<s>
NonStop	B-Architecture
is	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
server	B-Application
computers	I-Application
introduced	O
to	O
market	O
in	O
1976	O
by	O
Tandem	O
Computers	O
Inc.	O
,	O
beginning	O
with	O
the	O
NonStop	B-Architecture
product	O
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
Tandem	O
Integrity	B-Architecture
NonStop	I-Architecture
line	O
of	O
lock-step	O
fault	B-General_Concept
tolerant	I-General_Concept
computers	O
,	O
now	O
defunct	O
(	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
confused	O
with	O
the	O
later	O
and	O
much	O
different	O
Hewlett-Packard	O
Integrity	B-General_Concept
product	O
line	O
extension	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
NonStop	B-Architecture
product	O
line	O
is	O
currently	O
offered	O
by	O
Hewlett	O
Packard	O
Enterprise	O
since	O
Hewlett-Packard	O
Company	O
's	O
split	O
in	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
NonStop	B-Architecture
systems	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
an	O
integrated	O
hardware/software	O
stack	O
,	O
Tandem	O
and	O
later	O
HPE	O
also	O
developed	O
the	O
NonStop	B-Architecture
OS	I-Architecture
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
for	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NonStop	B-Architecture
systems	O
are	O
,	O
to	O
an	O
extent	O
,	O
self-healing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
circumvent	O
single	B-Architecture
points	I-Architecture
of	I-Architecture
failure	I-Architecture
,	O
they	O
are	O
equipped	O
with	O
almost	O
all	O
redundant	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
systems	O
are	O
often	O
used	O
by	O
banks	O
,	O
stock	O
exchanges	O
,	O
payment	O
applications	O
,	O
retail	O
companies	O
,	O
energy	O
and	O
utility	O
services	O
,	O
healthcare	O
organizations	O
,	O
manufacturers	O
,	O
telecommunication	O
providers	O
,	O
transportation	O
and	O
other	O
enterprises	O
requiring	O
extremely	O
high	O
uptime	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2005	O
,	O
the	O
HP	B-General_Concept
Integrity	I-General_Concept
"	O
NonStop	B-Architecture
i	O
"	O
(	O
or	O
TNS/E	O
)	O
servers	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
Itanium	I-General_Concept
microprocessors	O
,	O
was	O
introduced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
systems	O
"	O
NonStop	B-Architecture
X	O
"	O
(	O
or	O
TNS/X	O
)	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
Intel	O
x86-64	B-Device
processors	O
,	O
were	O
introduced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sales	O
of	O
the	O
Itanium-based	O
systems	O
ended	O
in	O
July	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
NonStop	B-Architecture
applications	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
specifically	O
coded	O
for	O
fault-tolerance	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
requirement	O
was	O
removed	O
in	O
1983	O
with	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
Transaction	O
Monitoring	O
Facility	O
(	O
TMF	O
)	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
Pathway	O
transaction	O
management	O
software	O
and	O
SCOBOL	O
applications	O
(	O
or	O
,	O
later	O
,	O
NonStop	B-Architecture
Tuxedo	O
transaction	O
management	O
software	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
handles	O
the	O
various	O
aspects	O
of	O
fault	B-General_Concept
tolerance	I-General_Concept
on	O
the	O
system	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NonStop	B-Architecture
OS	I-Architecture
is	O
a	O
message-based	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
designed	O
for	O
fault	B-General_Concept
tolerance	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
integrity	B-General_Concept
is	O
maintained	O
during	O
those	O
takeovers	O
;	O
no	O
transactions	O
or	O
data	O
are	O
lost	O
or	O
corrupted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
as	O
a	O
whole	O
is	O
branded	O
NonStop	B-Architecture
OS	I-Architecture
and	O
includes	O
the	O
Guardian	O
layer	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
low-level	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
and	O
the	O
Open	O
System	O
Services	O
(	O
OSS	O
)	O
personality	O
which	O
runs	O
atop	O
this	O
layer	O
,	O
which	O
implements	O
a	O
Unix-like	O
interface	O
for	O
other	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
OS	O
to	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
and	O
application	O
are	O
both	O
designed	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
fault	B-General_Concept
tolerant	I-General_Concept
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
continually	O
monitors	O
the	O
status	O
of	O
all	O
components	O
,	O
switching	O
control	O
as	O
necessary	O
to	O
maintain	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
systems	O
support	O
relational	B-Application
database	I-Application
management	I-Application
systems	I-Application
like	O
NonStop	B-Application
SQL	I-Application
and	O
hierarchical	O
databases	O
such	O
as	O
Enscribe	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Languages	O
supported	O
include	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
C	O
,	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
COBOL	B-Application
,	O
SCOBOL	O
,	O
Transaction	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Language	I-Language
(	O
TAL	B-Language
)	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
uses	O
the	O
scripting	O
and	O
job	O
control	O
language	O
TACL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HPE	B-General_Concept
Integrity	I-General_Concept
NonStop	B-Architecture
computers	O
are	O
a	O
line	O
of	O
fault-tolerant	B-General_Concept
,	O
message-based	O
server	B-Application
computers	I-Application
based	O
on	O
the	O
Intel	B-Device
Xeon	I-Device
processor	O
platform	O
,	O
and	O
optimized	O
for	O
transaction	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
NonStop	B-Architecture
systems	O
feature	O
a	O
massively	B-Operating_System
parallel	I-Operating_System
processing	I-Operating_System
(	O
MPP	O
)	O
architecture	O
and	O
provide	O
linear	O
scalability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
shared-nothing	B-Operating_System
architecture	I-Operating_System
—	O
a	O
"	O
share	O
nothing	O
"	O
arrangement	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
loosely	O
coupled	O
multiprocessing	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
"	O
diminishing	O
returns	O
"	O
occur	O
as	O
more	O
processors	O
are	O
added	O
(	O
see	O
Amdahl	B-Operating_System
's	I-Operating_System
law	I-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
the	O
integrated	O
hardware/software	O
stack	O
and	O
a	O
single	B-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
image	I-Operating_System
for	O
even	O
the	O
largest	O
configurations	O
,	O
system	O
management	O
requirements	O
for	O
NonStop	B-Architecture
systems	O
are	O
rather	O
low	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
most	O
deployments	O
there	O
is	O
just	O
a	O
single	O
production	O
server	O
,	O
not	O
a	O
complex	O
server	B-Operating_System
farm	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
customers	O
also	O
have	O
a	O
backup	O
server	O
in	O
a	O
remote	O
location	O
for	O
disaster	B-General_Concept
recovery	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
HP	O
also	O
developed	O
a	O
data	O
warehouse	O
and	O
business	B-General_Concept
intelligence	I-General_Concept
server	O
line	O
,	O
HP	B-Device
Neoview	I-Device
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
NonStop	B-Architecture
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
acted	O
as	O
a	O
database	B-Application
server	I-Application
,	O
providing	O
NonStop	B-Architecture
OS	I-Architecture
and	O
NonStop	B-Application
SQL	I-Application
,	O
but	O
lacked	O
the	O
transaction	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
functionality	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
NonStop	B-Architecture
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
line	O
was	O
retired	B-Application
,	O
and	O
no	O
longer	O
marketed	O
,	O
as	O
of	O
January	O
24	O
,	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
