<s>
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Mountain	I-Operating_System
Lion	I-Operating_System
(	O
version	O
10.8	B-Operating_System
)	O
is	O
the	O
ninth	O
major	O
release	O
of	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
Apple	O
Inc.	O
'	O
s	O
desktop	O
and	O
server	B-Application
operating	O
system	O
for	O
Macintosh	B-Device
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Mountain	I-Operating_System
Lion	I-Operating_System
was	O
released	O
on	O
July	O
25	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
for	O
purchase	O
and	O
download	O
through	O
Apple	O
's	O
Mac	B-Application
App	I-Application
Store	I-Application
,	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
switch	O
to	O
releasing	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
versions	O
online	O
and	O
every	O
year	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
every	O
two	O
years	O
or	O
so	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Named	O
to	O
signify	O
its	O
status	O
as	O
a	O
refinement	O
of	O
the	O
previous	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
version	O
,	O
Lion	B-Application
,	O
Apple	O
's	O
stated	O
aims	O
in	O
developing	O
Mountain	O
Lion	B-Application
were	O
to	O
allow	O
users	O
to	O
more	O
easily	O
manage	O
and	O
synchronise	O
content	O
between	O
multiple	O
Apple	O
devices	O
and	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
operating	O
system	O
more	O
familiar	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operating	O
system	O
gained	O
the	O
new	O
malware-blocking	O
system	O
Gatekeeper	B-Operating_System
and	O
integration	O
with	O
Apple	O
's	O
online	O
Game	B-Operating_System
Center	I-Operating_System
and	O
iCloud	B-Application
services	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
Safari	B-Application
web	I-Application
browser	I-Application
was	O
updated	O
to	O
version	O
6	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
on	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Notes	B-Operating_System
and	O
Reminders	B-Application
became	O
full	O
applications	O
,	O
separate	O
from	O
Mail	B-Operating_System
and	O
Calendar	B-Operating_System
,	O
while	O
the	O
iChat	B-Protocol
application	O
was	O
replaced	O
with	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
iOS	B-Application
's	O
Messages	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mountain	O
Lion	B-Application
also	O
added	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
iOS	B-Application
's	O
Notification	B-Operating_System
Center	I-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
groups	O
updates	O
from	O
different	O
applications	O
in	O
one	O
place	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integrated	O
links	O
allowing	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
rapidly	O
transfer	O
content	O
to	O
Twitter	B-Application
were	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
operating	O
system	O
from	O
launch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
integration	O
was	O
also	O
planned	O
but	O
unfinished	O
at	O
launch	O
date	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Mountain	I-Operating_System
Lion	I-Operating_System
received	O
positive	O
reviews	O
,	O
with	O
critics	O
praising	O
Notification	B-Operating_System
Center	I-Operating_System
,	O
Messages	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
speed	O
improvements	O
over	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
Lion	I-Application
,	O
while	O
criticizing	O
iCloud	B-Application
for	O
unreliability	O
and	O
Game	B-Operating_System
Center	I-Operating_System
for	O
lack	O
of	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mountain	O
Lion	B-Application
sold	O
three	O
million	O
units	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
four	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
sold	O
28	O
million	O
units	O
as	O
of	O
June	O
10	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
Apple	O
's	O
most	O
popular	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mountain	O
Lion	B-Application
was	O
the	O
last	O
paid	O
upgrade	O
for	O
an	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
major	O
release	O
,	O
with	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Mavericks	I-Operating_System
and	O
later	O
being	O
free	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
later	O
allowed	O
free	O
downloads	O
of	O
the	O
OS	O
,	O
especially	O
for	O
customers	O
of	O
older	O
and	O
no	O
longer	O
officially	O
supported	O
Macintosh	B-Device
computers	O
,	O
starting	O
on	O
June	O
30	O
,	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
same	O
practice	O
was	O
also	O
applied	O
to	O
its	O
predecessor	O
,	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
Lion	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Mountain	I-Operating_System
Lion	I-Operating_System
was	O
officially	O
announced	O
by	O
Apple	O
on	O
their	O
website	O
on	O
February	O
16	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
successor	O
to	O
OS	O
X	O
Lion	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
Apple	O
Worldwide	O
Developers	O
Conference	O
keynote	O
on	O
June	O
11	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
a	O
"	O
near	O
final	O
"	O
release	O
version	O
of	O
Mountain	O
Lion	B-Application
for	O
developers	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
public	O
version	O
arriving	O
in	O
July	O
2012	O
at	O
a	O
price	O
tag	O
of	O
US	O
$19.99	O
(	O
