<s>
ORVYL	B-Application
is	O
a	O
time-sharing	B-General_Concept
monitor	O
developed	O
by	O
Stanford	O
University	O
for	O
IBM	B-Application
System/360	I-Application
and	O
System/370	B-Device
computers	O
in	O
1967	O
–	O
68	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ORVYL	B-Application
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
time-sharing	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
to	O
be	O
made	O
available	O
for	O
IBM	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wylbur	B-Application
is	O
a	O
text	B-Application
editor	I-Application
and	O
word	B-General_Concept
processor	I-General_Concept
program	O
designed	O
to	O
work	O
either	O
without	O
ORVYL	B-Application
,	O
or	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
ORVYL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
names	O
ORVYL	B-Application
and	I-Application
WYLBUR	I-Application
are	O
often	O
used	O
interchangeably	O
,	O
but	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
ORVYL	B-Application
is	O
a	O
timesharing	B-General_Concept
monitor	O
that	O
supports	O
a	O
file	O
system	O
,	O
command	O
language	O
,	O
program	O
execution	O
and	O
debugging	O
,	O
and	O
provides	O
supervisor	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
version	O
runs	O
only	O
on	O
a	O
360/67	B-Device
,	O
but	O
later	O
versions	O
run	O
on	O
a	O
System/370	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
WYLBUR	B-Application
is	O
a	O
text	B-Application
editor	I-Application
,	O
word	B-General_Concept
processor	I-General_Concept
,	O
job	O
submission	O
and	O
retrieval	O
,	O
and	O
e-mail	O
program	O
designed	O
to	O
work	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
ORVYL	B-Application
or	O
with	O
IBM	O
's	O
OS/360	B-Application
,	O
SVS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
MVS	B-Application
operating	I-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
MILTEN	O
is	O
terminal	O
control	O
software	O
used	O
by	O
both	O
ORVYL	B-Application
and	I-Application
WYLBUR	I-Application
for	O
start/stop	O
terminals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WYLBUR	B-Application
is	O
not	O
a	O
full	O
standalone	O
operating	O
system	O
in	O
the	O
mold	O
of	O
Dartmouth	B-Operating_System
Time	I-Operating_System
Sharing	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
(	O
DTSS	O
)	O
or	O
Unix	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
it	O
runs	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
an	O
IBM	O
batch	O
operating	O
system	O
(	O
OS/360	B-Application
,	O
SVS	B-Application
,	O
MVS	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
takes	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
an	O
editor	O
with	O
a	O
Remote	O
Job	O
Entry	O
system	O
and	O
thus	O
has	O
much	O
the	O
same	O
relationship	O
to	O
the	O
IBM	O
operating	O
systems	O
as	O
Emacs	B-Application
does	O
to	O
Unix	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
these	O
reasons	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
is	O
often	O
thought	O
of	O
as	O
a	O
text	B-Application
editor	I-Application
rather	O
than	O
a	O
time-sharing	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
whereas	O
Unix	B-Application
does	O
not	O
need	O
Emacs	B-Application
to	O
provide	O
text	B-Application
editing	I-Application
services	O
,	O
IBM	O
's	O
operating	O
systems	O
originally	O
needed	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
innovations	O
such	O
as	O
IBM	O
's	O
Administrative	B-Protocol
Terminal	I-Protocol
System	I-Protocol
(	O
ATS	O
)	O
,	O
Conversational	O
Remote	O
Batch	O
Entry	O
(	O
CRBE	O
)	O
,	O
Conversational	O
Remote	O
Job	O
Entry	O
(	O
CRJE	O
)	O
and	O
Time	B-Application
Sharing	I-Application
Option	I-Application
(	O
TSO	B-Application
)	O
made	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
less	O
relevant	O
for	O
IBM	O
users	O
and	O
gradually	O
replaced	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ORVYL	B-Application
and	I-Application
WYLBUR	I-Application
were	O
used	O
at	O
the	O
Stanford	O
Linear	O
Accelerator	O
Center	O
(	O
SLAC	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
European	O
Organization	O
for	O
Nuclear	O
Research	O
(	O
CERN	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
U.S.	O
National	O
Institutes	O
of	O
Health	O
(	O
NIH	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
other	O
sites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Retired	O
from	O
most	O
sites	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
owing	O
to	O
concerns	O
about	O
Y2K	B-Error_Name
issues	O
,	O
they	O
remained	O
in	O
use	O
at	O
NIH	O
until	O
December	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ORVYL	B-Application
and	I-Application
WYLBUR	I-Application
are	O
still	O
available	O
as	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
from	O
Stanford	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ORVYL	B-Application
and	I-Application
WYLBUR	I-Application
were	O
much	O
admired	O
as	O
shown	O
by	O
this	O
excerpt	O
from	O
a	O
2004	O
article	O
titled	O
"	O
Computing	O
at	O
CERN	O
:	O
the	O
mainframe	O
era	O
"	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
[	O
In	O
1976	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
S/370	I-Device
-168	O
]	O
also	O
brought	O
with	O
it	O
the	O
MVS	B-Application
(	O
Multiple	B-Application
Virtual	I-Application
Storage	I-Application
)	O
operating	O
system	O
,	O
with	O
its	O
pedantic	O
Job	B-Application
Control	I-Application
Language	I-Application
,	O
and	O
it	O
provided	O
the	O
opportunity	O
for	O
CERN	O
to	O
introduce	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
