<s>
The	O
OLPC	B-Application
XO	I-Application
(	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
$100	B-Application
Laptop	I-Application
,	O
Children	B-Application
's	I-Application
Machine	I-Application
,	O
2B1	B-Application
)	O
is	O
a	O
low	O
cost	O
laptop	B-Device
computer	I-Device
intended	O
to	O
be	O
distributed	O
to	O
children	O
in	O
developing	O
countries	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
to	O
provide	O
them	O
with	O
access	B-Application
to	I-Application
knowledge	I-Application
,	O
and	O
opportunities	O
to	O
"	O
explore	O
,	O
experiment	O
and	O
express	O
themselves	O
"	O
(	O
constructionist	O
learning	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XO	B-Application
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Nicholas	O
Negroponte	O
,	O
a	O
co-founder	O
of	O
MIT	O
's	O
Media	O
Lab	O
,	O
and	O
designed	O
by	O
Yves	O
Behar	O
's	O
Fuseproject	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
laptop	B-Device
is	O
manufactured	O
by	O
Quanta	O
Computer	O
and	O
developed	O
by	O
One	O
Laptop	B-Device
per	O
Child	O
(	O
OLPC	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
non-profit	O
501(c )	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
organization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
subnotebooks	B-Device
were	O
designed	O
for	O
sale	O
to	O
government-education	O
systems	O
which	O
then	O
would	O
give	O
each	O
primary	O
school	O
child	O
their	O
own	O
laptop	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
offered	O
for	O
sale	O
in	O
the	O
Give	O
One	O
Get	O
One	O
campaigns	O
of	O
Q4	O
2006	O
and	O
Q4	O
2007	O
,	O
the	O
laptop	B-Device
was	O
sold	O
at	O
$199	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
rugged	B-Device
,	O
low-power	O
computers	O
use	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
instead	O
of	O
a	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drive	I-Device
(	O
HDD	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
come	O
with	O
a	O
pre-installed	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
derived	O
from	O
Fedora	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
with	O
the	O
Sugar	B-Language
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
GUI	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mobile	O
ad	O
hoc	O
networking	O
via	O
802.11s	O
Wi-Fi	O
mesh	B-Architecture
networking	I-Architecture
,	O
to	O
allow	O
many	O
machines	O
to	O
share	O
Internet	O
access	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
could	O
connect	O
to	O
an	O
access	O
point	O
,	O
was	O
initially	O
announced	O
,	O
but	O
quickly	O
abandoned	O
after	O
proving	O
unreliable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latest	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
OLPC	B-Application
XO	I-Application
is	O
the	O
XO-4	O
Touch	O
,	O
introduced	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
early	O
prototype	O
was	O
unveiled	O
by	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
founder	O
Nicholas	O
Negroponte	O
and	O
then-United	O
Nations	O
Secretary-General	O
Kofi	O
Annan	O
on	O
November	O
16	O
,	O
2005	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
World	O
Summit	O
on	O
the	O
Information	O
Society	O
(	O
WSIS	O
)	O
in	O
Tunis	B-Operating_System
,	O
Tunisia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2006	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
major	O
controversy	O
because	O
Microsoft	O
had	O
suddenly	O
developed	O
an	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
XO	B-Application
project	O
and	O
wanted	O
the	O
formerly	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
effort	O
to	O
run	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
project	O
mission	O
statement	O
changed	O
to	O
remove	O
mentions	O
of	O
"	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quanta	O
indicated	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
ship	O
five	O
million	O
to	O
ten	O
million	O
units	O
that	O
year	O
because	O
seven	O
nations	O
had	O
committed	O
to	O
buy	O
the	O
XO-1	B-Application
for	O
their	O
schoolchildren	O
:	O
Argentina	O
,	O
Brazil	O
,	O
Libya	O
,	O
Nigeria	O
,	O
Rwanda	O
,	O
Thailand	O
,	O
and	O
Uruguay	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quanta	O
plans	O
to	O
offer	O
machines	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
XO-1	B-Application
on	O
the	O
open	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
One	O
Laptop	B-Device
Per	O
Child	O
project	O
originally	O
stated	O
that	O
a	O
consumer	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
XO	B-Application
laptop	I-Application
was	O
not	O
