<s>
Objectivity/DB	B-Application
is	O
a	O
commercial	O
object	B-Application
database	I-Application
produced	O
by	O
Objectivity	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
allows	O
applications	O
to	O
make	O
standard	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
or	O
Python	B-Language
objects	O
persistent	O
without	O
having	O
to	O
convert	O
the	O
data	O
objects	O
into	O
the	O
rows	O
and	O
columns	O
used	O
by	O
a	O
relational	B-Application
database	I-Application
management	I-Application
system	I-Application
(	O
RDBMS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Objectivity/DB	B-Application
supports	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
object	O
oriented	O
languages	O
plus	O
SQL/ODBC	O
and	O
XML	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
runs	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
Macintosh	B-Device
,	O
UNIX	B-Application
and	O
Windows	B-Application
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
of	O
the	O
languages	O
and	O
platforms	O
interoperate	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
Objectivity/DB	B-Application
kernel	O
taking	O
care	O
of	O
compiler	O
and	O
hardware	O
platform	O
differences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Objectivity/DB	B-Application
was	O
first	O
sold	O
in	O
1990	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
C++	B-Language
and	O
Java	B-Language
interfaces	O
for	O
Objectivity/DB	B-Application
incorporate	O
the	O
features	O
defined	O
in	O
the	O
ODMG'93	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
C#	B-Application
and	O
Python	B-Language
interfaces	O
were	O
added	O
subsequently	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Objectivity/DB	B-Application
is	O
a	O
distributed	B-Operating_System
database	I-Operating_System
that	O
provides	O
a	O
single	O
logical	O
view	O
across	O
a	O
federation	O
of	O
databases	O
distributed	O
across	O
the	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
uses	O
a	O
distributed	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
model	O
that	O
links	O
a	O
small	O
software	O
library	O
with	O
the	O
client	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
lock	O
,	O
remote	O
data	O
transfer	O
and	O
query	B-Language
agent	O
server	O
processes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
distributed	O
architecture	O
helps	O
make	O
Objectivity/DB	B-Application
inherently	O
scalable	B-Architecture
and	O
reliable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
sustained	O
ingest	O
rates	O
in	O
excess	O
of	O
one	O
terabyte	O
per	O
hour	O
while	O
simultaneously	O
supporting	O
data	O
fusion	O
and	O
query	B-Language
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Objectivity/DB	B-Application
uses	O
a	O
distributed	O
storage	O
hierarchy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
containers	O
are	O
stored	O
in	O
databases	O
that	O
are	O
cataloged	O
in	O
a	O
federated	B-General_Concept
database	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
largest	O
publicized	O
Objectivity/DB	B-Application
installation	O
,	O
at	O
SLAC	O
's	O
BaBar	O
experiment	O
,	O
stored	O
over	O
a	O
Petabyte	O
of	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Objectivity/DB	B-Application
provides	O
a	O
flexible	O
approach	O
for	O
defining	O
how	O
objects	O
are	O
placed	O
within	O
a	O
given	O
storage	O
hierarchy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Database	O
designers	O
can	O
define	O
a	O
custom	O
placement	O
strategy	O
that	O
is	O
encapsulated	O
in	O
an	O
XML	B-Protocol
configuration	O
file	O
and	O
made	O
available	O
to	O
the	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
links	O
can	O
have	O
a	O
cardinality	B-Application
of	O
1:1	O
,	O
1:many	O
,	O
many:1	O
or	O
many:many	O
and	O
use	O
the	O
OIDs	O
to	O
speed	O
up	O
the	O
navigation	O
of	O
networks	O
of	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OIDs	O
are	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
support	O
of	O
scalable	B-Architecture
collections	O
(	O
tree	O
,	O
list	O
,	O
set	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
)	O
,	O
indices	O
and	O
hash	B-Algorithm
tables	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eliminating	O
the	O
relational	O
Join	B-Language
operations	O
inherent	O
in	O
a	O
relational	O
database	O
