	O
Committee	O
1	O
,	O
where	O
they	O
became	O
ISO/IEC	O
29500:2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Office	O
Open	O
XML	B-Protocol
documents	I-Protocol
are	O
stored	O
in	O
Open	O
Packaging	O
Conventions	O
(	O
OPC	O
)	O
packages	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
ZIP	B-General_Concept
files	I-General_Concept
containing	O
XML	B-Protocol
and	O
other	O
data	O
files	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
specification	O
of	O
the	O
relationships	O
between	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
application	O
will	O
use	O
the	O
relationships	O
files	O
to	O
locate	O
individual	O
sections	O
(	O
files	O
)	O
,	O
with	O
each	O
having	O
accompanying	O
metadata	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
MIME	B-Protocol
metadata	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
basic	O
package	O
contains	O
an	O
XML	B-Protocol
file	O
called	O
[Content_Types].xml	O
at	O
the	O
root	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
three	O
directories	O
:	O
_rels	O
,	O
docProps	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
directory	O
specific	O
for	O
the	O
document	O
type	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
.docx	B-Operating_System
word	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
package	O
,	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
word	O
directory	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
word	O
directory	O
contains	O
the	O
document.xml	O
file	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
core	O
content	O
of	O
the	O
document	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
[Content_Types].xml	O
This	O
file	O
provided	O
MIME	B-Protocol
type	O
information	O
for	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
package	O
,	O
using	O
defaults	O
for	O
certain	O
file	O
extensions	O
and	O
overrides	O
for	O
parts	O
specified	O
by	O
IRI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
content	O
types	O
file	O
had	O
any	O
relationships	O
,	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
file	O
called	O
[Content_Types].xml.rels	O
inside	O
the	O
_rels	O
directory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Viewing	O
in	O
a	O
text	B-Application
editor	I-Application
,	O
one	O
will	O
see	O
it	O
outlines	O
each	O
relationship	O
for	O
that	O
section	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
minimal	O
document	O
containing	O
only	O
the	O
basic	O
document.xml	O
file	O
,	O
the	O
relationships	O
detailed	O
are	O
metadata	O
and	O
document.xml	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
docProps/core.xml	O
This	O
file	O
contains	O
the	O
core	O
properties	O
for	O
any	O
Office	O
Open	O
XML	B-Protocol
document	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
word/document.xml	O
This	O
file	O
is	O
the	O
main	O
part	O
for	O
any	O
Word	O
document	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
example	O
relationship	O
file	O
(	O
word/_rels/document.xml.rels	O
)	O
,	O
is	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
document.xml	O
has	O
a	O
relationship	O
to	O
the	O
image	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
a	O
_rels	O
directory	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
directory	O
as	O
document.xml	O
,	O
inside	O
_rels	O
is	O
a	O
file	O
called	O
document.xml.rels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ID	O
is	O
the	O
referenced	O
ID	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
XML	B-Protocol
document	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
type	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
reference	O
schema	B-Language
definition	O
for	O
the	O
media	O
type	O
and	O
the	O
location	O
will	O
be	O
an	O
internal	O
location	O
within	O
the	O
ZIP	B-General_Concept
package	O
or	O
an	O
external	O
location	O
defined	O
with	O
a	O
URL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Office	O
Open	O
XML	B-Protocol
uses	O
the	O
Dublin	O
Core	O
Metadata	O
Element	O
Set	O
and	O
DCMI	O
Metadata	O
Terms	O
to	O
store	O
document	O
properties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
example	O
document	O
properties	O
file	O
(	O
docProps/core.xml	O
)	O
that	O
uses	O
Dublin	O
Core	O
metadata	O
,	O
is	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
Office	O
Open	O
XML	B-Protocol
file	O
may	O
contain	O
several	O
documents	O
encoded	O
in	O
specialized	O
markup	O
languages	O
corresponding	O
to	O
applications	O
within	O
the	O
Microsoft	O
Office	O
product	O
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Office	O
Open	O
XML	B-Protocol
defines	O
multiple	O
vocabularies	O
using	O
27	O
namespaces	B-Language
and	O
89	O
schema	B-Language
modules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
above	O
markup	O
languages	O
custom	O
XML	B-Language
schemas	I-Language
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
extend	O
Office	O
Open	O
XML	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Patrick	O
Durusau	O
,	O
the	O
editor	O
of	O
ODF	B-Application
,	O
has	O
viewed	O
the	O
markup	O