planned	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
each	O
computer	O
purchased	O
at	O
a	O
cost	O
of	O
$399	O
,	O
an	O
XO	B-Application
is	O
also	O
sent	O
to	O
a	O
child	O
in	O
a	O
developing	O
nation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OLPC	O
again	O
restarted	O
the	O
G1G1	O
program	O
through	O
Amazon.com	B-Application
in	O
November	O
2008	O
,	O
but	O
has	O
since	O
stopped	O
as	O
of	O
December	O
2008	O
or	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
20	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
OLPC	O
announced	O
the	O
next	O
generation	O
of	O
XO	B-Application
,	O
OLPC	O
XO-2	O
which	O
was	O
thereafter	O
cancelled	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
the	O
tablet-like	B-Device
designed	O
XO-3	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
2008	O
,	O
the	O
New	O
York	O
City	O
Department	O
of	O
Education	O
began	O
a	O
project	O
to	O
purchase	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
XO	B-Application
computers	O
for	O
use	O
by	O
schoolchildren	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2008	O
the	O
XO	B-Application
was	O
awarded	O
London	O
's	O
Design	O
Museum	O
"	O
Design	O
of	O
the	O
Year	O
"	O
,	O
plus	O
two	O
gold	O
,	O
one	O
silver	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
bronze	O
award	O
at	O
the	O
Industrial	O
Design	O
Society	O
of	O
America	O
's	O
International	O
Design	O
Excellence	O
Awards	O
(	O
IDEAs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XO-1	B-Application
is	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
low-cost	O
,	O
small	O
,	O
durable	O
,	O
and	O
efficient	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
shipped	O
with	O
a	O
slimmed-down	O
version	O
of	O
Fedora	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
a	O
GUI	B-Application
named	O
Sugar	B-Language
that	O
is	O
intended	O
to	O
help	O
young	O
children	O
collaborate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XO-1	B-Application
includes	O
a	O
video	O
camera	O
,	O
a	O
microphone	B-Application
,	O
long-range	O
Wi-Fi	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
hybrid	O
stylus	B-Device
and	O
touchpad	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
keeping	O
with	O
its	O
goals	O
of	O
robustness	O
and	O
low	O
power	O
use	O
,	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
laptop	B-Device
intentionally	O
omits	O
all	O
motor-driven	O
moving	O
parts	O
;	O
it	O
has	O
no	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drive	I-Device
,	O
optical	O
(	O
compact	O
disc	O
(	O
CD	O
)	O
or	O
Digital	O
Video	O
Disc	O
DVD	O
)	O
media	O
,	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drive	I-Device
,	O
or	O
fan	O
(	O
the	O
device	O
is	O
passively	O
cooled	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
No	O
Serial	O
ATA	O
interface	O
is	O
needed	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
hard	B-Device
drive	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Storage	O
is	O
via	O
an	O
internal	O
SD	B-Device
card	I-Device
slot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
also	O
no	O
PC	B-Architecture
card	I-Architecture
slot	O
,	O
although	O
Universal	B-Protocol
Serial	I-Protocol
Bus	I-Protocol
(	O
USB	B-Protocol
)	O
ports	O
are	O
included	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
built-in	O
hand-crank	O
generator	O
was	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
notebook	B-Device
in	O
the	O
original	O
design	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
now	O
an	O
optional	O
clamp-on	O
peripheral	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latest	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
OLPC	B-Application
XO	I-Application
is	O
the	O
XO-4	O
Touch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1200	O
×	O
900	O
7.5inch	O
(	O
19cm	O
)	O
diagonal	O
transflective	B-General_Concept
LCD	I-General_Concept
(	O
200	O
dpi	O
)	O
that	O
uses	O
0.1	O
to	O
1.0	O
W	O
depending	O
on	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first-generation	O
OLPC	O
laptops	B-Device
have	O
a	O
novel	O
low-cost	O
liquid	B-Device
crystal	I-Device
display	I-Device
(	O
LCD	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
electronic	B-Device
visual	I-Device
display	I-Device
is	O
the	O
costliest	O
component	O
in	O
most	O
laptops	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jepsen	O
developed	O
a	O
new	O
display	O
for	O
the	O
first-generation	O
OLPC	O
laptop	B-Device
,	O
inspired	O
by	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
small	O
LCDs	B-Device
used	O
in	O
portable	O
DVD	O
players	O
,	O
which	O
she	O
estimated	O
would	O
