<s>
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
standard	O
for	O
representation	O
and	O
querying	O
of	O
geospatial	B-Application
linked	B-Operating_System
data	I-Operating_System
for	O
the	O
Semantic	O
Web	O
from	O
the	O
Open	O
Geospatial	B-Application
Consortium	O
(	O
OGC	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
definition	O
of	O
a	O
small	O
ontology	O
based	O
on	O
well-understood	O
OGC	O
standards	O
is	O
intended	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
standardized	O
exchange	O
basis	O
for	O
geospatial	B-Application
RDF	O
data	O
which	O
can	O
support	O
both	O
qualitative	O
and	O
quantitative	O
spatial	O
reasoning	O
and	O
querying	O
with	O
the	O
SPARQL	B-Language
database	O
query	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Ordnance	O
Survey	O
Linked	B-Operating_System
Data	I-Operating_System
Platform	O
uses	O
OWL	B-Language
mappings	O
for	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
equivalent	O
properties	O
in	O
its	O
vocabulary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
data	O
set	O
is	O
a	O
work	O
of	O
the	O
Agile	O
Knowledge	O
Engineering	O
and	O
Semantic	O
Web	O
(	O
AKSW	O
)	O
research	O
group	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Leipzig	O
,	O
a	O
group	O
mostly	O
known	O
for	O
DBpedia	B-Application
,	O
that	O
uses	O
the	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
vocabulary	O
to	O
represent	O
OpenStreetMap	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
particular	O
,	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
provides	O
for	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Simple	O
Features	O
,	O
RCC8	B-Application
,	O
and	O
DE-9IM	B-Algorithm
(	O
a.k.a.	O
</s>
<s>
a	O
set	O
of	O
Rule	B-Language
Interchange	I-Language
Format	I-Language
(	O
RIF	O
)	O
Core	O
inference	O
rules	O
for	O
query	O
transformation	O
and	O
interpretation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
example	O
SPARQL	B-Language
query	O
could	O
help	O
model	O
the	O
question	O
"	O
What	O
is	O
within	O
the	O
bounding	O
box	O
defined	O
by	O
and	O
?	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
RCC8	B-Application
has	O
been	O
implemented	O
in	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
as	O
described	O
below	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
(	O
almost	O
)	O
no	O
complete	O
implementations	O
of	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
,	O
there	O
are	O
,	O
however	O
partial	O
or	O
vendor	O
implementations	O
of	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
was	O
implemented	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
Google	B-Application
Summer	I-Application
of	I-Application
Code	I-Application
2015	O
.	O
on	O
Apache	B-Application
Marmotta	I-Application
;	O
it	O
uses	O
PostGIS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
available	O
just	O
for	O
PostgreSQL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
version	O
2.11	O
Apache	B-Application
Jena	I-Application
has	O
a	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
extension	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
was	O
added	O
to	O
Ontop	O
in	O
version	O
4.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Parliament	O
has	O
an	O
almost	O
complete	O
implementation	O
of	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
by	O
using	O
JENA	B-Application
and	O
a	O
modified	O
ARQ	O
query	O
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eclipse	O
RDF4J	O
is	O
an	O
open-source	O
Java	O
framework	O
for	O
scalable	O
RDF	O
processing	O
,	O
storage	O
,	O
reasoning	O
and	O
SPARQL	B-Language
querying	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
offers	O
support	O
for	O
a	O
large	O
subset	O
of	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Strabon	O
is	O
an	O
open-source	O
semantic	O
spatiotemporal	O
RDF	O
store	O
that	O
supports	O
two	O
popular	O
extensions	O
of	O
SPARQL	B-Language
:	O
stSPARQL	O
and	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
been	O
fully	O
tested	O
with	O
PostgreSQL	B-Application
(	O
with	O
PostGIS	B-Application
and	O
PostgreSQL-Temporal	O
extensions	O
)	O
and	O
MonetDB	B-Application
(	O
with	O
geom	O
module	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
uSeekM	O
IndexingSail	O
uses	O
a	O
PostGIS	B-Application
installation	O
to	O
deliver	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
deliver	O
partial	O
implementation	O
of	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
along	O
with	O
some	O
vendor	O
prefixes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Virtuoso	B-Application
Universal	I-Application
Server	I-Application
is	O
a	O
middleware	O
and	O
database	O
engine	O
hybrid	O
that	O
combines	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
a	O
traditional	O
Relational	O
database	O
management	O
system	O
(	O
RDBMS	O
)	O
,	O
Object-relational	O
database	O
(	O
ORDBMS	O
)	O
,	O
virtual	O
database	O
,	O
RDF	O
,	O
XML	O
,	O
free-text	O
,	O
web	O
application	O
server	O
and	O
file	O
server	O
functionality	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Benchmarking	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
1.0	O
and	O
geospatial-enabled	O
triplestores	O
,	O
in	O
general	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
conducted	O
using	O
several	O
approaches	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
former	O
can	O
reveal	O
whether	O
a	O
triplestore	O
gives	O
a	O
timely	O
answer	O
to	O
a	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
query	O
and	O
may	O
or	O
may	O
not	O
check	O
the	O
answer	O
for	O
correctness	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latter	O
checks	O
whether	O
a	O
triplestore	O
gives	O
compliant	O
answers	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
definitions	O
of	O
the	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
1.0	O
standard	O
irrespective	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
query	O
takes	O
for	O
execution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Well-known	O
geospatial	B-Application
performance	O
benchmarks	O
include	O
the	O
Geographica	O
and	O
Geographica	O
2	O
benchmarks	O
which	O
track	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
predefined	O
sets	O
of	O
queries	O
on	O
synthetic	O
and	O
real-world	O
datasets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
each	O
test	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
query	O
functions	O
for	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
assessed	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
GeoSPARQL-enabled	O
triple	O
stores	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
spatial	O
data	O
infrastructure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2021	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
OGC	O
Team	O
Engine	O
does	O
not	O
provide	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
compliance	O
tests	O
to	O
test	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
compliance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
developed	O
the	O
first	O
comprehensive	O
,	O
reproducible	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
Compliance	O
benchmark	O
in	O
which	O
nine	O
different	O
triple	O
stores	O
were	O
initially	O
tested	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
standard	O
was	O
submitted	O
to	O
the	O
OGC	O
by	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
regards	O
to	O
future	O
work	O
,	O
the	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
standard	O
states	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2019	O
,	O
the	O
set	O
out	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
current	O
usage	O
of	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
in	O
different	O
domains	O
in	O
the	O
White	O
Paper	O
"	O
OGC	O
Benefits	O
of	O
Representing	O
Spatial	O
Data	O
Using	O
Semantic	O
and	O
Graph	O
Technologies	O
"	O
and	O
collected	O
initial	O
feature	O
requests	O
to	O
extend	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
group	O
is	O
working	O
towards	O
a	O
new	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
standard	O
,	O
with	O
non-breaking	O
changes	O
-	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
1.1	O
-	O
in	O
the	O
summer	O
of	O
2021	O
,	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
followed	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
,	O
held	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
,	O
an	O
outline	O
of	O
the	O
additions	O
which	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
present	O
in	O
GeoSPARQL	B-General_Concept
1.1	O
has	O
been	O
presented	O
.	O
</s>