gives	O
Objectivity/DB	B-Application
a	O
performance	O
advantage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Objectivity/DB	B-Application
is	O
also	O
different	O
from	O
RDBMSs	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
in	O
which	O
it	O
handles	O
queries	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Objectivity/DB	B-Application
Parallel	O
Query	B-Language
Engine	O
splits	O
queries	B-Language
into	O
subtasks	O
directed	O
at	O
individual	O
databases	O
or	O
containers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Remote	O
query	B-Language
agents	O
service	O
each	O
subtask	O
and	O
return	O
results	O
to	O
the	O
iterator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Parallel	O
Query	B-Language
Engine	O
has	O
two	O
replaceable	O
components	O
:	O
a	O
splitter	O
that	O
can	O
determine	O
how	O
to	O
best	O
subdivide	O
the	O
task	O
and	O
a	O
filter	O
in	O
the	O
query	B-Language
agent	O
that	O
can	O
further	O
refine	O
a	O
query	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
query	B-Language
involving	O
cities	O
in	O
Europe	O
might	O
be	O
split	O
into	O
forty	O
nine	O
subtasks	O
,	O
one	O
for	O
each	O
country	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
filter	O
might	O
access	O
an	O
external	O
data	O
source	O
before	O
qualifying	O
or	O
disqualifying	O
the	O
objects	O
that	O
the	O
Query	B-Language
Agent	O
has	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
Objectivity/DB	B-Application
database	O
or	O
container	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Databases	O
and	O
system	O
data	O
(	O
catalogs	O
and	O
schema	B-Application
)	O
can	O
be	O
replicated	O
to	O
multiple	O
locations	O
using	O
a	O
quorum	O
based	O
synchronous	O
replication	O
mechanism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
distributed	B-Operating_System
database	I-Operating_System
and	O
processing	O
architecture	O
of	O
Objectivity/DB	B-Application
has	O
allowed	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
many	O
grid	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Objectivity	O
For	O
Java	B-Language
has	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
J2EE	B-Language
Connector	I-Language
Architecture	I-Language
(	O
JCA	O
)	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
distributed	O
architecture	O
of	O
Objectivity/DB	B-Application
is	O
equally	O
applicable	O
to	O
cloud	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Objectivity/DB	B-Application
is	O
generally	O
used	O
in	O
data	O
intensive	O
or	O
real-time	O
applications	O
that	O
manipulate	O
highly	O
complex	O
,	O
inter-related	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
deployments	O
were	O
primarily	O
in	O
Computer-Aided	B-Application
Design	I-Application
and	O
engineering	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
telecom	O
equipment	O
manufacturers	O
started	O
embedding	O
Objectivity/DB	B-Application
in	O
advanced	O
intelligent	O
network	O
and	O
element	O
management	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
number	O
of	O
process	O
control	O
,	O
manufacturing	O
and	O
medical	O
instrumentation	O
systems	O
incorporate	O
Objectivity/DB	B-Application
because	O
of	O
its	O
real-time	O
performance	O
and	O
high	O
availability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Defense	O
contractors	O
and	O
large	O
science	O
projects	O
started	O
using	O
Objectivity/DB	B-Application
in	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Objectivity/DB	B-Application
has	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
astrophysics	O
,	O
high	O
energy	O
physics	O
,	O
fusion	O
,	O
earth	O
sciences	O
,	O
hydrography	O
and	O
bioinformatics	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
choice	O
of	O
an	O
RDBMS	O
or	O
an	O
ODBMS	B-Application
depends	O
on	O
many	O
factors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
ODBMS	B-Application
can	O
be	O
ideal	O
in	O
a	O
compute	O
or	O
data	O
intensive	O
object	O
oriented	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
if	O
an	O
RDBMS	O
can	O
comfortably	O
meet	O
the	O
functional	O
and	O
performance	O
requirements	O
of	O
an	O
application	O
with	O
the	O
available	O
programming	O
resources	O
then	O
there	O
is	O
probably	O
no	O
need	O
to	O
consider	O
an	O
ODBMS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