cost	O
about	O
$35	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
OLPC	B-Application
XO-1	I-Application
,	O
the	O
screen	O
is	O
estimated	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
second	O
most	O
costly	O
component	O
,	O
after	O
the	O
central	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
unit	I-General_Concept
(	O
CPU	O
)	O
and	O
chipset	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jepsen	O
has	O
described	O
the	O
removal	O
of	O
the	O
filters	O
that	O
color	O
the	O
RGB	O
subpixels	O
as	O
the	O
critical	O
design	O
innovation	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
LCD	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
of	O
using	O
subtractive	O
color	O
filters	O
,	O
the	O
display	O
uses	O
a	O
plastic	O
diffraction	O
grating	O
and	O
lenses	O
on	O
the	O
rear	O
of	O
the	O
LCD	B-Device
to	O
illuminate	O
each	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
red	O
,	O
green	O
,	O
and	O
blue	O
components	O
are	O
diffracted	O
into	O
the	O
correct	O
positions	O
to	O
illuminate	O
the	O
corresponding	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
with	O
R	O
,	O
G	O
or	O
B	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
LCD	B-Device
screens	I-Device
at	O
the	O
time	O
used	O
cold	O
cathode	O
fluorescent	O
lamp	O
backlights	O
which	O
were	O
fragile	O
,	O
difficult	O
or	O
impossible	O
to	O
repair	O
,	O
required	O
a	O
high	O
voltage	O
power	O
supply	O
,	O
were	O
relatively	O
power-hungry	O
,	O
and	O
accounted	O
for	O
50%	O
of	O
the	O
screens	O
 '	O
cost	O
(	O
sometimes	O
60%	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
light-emitting	O
diode	O
(	O
LED	O
)	O
backlight	O
in	O
the	O
XO-1	B-Application
is	O
easily	O
replaceable	O
,	O
rugged	B-Device
,	O
and	O
low-cost	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
remainder	O
of	O
the	O
LCD	B-Device
uses	O
extant	O
display	O
technology	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
using	O
extant	O
manufacturing	O
equipment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
color	O
mode	O
(	O
when	O
lit	O
primarily	O
from	O
the	O
rear	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
display	O
does	O
not	O
use	O
the	O
common	O
RGB	O
pixel	B-General_Concept
geometry	I-General_Concept
for	O
liquid	B-Device
crystal	I-Device
computer	O
displays	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
each	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
contains	O
three	O
tall	O
thin	O
rectangles	O
of	O
the	O
primary	O
colors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
,	O
the	O
XO-1	B-Application
display	O
provides	O
one	O
color	O
for	O
each	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
reduce	O
the	O
color	O
artifacts	O
caused	O
by	O
this	O
pixel	B-General_Concept
geometry	I-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
color	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
image	O
is	O
blurred	O
by	O
the	O
display	O
controller	O
as	O
the	O
image	O
is	O
sent	O
to	O
the	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
the	O
color	O
blurring	O
,	O
the	O
display	O
still	O
has	O
high	O
resolution	O
for	O
its	O
physical	O
size	O
;	O
normal	O
displays	O
put	O
about	O
588(H )	O
×	O
441(V )	O
to	O
882(H )	O
×	O
662(V )	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
in	O
this	O
amount	O
of	O
physical	O
area	O
and	O
support	O
subpixel	O
rendering	O
for	O
slightly	O
higher	O
perceived	O
resolution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Philips	O
Research	O
study	O
measured	O
the	O
XO-1	B-Application
display	O
's	O
perceived	O
color	O
resolution	O
as	O
effectively	O
984(H )	O
×	O
738(V )	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
conventional	O
liquid	B-Device
crystal	I-Device
display	I-Device
with	O
the	O
same	O
number	O
of	O
green	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
(	O
green	O
carries	O
most	O
brightness	O
or	O
luminance	O
information	O
for	O
human	O
eyes	O
)	O
as	O
the	O
OLPC	B-Application
XO-1	I-Application
would	O
be	O
693	O
×	O
520	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
a	O
standard	O
RGB	O
LCD	B-Device
,	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
XO-1	B-Application
display	O
varies	O
with	O
angle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
laptop	B-Device
design	O
specification	O
goals	O
are	O
about	O
2W	O
of	O
power	O
consumed	O
during	O
normal	O
use	O
,	O
far	O
less	O
than	O
the	O
10W	O
to	O
45W	O
of	O
conventional	O
laptops	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
build	O
656	O
,	O
power	O
use	O
is	O
between	O
5	O
and	O
8	O
watts	O
measured	O
on	O
G1G1	O
