<s>
Object	B-Device
hyperlinking	I-Device
is	O
a	O
term	O
that	O
refers	O
to	O
extending	O
the	O
Internet	O
to	O
objects	O
and	O
locations	O
in	O
the	O
real	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Object	B-Device
hyperlinking	I-Device
aims	O
to	O
extend	O
the	O
Internet	O
to	O
the	O
physical	O
world	O
by	O
attaching	O
tags	O
with	O
URLs	O
to	O
tangible	O
objects	O
or	O
locations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
object	O
tags	O
can	O
then	O
be	O
read	O
by	O
a	O
wireless	O
mobile	B-Application
device	I-Application
and	O
information	O
about	O
objects	O
and	O
locations	O
retrieved	O
and	O
displayed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
object	B-Device
hyperlinking	I-Device
may	O
also	O
be	O
sensible	O
for	O
contexts	O
other	O
than	O
the	O
Internet	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
with	O
data	O
objects	O
in	O
data	B-Application
base	I-Application
administering	O
or	O
with	O
text	O
content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
object	B-Device
hyperlinking	I-Device
system	O
requires	O
seven	O
components	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
mobile	B-Application
device	I-Application
such	O
as	O
a	O
mobile	O
telephone	O
,	O
a	O
PDA	B-Application
or	O
a	O
portable	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additional	O
software	O
for	O
the	O
mobile	B-Application
device	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
commonly	O
open	O
wireless	O
network	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
existing	O
2G	O
and	O
3G	B-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
,	O
for	O
communication	O
between	O
the	O
portable	B-Application
device	I-Application
and	O
the	O
server	O
containing	O
the	O
information	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
tagged	O
object	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
information	O
could	O
be	O
in	O
existing	O
WWW	O
pages	O
,	O
existing	O
databases	B-Application
of	O
price	O
information	O
etc.	O
,	O
or	O
have	O
been	O
specially	O
created	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
radio	B-Application
frequency	I-Application
identification	I-Application
device	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
an	O
'	O
Arphid	B-Application
 '	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
small	O
transponder	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
read	O
at	O
short	O
range	O
by	O
a	O
transceiver	O
(	O
reader	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
RFID	B-Application
tags	I-Application
can	O
be	O
very	O
small	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
often	O
embedded	O
in	O
a	O
more	O
visible	O
marker	O
to	O
allow	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
located	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
RFID	B-Application
reader	O
can	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
an	O
existing	O
mobile	O
telephone	O
as	O
a	O
shell	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
and	O
more	O
mobile	O
phones	O
have	O
RFID/NFC	O
capability	O
,	O
since	O
such	O
RFID/NFC	O
enabled	O
mobiles	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
cashless	O
payments	O
and	O
other	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
applications	O
for	O
RFID	B-Application
enabled	O
mobiles	O
include	O
swapping	O
electronic	O
business	O
cards	O
between	O
phones	O
,	O
and	O
using	O
a	O
mobile	O
to	O
check	O
in	O
at	O
an	O
airport	O
or	O
hotel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
RFID	B-Application
enabled	O
devices	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
enable	O
peer-to-peer	O
transfer	O
of	O
data	O
such	O
as	O
music	O
,	O
images	O
or	O
for	O
synchronizing	O
address	O
books	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
location-based	B-Application
services	I-Application
a	O
mobile	O
phone	O
that	O
enters	O
a	O
particular	O
area	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
retrieve	O
all	O
URLs	O
associated	O
with	O
that	O
area	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
hardlink	B-Device
is	O
an	O
alphanumeric	O