,	O
the	O
well-loved	O
,	O
cleverly	O
designed	O
and	O
friendly	O
time-sharing	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
developed	O
at	O
SLAC	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
its	O
beautifully	O
handwritten	O
and	O
illustrated	O
manual	O
by	O
John	O
Ehrman	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WYLBUR	B-Application
was	O
a	O
masterpiece	O
of	O
design	O
,	O
achieving	O
miracles	O
with	O
little	O
power	O
(	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
)	O
shared	O
amongst	O
many	O
simultaneous	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ORVYL	B-Application
and	I-Application
WYLBUR	I-Application
first	O
became	O
available	O
in	O
1967	O
–	O
68	O
,	O
before	O
TSS/360	B-Application
,	O
TSO	B-Application
,	O
or	O
any	O
other	O
official	O
time-sharing	B-General_Concept
solution	O
from	O
IBM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
roughly	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
that	O
third-party	O
time-sharing	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
such	O
as	O
MTS	B-Application
became	O
available	O
and	O
the	O
under	O
the	O
radar	O
development	O
effort	O
of	O
CP-67	B-Application
at	O
IBM	O
's	O
own	O
Cambridge	O
Scientific	O
Center	O
took	O
place	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WYLBUR	B-Application
had	O
the	O
additional	O
advantage	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
IBM	O
's	O
mainstream	O
operating	O
system	O
,	O
OS/360	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
WYLBUR	B-Application
is	O
a	O
single-address-space	O
system	O
,	O
unlike	O
TSO	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
So	O
even	O
when	O
TSO	B-Application
was	O
available	O
,	O
organizations	O
seeking	O
to	O
minimize	O
memory	O
use	O
would	O
often	O
keep	O
some	O
or	O
even	O
a	O
majority	O
of	O
their	O
users	O
on	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
rather	O
than	O
letting	O
them	O
use	O
the	O
TSO	B-Application
interactive	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WYLBUR	B-Application
provides	O
compressed	O
Partitioned	O
Data	O
Sets	O
(	O
PDSs	O
,	O
aka	O
libraries	O
)	O
to	O
save	O
disk	O
space	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
MVS	B-Application
,	O
source	O
code	O
is	O
typically	O
stored	O
as	O
a	O
sequence	O
of	O
card	O
images	O
(	O
80	O
character	O
lines	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WYLBUR	B-Application
implements	O
stream-oriented	O
storage	O
of	O
text	O
in	O
PDSs	O
,	O
(	O
and	O
sequential	O
data	O
sets	O
)	O
so	O
that	O
a	O
one	O
character	O
line	O
might	O
only	O
take	O
16	O
characters	O
(	O
line	O
length	O
,	O
offset	O
,	O
chunk	O
length	O
,	O
character	O
)	O
rather	O
than	O
80	O
to	O
store	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WYLBUR	B-Application
,	O
or	O
an	O
external	O
program	O
run	O
via	O
JCL	B-Application
,	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
convert	O
files	O
to	O
and	O
from	O
the	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
EDIT	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
TSO	B-Application
allows	O
a	O
user	O
to	O
do	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
locked-down	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
system	O
did	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
write	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
Exec	O
scripts	O
that	O
execute	O
batch	O
jobs	O
to	O
perform	O
functions	O
that	O
ordinarily	O
would	O
have	O
required	O
a	O
TSO	B-Application
account	O
,	O
filling	O
a	O
batch	O
job	O
skeleton	O
out	O
with	O
parameters	O
,	O
submitting	O
the	O
batch	O
job	O
,	O
retrieving	O
the	O
output	O
and	O
displaying	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WYLBUR	B-Application
has	O
some	O
security	O
advantages	O
over	O
TSO	B-Application
,	O
and	O
some	O
disadvantages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
analogous	O
to	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
home	O
directory	O
on	O
UNIX	B-Application
,	O
and	O
looks	O
something	O
like	O
WYL.AV99.HCO	O
,	O
where	O
AV99	O
is	O
roughly	O
analogous	O
to	O
the	O
"	O
group	O
"	O
and	O
HCO	O
the	O
"	O
user	O
"	O
within	O
the	O
group	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WYLBUR	B-Application
does	O
n't	O
implement	O
commands	O
such	O
as	O
TSO	B-Application
's	O
alloc	O
which	O
can	O
intentionally	O
or	O
unintentionally	O
prevent	O
others	O
 '	O
access	O
to	O
data	O
files	O
for	O
an	O
extended	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
or	O
use	O
tremendous	O
amounts	O
of	O
memory	O
or	O
CPU	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WYLBUR	B-Application
is	O
a	O
single-address-space	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
there	O
once	O
existed	O
a	O
program	O
written	O
by	O
two	O
college	O
students	O
in	O
the	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
Exec	O
scripting	O
language	O
which	O
could	O
dig	O
the	O
password	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
recently	O
logged	O
on	O
user	O
out	O
of	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
's	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
process	O
runs	O
under	O
the	O
system	O
account	O
assigned	O
to	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
,	O
one	O
is	O
completely	O
dependent	O
on	O
its	O
enforcement	O
of	O
dataset	O
access	O
protections	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
rules	O
set	O
up	O
in	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
WYLBUR	B-Application
implements	O