laptop	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Future	O
software	B-Application
builds	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
2-watt	O
target	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
e-book	O
mode	O
(	O
XO	B-Application
1.5	O
)	O
,	O
all	O
hardware	O
sub-systems	O
except	O
the	O
monochrome	O
dual-touch	O
display	O
are	O
powered	O
down	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XO	B-Application
2.0	O
is	O
planned	O
to	O
consume	O
even	O
less	O
power	O
than	O
earlier	O
versions	O
,	O
less	O
than	O
1.0W	O
in	O
full	O
color	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Power	O
options	O
include	O
batteries	O
,	O
solar	O
power	O
panels	O
,	O
and	O
human-powered	O
generators	O
,	O
which	O
make	O
the	O
XO	B-Application
self-powered	O
equipment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
10	O
batteries	O
at	O
once	O
can	O
be	O
charged	O
from	O
the	O
school	O
building	O
power	O
in	O
the	O
XO	B-Application
multi-battery	O
charger	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
ARM	B-Architecture
processor	I-Architecture
is	O
included	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IEEE	O
802.11b	O
support	O
will	O
be	O
provided	O
using	O
a	O
Wi-Fi	O
"	O
Extended	O
Range	O
"	O
chip	B-Device
set	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jepsen	O
has	O
said	O
the	O
wireless	O
chip	B-Device
set	I-Device
will	O
be	O
run	O
at	O
a	O
low	O
bit	O
rate	O
,	O
2Mbit/s	O
maximum	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
usual	O
higher	O
speed	O
5.5Mbit/s	O
or	O
11Mbit/s	O
to	O
minimize	O
power	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OLPC	O
laptop	B-Device
will	O
use	O
IEEE	O
802.11s	O
to	O
form	O
the	O
wireless	O
mesh	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Whenever	O
the	O
laptop	B-Device
is	O
powered	O
on	O
it	O
can	O
participate	O
in	O
a	O
mobile	B-General_Concept
ad	I-General_Concept
hoc	I-General_Concept
network	I-General_Concept
(	O
MANET	B-General_Concept
)	O
with	O
each	O
node	O
operating	O
in	O
a	O
peer-to-peer	O
fashion	O
with	O
other	O
laptops	B-Device
it	O
can	O
hear	O
,	O
forwarding	O
packets	O
across	O
the	O
cloud	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
data	O
rate	O
across	O
this	O
network	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
high	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
similar	O
networks	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
store	B-Protocol
and	I-Protocol
forward	I-Protocol
Motoman	O
project	O
have	O
supported	O
email	O
services	O
to	O
1000	O
schoolchildren	O
in	O
Cambodia	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
Negroponte	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Building	O
a	O
MANET	B-General_Concept
is	O
still	O
untested	O
under	O
the	O
OLPC	O
's	O
current	O
configuration	O
and	O
hardware	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
one	O
goal	O
of	O
the	O
laptop	B-Device
is	O
that	O
all	O
of	O
its	O
software	B-Application
be	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
,	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
for	O
this	O
routing	B-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
is	O
currently	O
closed	O
source	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
there	O
are	O
open-source	B-Application
alternatives	O
such	O
as	O
OLSR	B-Protocol
or	O
B.A.T.M.A.N.	B-Protocol
,	O
none	O
of	O
these	O
options	O
is	O
yet	O
available	O
running	O
at	O
the	O
data-link	B-Protocol
layer	I-Protocol
(	O
Layer	B-Protocol
2	I-Protocol
)	O
on	O
the	O
Wi-Fi	O
subsystem	O
's	O
co-processor	O
;	O
this	O
is	O
critical	O
to	O
OLPC	O
's	O
power	O
efficiency	O
scheme	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Whether	O
Marvell	O
Technology	O
Group	O
,	O
the	O
producer	O
of	O
the	O
wireless	O
chip	B-Device
set	I-Device
and	O
owner	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
meshing	O
protocol	O
software	B-Application
,	O
will	O
make	O
the	O
firmware	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
is	O
still	O
an	O
unanswered	O
question	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yves	O
Behar	O
is	O
the	O
chief	O
designer	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
XO	B-Application
shell	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
shell	O
of	O
the	O
laptop	B-Device
is	O
resistant	O
to	O
dirt	O
and	O
moisture	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
constructed	O
with	O
2mm	O
thick	O
plastic	O
(	O
50%	O
thicker	O
than	O
typical	O
laptops	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
contains	O
a	O
pivoting	O
,	O
reversible	O