combination	O
such	O
as	O
an	O
object	O
's	O
common	O
name	O
or	O
part	O
number	O
that	O
when	O
entered	O
into	O
a	O
cell	O
phone	O
's	O
web	O
browser	O
,	O
targeting	O
a	O
hardlink	B-Device
database	O
,	O
returns	O
information	O
that	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
stored	O
about	O
the	O
target	O
object	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
several	O
methods	O
of	O
object	B-Device
hyperlinking	I-Device
including	O
graphical	O
tags	O
(	O
2D	O
barcodes	O
)	O
,	O
SMS	O
tags	O
and	O
RFID	B-Application
tags	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hardlink	B-Device
method	O
establishes	O
a	O
reference	O
link	O
between	O
a	O
physical	O
world	O
object	O
and	O
a	O
.mobi	O
web	O
page	O
just	O
as	O
a	O
traditional	O
hyperlink	O
establishes	O
an	O
electronic	O
reference	O
to	O
information	O
on	O
a	O
Web	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
common	O
cell	O
phone	O
is	O
the	O
medium	O
of	O
this	O
information	O
exchange	O
that	O
is	O
initiated	O
whenever	O
a	O
user	O
makes	O
a	O
connection	O
with	O
a	O
hardlink	B-Device
database	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Objecs.mobi,	O
and	O
enters	O
some	O
alphanumeric	O
sequence	O
found	O
on	O
the	O
target	O
object	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
concept	O
is	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
'	O
physical	O
world	O
connection	O
 '	O
,	O
Object	B-Device
hyperlinking	I-Device
and	O
Physical	B-Device
world	I-Device
hyperlink	I-Device
,	O
or	O
simply	O
phylink	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
companies	O
developing	O
,	O
what	O
are	O
currently	O
,	O
non-standardized	O
methods	O
of	O
creating	O
this	O
connection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
topic	O
is	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
confused	O
with	O
,	O
a	O
hard	B-Application
link	I-Application
(	O
two	O
words	O
)	O
which	O
is	O
Unix	O
terminology	O
for	O
a	O
pointer	O
to	O
physical	O
data	O
on	O
a	O
storage	O
volume	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hardlink	B-Device
method	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
a	O
graphical	O
object	O
tag	O
or	O
any	O
special	O
software	O
be	O
loaded	O
on	O
the	O
users	O
cell	O
phone	O
,	O
but	O
does	O
require	O
the	O
phone	O
be	O
internet	O
enabled	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
consumer	O
use	O
and	O
market	O
for	O
object	B-Device
hyperlinking	I-Device
methods	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
small	O
and	O
limited	O
one	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	O
with	O
a	O
slightly	O
larger	O
audience	O
of	O
users	O
in	O
some	O
eastern	O
countries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
Japan	O
,	O
few	O
US	O
cell	O
phone	O
providers	O
currently	O
offer	O
graphical	O
tag	O
readers	O
or	O
other	O
support	O
for	O
object	B-Device
hyperlinking	I-Device
methods	O
and	O
this	O
will	O
likely	O
continue	O
until	O
a	O
clear	O
linking	O
method	O
becomes	O
dominant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
object	B-Device
hyperlinking	I-Device
systems	O
described	O
above	O
will	O
make	O
it	O
possible	O
to	O
link	O
comprehensive	O
and	O
editable	O
information	O
to	O
any	O
object	O
or	O
location	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
when	O
a	O
3220	O
phone	O
with	O
the	O
RFID	B-Application
shell	O
attached	O
is	O
tapped	O
against	O
an	O
RFID-enabled	O
advertisement	O
,	O
a	O
URL	O
can	O
be	O
read	O
and	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
advertised	O
product	O
or	O
service	O
returned	O
to	O
the	O
phone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
alternative	O
to	O
using	O
2d	O
barcodes	O
is	O
to	O
apply	O
computer	B-Application
vision	I-Application
techniques	O
to	O
identify	O
more	O
complex	O
patterns	O
and	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Companies	O
like	O
kooaba	B-General_Concept
,	O
Daem	O
,	O
or	O
Neven	O
Vision	O
(	O
acquired	O
by	O
Google	O
in	O
2006	O
)	O
develop	O
image	O
recognition	O
platforms	O
to	O
turn	O
any	O
image	O
into	O
object	O
hyperlinks	O
.	O
</s>
