<s>
Novell	B-Application
Embedded	I-Application
Systems	I-Application
Technology	I-Application
(	O
NEST	B-Application
)	O
was	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
APIs	B-Application
,	O
data	O
formats	O
and	O
network	B-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
stacks	I-Protocol
written	O
in	O
a	O
highly	O
portable	O
fashion	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
embedded	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
idea	O
was	O
to	O
allow	O
various	O
small	O
devices	O
to	O
access	O
Novell	B-Operating_System
NetWare	I-Operating_System
services	O
,	O
provide	O
such	O
services	O
,	O
or	O
use	O
NetWare	B-Operating_System
's	O
IPX	B-Protocol
protocol	O
as	O
a	O
communications	O
system	O
(	O
and	O
later	O
also	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Novell	O
referred	O
to	O
this	O
concept	O
as	O
"	O
Extended	O
Networks	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
the	O
effort	O
was	O
launched	O
they	O
boasted	O
that	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
see	O
one	O
billion	O
devices	O
connected	O
to	O
NetWare	B-Operating_System
networks	O
by	O
year	O
2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NEST	B-Application
was	O
launched	O
in	O
mid-1994	O
countering	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
similar	O
Microsoft	O
at	O
Work	O
efforts	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
launched	O
in	O
1993	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Neither	O
technology	O
saw	O
much	O
third-party	O
support	O
,	O
although	O
some	O
of	O
NEST	B-Application
's	O
code	O
was	O
apparently	O
re-used	O
in	O
Novell	O
Distributed	O
Print	O
Services	O
(	O
NDPS	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
iPrint	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
NEST	B-Application
consisted	O
primarily	O
of	O
a	O
Novell	O
protocol	O
driver	O
stack	O
implemented	O
in	O
ANSI	O
C	O
.	O
The	O
stack	O
included	O
drivers	O
for	O
then-popular	O
networking	O
hardware	O
,	O
including	O
Ethernet	O
,	O
Token	B-Device
Ring	I-Device
,	O
AppleTalk	B-Application
(	O
actually	O
referring	O
to	O
LocalTalk	B-Device
,	O
a	O
common	O
confusion	O
)	O
and	O
ISDN	B-Protocol
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
higher-level	O
modules	O
for	O
protocols	O
such	O
as	O
Novell	O
's	O
own	O
IPX	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
AppleTalk	B-Application
,	O
and	O
later	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NetWare	B-Operating_System
Services	O
Layer	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
application	O
protocols	O
,	O
notably	O
NetWare	B-Operating_System
client	O
services	O
such	O
as	O
file	O
servers	O
and	O
network	O
time	O
synchronization	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
NEST	B-Application
Requester	O
which	O
acted	O
as	O
a	O
pipe-like	O
endpoint	O
for	O
lightweight	O
communications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Orthogonal	O
to	O
these	O
services	O
,	O
NEST	B-Application
also	O
included	O
basic	O
implementations	O
of	O
Novell	O
's	O
PSERVER	O
and	O
NPRINTER	O
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Finally	O
,	O
NEST	B-Application
also	O
defined	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
interface	O
known	O
as	O
POSE	O
(	O
Portable	O
Operating	B-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
Extension	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
thin	O
translation	O
module	O
defining	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
calls	O
NEST	B-Application
needed	O
to	O
support	O
its	O
own	O
functionality	O
,	O
things	O
like	O
memory	O
management	O
and	O
process	O
creation	O
(	O
as	O
POSIX	O
1003.1	O
,	O
1003.4	O
,	O
and	O
1003.4A	O
subsets	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
the	O
developer	O
ported	O
to	O
the	O
particular	O
platform	O
of	O
interest	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NEST	B-Application
was	O
deliberately	O
written	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
run	O
from	O
ROM	B-Device
without	O
secondary	O
storage	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
it	O
had	O
no	O
long-term	O
state	O
it	O
needed	O
to	O
store	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Whereas	O
the	O
Digital	O
Research-inherited	O
modular	O
real-time	O
multi-user	O
multi-tasking	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
FlexOS	B-Operating_System
was	O
used	O
by	O
Novell	O
as	O
a	O
primary	O
test	O
platform	O
during	O
development	O
,	O
NEST	B-Application
did	O
not	O
include	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
of	O
its	O
own	O
,	O
and	O
instead	O
was	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
on	O
existing	O
platforms	O
and	O
OSs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
such	O
third-party	O
OS	O
to	O
support	O
NEST	B-Application
in	O
1995	O
was	O
pSOS+	B-Operating_System
by	O
Integrated	O
Systems	O
(	O
ISI	O
)	O
a	O
company	O
who	O
had	O
bought	O
FlexOS	B-Operating_System
from	O
Novell	O
for	O
US$	O
3,000,000	O
in	O
July	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NEST	B-Application
code	O
was	O
deliberately	O
modular	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
allow	O
developers	O
to	O
use	O
as	O
much	O
or	O
as	O
little	O
of	O
the	O
overall	O
package	O
as	O
they	O
needed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
expected	O
that	O
developers	O
would	O
pick	O
and	O
choose	O
the	O
components	O
they	O
needed	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
a	O
device	O
reporting	O
status	O
over	O
the	O
network	O
might	O
choose	O
only	O
the	O
NEST	B-Application
Requester	O
,	O
IPX	B-Protocol
and	O
an	O
Ethernet	O
driver	O
,	O
removing	O
the	O
rest	O
from	O
their	O
assembly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
at	O
Work	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
similar	O
fashion	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
seemed	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
generally	O
expected	O
that	O
end	O
users	O
would	O
use	O
the	O
complete	O
system	O
as	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
their	O
devices	O
in	O
a	O
fashion	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
later	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
CE	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
at	O
Work	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
NEST	B-Application
appears	O
to	O
have	O
seen	O
little	O
real-world	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
initial	O
release	O
in	O
1994	O
,	O
there	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
little	O
news	O
on	O
NEST	B-Application
,	O
followed	O
by	O
another	O
flurry	O
in	O
early	O
1996	O
when	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
support	O
was	O
added	O
,	O
at	O
which	O
point	O
Novell	O
claimed	O
there	O
were	O
over	O
80	O
companies	O
using	O
NEST	B-Application
,	O
including	O
major	O
office	O
machinery	O
firms	O
like	O
Canon	O
,	O
Hewlett-Packard	O
,	O
Ricoh	O
,	O
and	O
Xerox	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
NEST	B-Application
then	O
went	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
at	O
Work	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
abandoned	O
within	O
Novell	O
in	O
January	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