display	O
,	O
movable	O
rubber	O
Wi-Fi	O
antennas	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
sealed	O
rubber-membrane	O
keyboard	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Water-resistant	O
membrane	O
keyboard	B-Device
,	O
customized	O
to	O
the	O
locale	O
in	O
which	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
distributed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
keyboard	B-Device
is	O
designed	O
for	O
the	O
small	O
hands	O
of	O
children	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Four	O
"	O
Game	O
Buttons	O
"	O
(	O
functionally	O
PgUp	O
,	O
PgDn	O
,	O
Home	O
,	O
and	O
End	O
)	O
modeled	O
after	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
Controller	I-Device
layout	O
(	O
,	O
,	O
,	O
and	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Three	O
external	O
USB	B-Protocol
2.0	I-Protocol
ports	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
than	O
twenty	O
different	O
keyboards	B-Device
have	O
been	O
laid	O
out	O
,	O
to	O
suit	O
local	O
needs	O
to	O
match	O
the	O
standard	O
keyboard	B-Device
for	O
the	O
country	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
laptop	B-Device
is	O
intended	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
which	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
standard	O
keyboard	B-Device
representing	O
their	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
Negroponte	O
states	O
this	O
is	O
"	O
because	O
there	O
's	O
no	O
real	O
commercial	O
interest	O
in	O
making	O
a	O
keyboard	B-Device
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
example	O
of	O
where	O
the	O
OLPC	O
has	O
bridged	O
this	O
gap	O
is	O
in	O
creating	O
an	O
Amharic	O
keyboard	B-Device
for	O
Ethiopia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
several	O
languages	O
,	O
the	O
keyboard	B-Device
is	O
the	O
first	O
ever	O
created	O
for	O
that	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Negroponte	O
has	O
demanded	O
that	O
the	O
keyboard	B-Device
not	O
contain	O
a	O
caps	B-Device
lock	I-Device
key	I-Device
,	O
which	O
frees	O
up	O
keyboard	B-Device
space	O
for	O
new	O
keys	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
future	O
"	O
view	O
source	O
"	O
key	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beneath	O
the	O
keyboard	B-Device
was	O
a	O
large	O
area	O
that	O
resembled	O
a	O
very	O
wide	O
touchpad	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
capacitive	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
mousepad	O
was	O
an	O
Alps	O
GlidePoint	O
touchpad	B-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
central	O
third	O
of	O
the	O
sensor	O
and	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
a	O
finger	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
full	O
width	O
was	O
a	O
resistive	O
sensor	O
which	O
,	O
though	O
never	O
supported	O
by	O
software	B-Application
,	O
was	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
a	O
stylus	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
XO	B-Application
prototype	O
,	O
displayed	O
in	O
2005	O
,	O
had	O
a	O
built-in	O
hand-crank	O
generator	O
for	O
charging	O
the	O
battery	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XO-1	B-Application
beta	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
early	O
2007	O
,	O
used	O
a	O
separate	O
hand-crank	O
generator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XO-1	B-Application
was	O
released	O
in	O
late	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XO	B-Application
1.5	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
early	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XO	B-Application
1.75	O
began	O
development	O
in	O
2010	O
,	O
with	O
full	O
production	O
starting	O
in	O
February	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XO	B-Application
2	O
,	O
previously	O
scheduled	O
for	O
release	O
in	O
2010	O
,	O
was	O
canceled	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
XO	B-Application
3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hardware	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
open-source	B-Application
and	O
sold	O
by	O
various	O
manufacturers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
choice	O
of	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
(	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	I-Application
or	O
Linux	B-Application
)	O
was	O
intended	O
outside	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OLPC	B-Application
XO-3	I-Application
was	O
scheduled	O
for	O
release	O
in	O
late	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
canceled	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