style	O
of	O
OOXML	O
and	O
ODF	B-Application
as	O
representing	O
two	O
sides	O
of	O
a	O
debate	O
:	O
the	O
"	O
element	O
side	O
"	O
and	O
the	O
"	O
attribute	O
side	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
he	O
notes	O
ODF	B-Application
would	O
use	O
the	O
single	O
attribute	O
fo:keep-next	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
an	O
element	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
same	O
semantic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XML	B-Language
Schema	I-Language
of	O
Office	O
Open	O
XML	B-Protocol
emphasizes	O
reducing	O
load	O
time	O
and	O
improving	O
parsing	B-Language
speed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
test	O
with	O
applications	O
current	O
in	O
April	O
2007	O
,	O
XML-based	O
office	O
documents	O
were	O
slower	O
to	O
load	O
than	O
binary	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
enhance	O
performance	O
,	O
Office	O
Open	O
XML	B-Protocol
uses	O
very	O
short	O
element	O
names	O
for	O
common	O
elements	O
and	O
spreadsheets	B-Application
save	O
dates	O
as	O
index	O
numbers	O
(	O
starting	O
from	O
1900	O
or	O
from	O
1904	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
be	O
systematic	O
and	O
generic	O
,	O
Office	O
Open	O
XML	B-Protocol
typically	O
uses	O
separate	O
child	O
elements	O
for	O
data	O
and	O
metadata	O
(	O
element	O
names	O
ending	O
in	O
Pr	O
for	O
properties	O
)	O
rather	O
than	O
using	O
multiple	O
attributes	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
structured	O
properties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Office	O
Open	O
XML	B-Protocol
does	O
not	O
use	O
mixed	O
content	O
but	O
uses	O
elements	O
to	O
put	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
text	O
runs	O
(	O
element	O
name	O
r	O
)	O
into	O
paragraphs	O
(	O
element	O
name	O
p	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
result	O
is	O
terse	O
and	O
highly	O
nested	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
HTML	B-Language
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
fairly	O
flat	O
,	O
designed	O
for	O
humans	O
to	O
write	O
in	O
text	B-Application
editors	I-Application
and	O
is	O
more	O
congenial	O
for	O
humans	O
to	O
read	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
three	O
different	O
syntaxes	O
in	O
OOXML	O
(	O
ECMA-376	O
)	O
for	O
specifying	O
the	O
color	O
and	O
alignment	O
of	O
text	O
depending	O
on	O
whether	O
the	O
document	O
is	O
a	O
text	O
,	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
,	O
or	O
presentation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rob	O
Weir	O
(	O
an	O
IBM	O
employee	O
and	O
co-chair	O
of	O
the	O
OASIS	B-Application
OpenDocument	I-Application
Format	O
TC	O
)	O
asks	O
"	O
What	O
is	O
the	O
engineering	O
justification	O
for	O
this	O
horror	O
?	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
contrasts	O
with	O
OpenDocument	B-Application
:	O
"	O
ODF	B-Application
uses	O
the	O
W3C	O
's	O
XSL-FO	O
vocabulary	O
for	O
text	O
styling	O
,	O
and	O
uses	O
this	O
vocabulary	O
consistently	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2007	O
,	O
the	B-Operating_System
Linux	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
published	O
a	O
blog	O
post	O
calling	O
upon	O
ISO	O
National	O
Bodies	O
to	O
vote	O
"	O
No	O
,	O
with	O
comments	O
"	O
during	O
the	O
International	O
Standardization	B-Architecture
of	I-Architecture
OOXML	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
several	O
cryptographic	O
algorithms	O
,	O
VML	B-Language
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Word	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
documents	O
use	O
the	O
XML	B-Protocol
vocabulary	I-Protocol
known	O
as	O
WordprocessingML	B-Operating_System
normatively	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
schema	B-Language
wml.xsd	O
which	O
accompanies	O
the	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spreadsheet	B-Application
documents	O
use	O
the	O
XML	B-Protocol
vocabulary	I-Protocol
known	O
as	O
SpreadsheetML	B-Operating_System
normatively	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
schema	B-Language
sml.xsd	O
which	O
accompanies	O
the	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
worksheet	O
in	O
a	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
is	O
represented	O
by	O
an	O
XML	B-Protocol
document	I-Protocol
with	O
a	O
root	O
element	O
named	O
in	O
the	O
Namespace	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
representation	O
of	O
date	O
and	O
time	O
values	O
in	O
SpreadsheetML	B-Operating_System
has	O
attracted	O
some	O
criticism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
requires	O
that	O
implementations	O
replicate	O
a	O
Lotus	B-Application
1-2-3	I-Application
bug	O
that	O
erroneously	O
treats	O
1900	O
as	O
a	O
leap	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Products	O
complying	O
with	O
ECMA-376	O
would	O
be	O
required	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
WEEKDAY( )	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