disk	O
quotas	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
interesting	O
twist	O
:	O
any	O
system	O
user	O
could	O
give	O
away	O
all	O
or	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
quota	O
to	O
other	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
systems	O
running	O
the	O
ACF2	B-Application
security	O
package	O
,	O
a	O
user	O
with	O
accounts	O
in	O
both	O
TSO	B-Application
and	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
that	O
are	O
tied	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
account	O
name	O
could	O
reset	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
their	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
account	O
's	O
security	O
record	O
interactively	O
from	O
within	O
TSO	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
turn	O
a	O
regular	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
user	O
into	O
an	O
administrative	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
user	O
,	O
increase	O
its	O
disk	O
quota	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
least	O
through	O
the	O
1960s	O
,	O
the	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
security	O
rules	O
were	O
not	O
enforced	O
for	O
batch	O
jobs	O
running	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
So	O
,	O
utilities	O
such	O
as	O
IEHLIST	O
and	O
IEBGENER	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
discover	O
,	O
read	O
,	O
and	O
modify	O
files	O
belonging	O
to	O
other	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
users	O
unless	O
you	O
password	O
protected	O
those	O
files	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
operationally	O
awkward	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wylbur	B-Application
had	O
a	O
special	O
edit	O
format	O
for	O
Wylbur	B-Application
data	O
sets	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
compressed	O
and	O
have	O
a	O
line	O
number	O
and	O
revision	O
flag	O
for	O
each	O
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
Wylbur	B-Application
supports	O
standard	O
FB	O
and	O
VB	O
datasets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Wylbur	B-Application
user	O
normally	O
specifies	O
a	O
default	O
volume	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
special	O
word	O
CATLG	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wylbur	B-Application
has	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
convert	O
line	O
numbers	O
between	O
edit	O
and	O
IBM	O
data	O
sets	O
,	O
either	O
as	O
scaled	O
integers	O
or	O
with	O
an	O
explicit	O
decimal	O
point	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wylbur	B-Application
provides	O
a	O
line	O
editor	O
that	O
works	O
with	O
temporary	O
data	O
sets	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
buffers	O
in	O
other	O
editors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wylbur	B-Application
maintains	O
a	O
current	O
line	O
pointer	O
for	O
each	O
temporary	O
data	O
set	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wylbur	B-Application
libraries	O
have	O
a	O
nonstandard	O
format	O
,	O
however	O
it	O
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
export	O
to	O
native	O
OS	O
files	O
with	O
integer	O
sequence	O
numbers	O
and	O
to	O
import	O
native	O
OS	O
files	O
with	O
integer	O
sequence	O
and	O
rescale	O
the	O
line	O
number	O
by	O
a	O
factor	O
of	O
1000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
pattern	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
regular	B-Language
expression	I-Language
,	O
but	O
the	O
syntax	O
is	O
closer	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
SNOBOL	B-Application
than	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
Unix	B-Application
or	O
Perl	B-Language
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
backtracking	O
and	O
only	O
the	O
NIH	O
Wylbur	B-Application
has	O
capture	O
of	O
subpatterns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Various	O
organizations	O
developed	O
enhanced	O
versions	O
of	O
Wylbur	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
manual	O
describes	O
two	O
related	O
facilities	O
that	O
extend	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
in	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
a	O
programming	O
language	O
that	O
supports	O
structured	O
text	O
entry	O
and	O
text	O
manipulation	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
facility	O
is	O
an	O
extension	O
to	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
's	O
command	O
vocabulary	O
that	O
gives	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
many	O
of	O
the	O
capabilities	O
associated	O
with	O
traditional	O
programming	O
languages	O
,	O
The	O
extension	O
was	O
written	O
by	O
Paul	O
Andersen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
second	O
facility	O
is	O
a	O
batch	O
preprocessor	O
that	O
permits	O
the	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
programmer	O
to	O
develop	O
WYLBUR	B-Application
command	O
programs	O
in	O
a	O
language	O
similar	O
to	O
PL/I	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SuperWylbur	O
has	O
several	O
enhancements	O
over	O
the	O
original	O
Wylbur	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Supporting	O
3270	O
,	O
3767	O
and	O
NTO	O
terminals	O
via	O
VTAM	O
;	O
as	O
with	O
other	O
proprietary	O
Wylbur	B-Application
versions	O
,	O
SuperWylbur	O
does	O
not	O
use	O
MILTEN	O
for	O
VTAM	O
terminals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
macro	O
processor	O
adds	O
commands	O
,	O
constants	O
,	O
functions	O
and	O
expressions	O
to	O
Wylbur	B-Application
.	O
</s>