the	O
XO-4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XO	B-Application
4	O
is	O
a	O
refresh	O
of	O
the	O
XO	B-Application
1	O
to	O
1.75	O
with	O
a	O
later	O
ARM	B-Architecture
CPU	O
and	O
an	O
optional	O
touch	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XO	B-Application
Tablet	B-Device
was	O
designed	O
by	O
third-party	O
Vivitar	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
OLPC	O
,	O
and	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Android	O
platform	O
whereas	O
all	O
previous	O
XO	B-Application
models	O
were	O
based	O
on	O
Sugar	B-Language
running	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
Fedora	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Countries	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
remove	O
and	O
add	O
software	B-Application
to	O
best	O
adapt	O
the	O
laptop	B-Device
to	O
the	O
local	O
laws	O
and	O
educational	O
needs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
supplied	O
by	O
OLPC	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
the	B-Application
software	I-Application
on	O
the	O
laptop	B-Device
will	O
be	O
free	B-Application
and	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
core	O
software	B-Application
is	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
localized	O
to	O
the	O
languages	O
of	O
the	O
target	O
countries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
underlying	O
software	B-Application
includes	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
pared-down	O
version	O
of	O
Fedora	O
Linux	B-Application
as	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
with	O
students	O
receiving	O
root	B-Application
access	I-Application
(	O
although	O
not	O
normally	O
operating	O
in	O
that	O
mode	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
simple	O
custom	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
based	O
upon	O
the	O
Gecko	B-Language
engine	I-Language
used	O
by	O
Mozilla	B-Application
Firefox	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
word	B-General_Concept
processor	I-General_Concept
based	O
on	O
AbiWord	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Email	O
through	O
the	O
web-based	O
Gmail	B-Application
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Online	B-Protocol
chat	I-Protocol
and	O
VoIP	B-Application
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Python	B-Language
2.5	O
is	O
the	O
primary	O
programming	O
language	O
used	O
to	O
develop	O
Sugar	B-Language
"	O
Activities	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Audio	O
and	O
video	O
player	O
software	B-Application
:	O
Totem	B-Language
or	O
Helix	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
laptop	B-Device
uses	O
the	O
Sugar	B-Language
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
written	O
in	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
and	O
the	O
Matchbox	B-Device
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
interface	O
is	O
not	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
typical	O
desktop	B-Application
metaphor	I-Application
but	O
presents	O
an	O
iconic	O
view	O
of	O
programs	O
and	O
documents	O
and	O
a	O
map-like	O
view	O
of	O
nearby	O
connected	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Much	O
of	O
the	O
core	O
Sugar	B-Language
interface	O
uses	O
icons	O
,	O
bypassing	O
localization	O
issues	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sugar	B-Language
is	O
also	O
defined	O
as	O
having	O
no	O
folders	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
UI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Steve	O
Jobs	O
had	O
offered	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
free	B-Application
of	O
charge	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
laptop	B-Device
,	O
but	O
according	O
to	O
Seymour	O
Papert	O
,	O
a	O
professor	O
emeritus	O
at	O
MIT	O
who	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
initiative	O
's	O
founders	O
,	O
the	O
designers	O
wanted	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
that	O
can	O
be	O
tinkered	O
with	O
:	O
"	O
We	O
declined	O
because	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
open	O
source.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
,	O
Linux	B-Application
was	O
chosen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
after	O
a	O
deal	O
with	O
Microsoft	O
,	O
the	O
laptop	B-Device
will	O
now	O
be	O
offered	O
with	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	I-Application
along	O
with	O
an	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
alternative	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jim	O