function	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
assign	O
incorrect	O
dates	O
to	O
some	O
days	O
of	O
the	O
week	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
miscalculate	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
days	O
between	O
certain	O
dates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ECMA-376	O
2nd	O
edition	O
(	O
ISO/IEC	O
29500	O
)	O
allows	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
8601:2004	O
"	O
Representation	O
of	O
Dates	O
and	O
Times	O
"	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
Lotus	B-Application
1-2-3	I-Application
bug-compatible	O
form	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Office	O
Math	O
Markup	O
Language	O
is	O
a	O
mathematical	B-Language
markup	I-Language
language	I-Language
which	O
can	O
be	O
embedded	O
in	O
WordprocessingML	B-Operating_System
,	O
with	O
intrinsic	O
support	O
for	O
including	O
word	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
markup	O
like	O
revision	O
markings	O
,	O
footnotes	O
,	O
comments	O
,	O
images	O
and	O
elaborate	O
formatting	O
and	O
styles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OMML	O
format	O
is	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
World	O
Wide	O
Web	O
Consortium	O
(	O
W3C	O
)	O
MathML	B-Language
recommendation	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
support	O
those	O
office	O
features	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
partially	O
compatible	O
through	O
XSL	B-Application
Transformations	I-Application
;	O
tools	O
are	O
provided	O
with	O
office	O
suite	O
and	O
are	O
automatically	O
used	O
via	O
clipboard	O
transformations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
Office	O
MathML	B-Language
example	O
defines	O
the	O
fraction	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
have	O
queried	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
Office	O
MathML	B-Language
(	O
OMML	O
)	O
instead	O
advocating	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
MathML	B-Language
,	O
a	O
W3C	O
recommendation	O
for	O
the	O
"	O
inclusion	O
of	O
mathematical	O
expressions	O
in	O
Web	O
pages	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
machine	O
to	O
machine	O
communication	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DrawingML	O
is	O
the	O
vector	O
graphics	O
markup	O
language	O
used	O
in	O
Office	O
Open	O
XML	B-Protocol
documents	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DrawingML	O
table	O
is	O
the	O
third	O
table	O
model	O
in	O
Office	O
Open	O
XML	B-Protocol
(	O
next	O
to	O
the	O
table	O
models	O
in	O
WordprocessingML	B-Operating_System
and	O
SpreadsheetML	B-Operating_System
)	O
and	O
is	O
optimized	O
for	O
graphical	O
effects	O
and	O
its	O
main	O
use	O
is	O
in	O
presentations	O
created	O
with	O
PresentationML	O
markup	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
create	O
separate	O
DrawingML	O
theme	O
parts	O
in	O
an	O
Office	O
Open	O
XML	B-Protocol
package	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
themes	O
can	O
then	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
graphical	O
elements	O
throughout	O
the	O
Office	O
Open	O
XML	B-Protocol
package	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DrawingML	O
is	O
unrelated	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
vector	O
graphics	O
formats	O
such	O
as	O
SVG	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
can	O
be	O
converted	O
to	O
DrawingML	O
to	O
include	O
natively	O
in	O
an	O
Office	O
Open	O
XML	B-Protocol
document	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
different	O
approach	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
OpenDocument	B-Application
format	I-Application
,	O
which	O
uses	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
SVG	B-Application
,	O
and	O
includes	O
vector	O
graphics	O
as	O
separate	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
have	O
criticised	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
DrawingML	O
(	O
and	O
the	O
transitional-use-only	O
VML	B-Language
)	O
instead	O
of	O
W3C	O
recommendation	O
SVG	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
VML	B-Language
did	O
not	O
become	O
a	O
W3C	O
recommendation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OOXML	O
documents	O
are	O
typically	O
composed	O
of	O
other	O
resources	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
XML	B-Protocol
content	O
(	O
graphics	O
,	O
video	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versions	O
of	O
Office	O
Open	O
XML	B-Protocol
contain	O
what	O
are	O
termed	O
"	O
compatibility	O
settings	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
article	O
in	O
Free	B-Application
Software	I-Application
Magazine	I-Application
has	O
criticized	O
the	O
markup	O
used	O
for	O
these	O
settings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Office	O
Open	O
XML	B-Protocol
uses	O
distinctly	O
named	O
elements	O
for	O
each	O
compatibility	O
setting	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
declared	O
in	O
the	O
schema	B-Language
.	O
</s>