€15.99	O
in	O
Europe	O
,	O
£13.99	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
,	O
$20.99	O
in	O
Australia	O
and	O
￥128	O
in	O
Mainland	O
China	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
third	B-Device
generation	I-Device
MacBook	I-Device
Pro	I-Device
,	O
revised	O
MacBook	B-Device
Air	I-Device
,	O
iPad	O
Smart	O
Case	O
,	O
and	O
third-generation	O
AirPort	O
Express	O
were	O
announced	O
at	O
the	O
keynote	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
released	O
to	O
the	O
Mac	B-Application
App	I-Application
Store	I-Application
on	O
July	O
25	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
where	O
it	O
sold	O
3	O
million	O
units	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
four	O
days	O
of	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
update	O
for	O
Mountain	O
Lion	B-Application
,	O
version	O
10.8.1	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
August	O
23	O
,	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
resolved	O
issues	O
with	O
iMessages	O
,	O
Migration	O
Assistant	O
,	O
Safari	B-Application
,	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Exchange	I-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
,	O
Mail	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
many	O
other	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tests	O
of	O
the	O
update	O
revealed	O
that	O
10.8.1	O
also	O
improved	O
battery	O
life	O
on	O
laptops	O
,	O
albeit	O
gaining	O
back	O
only	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
battery	O
life	O
that	O
was	O
lost	O
in	O
updating	O
to	O
Mountain	O
Lion	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
10.8.1	O
improved	O
battery	O
life	O
for	O
some	O
customers	O
,	O
others	O
continue	O
to	O
complain	O
about	O
reduced	O
battery	O
life	O
and	O
a	O
constant	O
drop	O
in	O
battery	O
health	O
,	O
ultimately	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
"	O
Service	O
Battery	O
"	O
message	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
official	O
system	O
requirements	O
of	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.8	I-Operating_System
are	O
2	O
GB	O
RAM	O
,	O
8	O
GB	O
available	O
storage	O
,	O
Mac	O
OS	O
X	O
10.6.8	O
(	O
Snow	B-Device
Leopard	I-Device
)	O
or	O
later	O
,	O
on	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
Macs	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
in	O
10.7	B-Application
,	O
the	O
earliest	O
models	O
supporting	O
AirDrop	O
are	O
the	O
early-2009	O
iMac	O
,	O
late-2008	O
MacBook	B-Operating_System
,	O
late-2010	O
MacBook	B-Device
Air	I-Device
,	O
late-2008	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
,	O
mid-2010	O
Mac	B-Device
Mini	I-Device
,	O
and	O
early-2009	O
Mac	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
with	O
an	O
AirPort	O
Extreme	O
card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Power	O
Nap	O
is	O
supported	O
on	O
the	O
mid-2011	O
or	O
newer	O
MacBook	B-Device
Air	I-Device
and	O
the	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
with	O
Retina	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
technical	O
basis	O
for	O
these	O
requirements	O
is	O
incompatibility	O
with	O
32-bit	O
EFI	B-Architecture
and	O
32-bit	O
kernel	O
extensions	O
(	O
most	O
importantly	O
,	O
drivers	O
for	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
shipped	O
in	O
some	O
older	O
Macs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
prevent	O
potentially	O
incompatible	O
systems	O
from	O
installing	O
10.8	B-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
installer	O
contains	O
a	O
whitelist	O
of	O
supported	O
motherboard	O
IDs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
have	O
bypassed	O
these	O
limitations	O
so	O
that	O
10.8	B-Operating_System
may	O
run	O
with	O
varying	O
functionality	O
on	O
some	O
officially	O
unsupported	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notification	B-Operating_System
Center	I-Operating_System
was	O
added	O
in	O
the	O
operating	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
may	O
choose	O
what	O
applications	O
appear	O
in	O
Notification	B-Operating_System
Center	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
how	O
they	O
are	O
handled	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notification	B-Operating_System
Center	I-Operating_System
can	O
be	O
accessed	O
by	O
clicking	O
the	O
icon	O
in	O
the	O
right	O
corner	O
of	O
the	O
menu	O
bar	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
open	O
,	O
the	O
user	O
can	O
click	O
a	O
button	O
to	O
tweet	B-Application
,	O
post	B-Application
status	O
updates	O
to	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
or	O
view	O
all	O
notifications	O
in	O
the	O
sidebar	O
pane	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Swiping	O
up	O
will	O
reveal	O
the	O
option	O
to	O
disable	O
Notification	B-Operating_System
Center	I-Operating_System
for	O
one	O
day	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
settings	O
of	O
Notification	B-Operating_System
Center	I-Operating_System
can	O
be	O
customized	O
under	O
the	O
"	O
Notifications	O
"	O
pane	O
in	O
System	B-Operating_System
Preferences	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
can	O
click	O
and	O
drag	O
an	O
app	O
in	O
the	O
pane	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
order	O
the	O
applications	O
are	O
displayed	O
within	O
Notification	B-Operating_System
Center	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