Gettys	O
,	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
laptops	B-Device
 '	O
system	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
has	O
called	O
for	O
a	O
re-education	O
of	O
programmers	O
,	O
saying	O
that	O
many	O
applications	O
use	O
too	O
much	O
memory	O
or	O
even	O
leak	B-Error_Name
memory	I-Error_Name
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
4	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
the	O
Wikimedia	O
Foundation	O
announced	O
that	O
static	O
copies	O
of	O
selected	O
Wikipedia	O
articles	O
would	O
be	O
included	O
on	O
the	O
laptops	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jimmy	O
Wales	O
,	O
chair	O
of	O
the	O
Wikimedia	O
Foundation	O
,	O
said	O
that	O
"	O
OLPC	O
's	O
mission	O
goes	O
hand	O
in	O
hand	O
with	O
our	O
goal	O
of	O
distributing	O
encyclopedic	O
knowledge	O
,	O
free	B-Application
of	O
charge	O
,	O
to	O
every	O
person	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Negroponte	O
had	O
earlier	O
suggested	O
he	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
see	O
Wikipedia	O
on	O
the	O
laptop	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Don	O
Hopkins	O
announced	O
that	O
he	O
is	O
creating	O
a	O
free	B-Application
and	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
port	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
SimCity	B-Application
to	O
the	O
OLPC	O
with	O
the	O
blessing	O
of	O
Will	O
Wright	O
and	O
Electronic	O
Arts	O
,	O
and	O
demonstrated	O
SimCity	B-Application
running	O
on	O
the	O
OLPC	O
at	O
the	O
Game	O
Developer	O
's	O
Conference	O
in	O
March	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
free	B-Application
and	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
SimCity	B-Application
plans	O
were	O
confirmed	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
conference	O
by	O
SJ	O
Klein	O
,	O
director	O
of	O
content	O
for	O
the	O
OLPC	O
,	O
who	O
also	O
asked	O
game	O
developers	O
to	O
create	O
"	O
frameworks	O
and	O
scripting	O
environments	O
—	O
tools	O
with	O
which	O
children	O
themselves	O
could	O
create	O
their	O
own	O
content.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
laptop	B-Device
's	O
security	O
architecture	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
Bitfrost	O
,	O
was	O
publicly	O
introduced	O
in	O
February	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Optionally	O
,	O
the	O
laptops	B-Device
can	O
be	O
configured	O
to	O
request	O
leases	O
from	O
a	O
central	O
server	O
and	O
to	O
stop	O
working	O
when	O
the	O
leases	O
expire	O
;	O
this	O
is	O
designed	O
as	O
a	O
theft-prevention	O
mechanism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
pre-8.20	O
software	B-Application
versions	O
were	O
criticized	O
for	O
bad	O
wireless	O
connectivity	O
and	O
other	O
minor	O
issues	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XO-1	B-Application
is	O
nicknamed	O
ceibalita	O
in	O
Uruguay	O
after	O
the	O
Ceibal	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hand-crank	O
system	O
for	O
powering	O
the	O
laptop	B-Device
was	O
abandoned	O
by	O
designers	O
shortly	O
after	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
"	O
mesh	O
"	O
internet-sharing	O
approach	O
performed	O
poorly	O
and	O
was	O
then	O
dropped	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Others	O
wanted	O
children	O
to	O
learn	O
the	O
Microsoft	O
Windows	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
rather	O
than	O
OLPC	O
's	O
lightweight	O
Linux	B-Application
derivative	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
belief	O
that	O
the	O
children	O
would	O
use	O
Microsoft	O
Windows	O
in	O
their	O
careers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
's	O
Classmate	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
used	O
Microsoft	O
Windows	O
and	O
sold	O
for	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
was	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
the	O
laptop	B-Device
"	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
originally	O
cost	O
$130	O
for	O
a	O
bare-bones	O
laptop	B-Device
,	O
and	O
then	O
the	O
price	O
rose	O
to	O
$180	O
in	O
the	O
next	O
revision	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
solid-state	O
alternative	O
to	O
a	O
hard	B-Device
drive	I-Device
was	O
sturdy	O
,	O
which	O
meant	O
that	O
the	O
laptop	B-Device
could	O
be	O
dropped	O
with	O
a	O
lower	O
risk	O
of	O
breakingalthough	O
more	O
laptops	B-Device
were	O
broken	O
than	O
expectedbut	O
it	O
was	O
costly	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
machines	O
had	O
limited	O
storage	O
capacity	O
.	O
</s>
