<s>
A	O
Nirvana	B-Application
Phone	I-Application
was	O
a	O
marketing	O
phrase	O
coined	O
by	O
Citrix	B-Application
for	O
a	O
smartphone	B-Application
that	O
could	O
be	O
docked	O
with	O
external	O
displays	O
and	O
keyboards	B-Device
to	O
create	O
an	O
alternative	O
desktop	B-Device
or	O
laptop	B-Device
computer	I-Device
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
to	O
define	O
a	O
new	O
category	O
of	O
mobile	B-Application
device	I-Application
with	O
a	O
capability	O
beyond	O
a	O
conventional	O
smartphone	B-Application
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NirvanaPhone	B-Application
provides	O
the	O
processor	B-General_Concept
,	O
storage	B-General_Concept
media	I-General_Concept
,	O
display	B-Device
adapter	I-Device
,	O
communication	O
channels	O
,	O
and	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
docking	B-Device
station	I-Device
provides	O
power	O
,	O
and	O
connectivity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
be	O
useful	O
the	O
NirvanaPhone	B-Application
differs	O
from	O
a	O
simple	O
smartphone	B-Application
by	O
having	O
significant	O
processing	O
power	O
,	O
video	O
output	O
at	O
high	O
resolution	O
,	O
plus	O
keyboard	B-Device
and	O
mouse	B-Device
input	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
smartphone	B-Application
is	O
generally	O
accepted	O
as	O
a	O
device	O
that	O
has	O
both	O
mobile	O
phone	O
capability	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
that	O
can	O
run	O
applications	B-Application
such	O
as	O
email	O
,	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
,	O
media	O
player	O
and	O
personal	O
organizers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NirvanaPhone	B-Application
adds	O
external	O
monitor	O
capability	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
computer	B-Device
monitor	I-Device
,	O
an	O
HDTV	B-Device
,	O
or	O
a	O
video	B-Device
projector	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
the	O
NirvanaPhone	B-Application
to	O
run	O
applications	B-Application
that	O
can	O
utilize	O
a	O
full-sized	O
display	O
for	O
better	O
readability	O
or	O
collaboration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Or	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
a	O
keyboard	B-Device
and	O
mouse	B-Device
,	O
perhaps	O
using	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
,	O
the	O
NirvanaPhone	B-Application
could	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
thin	B-Device
client	I-Device
connected	O
to	O
a	O
virtual	O
desktop	B-Device
for	O
business	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
of	O
using	O
a	O
smartphone	B-Application
as	O
a	O
PC	O
has	O
been	O
around	O
for	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
early	O
as	O
2002	O
,	O
the	O
Treo	B-Application
180	I-Application
running	O
Palm	O
OS	O
could	O
be	O
docked	O
with	O
a	O
keyboard	B-Device
but	O
lacked	O
data	O
communications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2007	O
,	O
the	O
Nokia	O
N93/N95	O
smartphone	B-Application
running	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
included	O
a	O
TV-out	O
feature	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
NTSC	O
video	O
was	O
only	O
adequate	O
for	O
photo	O
and	O
low	O
resolution	O
video	O
viewing	O
and	O
the	O
phone	O
did	O
not	O
support	O
many	O
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
i-Mate	O
8501/8502	O
,	O
also	O
released	O
in	O
2007	O
,	O
was	O
perhaps	O
the	O
first	O
smartphone	B-Application
that	O
provided	O
a	O
full	O
1024×768	O
XVGA	O
resolution	O
which	O
could	O
support	O
a	O
full	O
desktop	B-Device
user	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
short-lived	O
,	O
the	O
i-Mate	O
with	O
a	O
receiver	O
application	O
installed	O
and	O
network	O
linked	O
to	O
a	O
remote	O
server	O
with	O
desktop	B-Protocol
virtualization	I-Protocol
software	O
could	O
provide	O
a	O
full	O
PC	O
experience	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Citrix	B-Application
Systems	I-Application
coined	O
the	O
phrase	O
Nirvana	B-Application
Phone	I-Application
and	O
articulated	O
the	O
benefits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
minimize	O
the	O
processing	O
,	O
memory	O
,	O
and	O
storage	O
requirements	O
on	O
the	O
phone	O
,	O
Citrix	B-Application
and	O
Open	O
Kernel	O
Labs	O
developed	O
a	O
thin	B-Device
client	I-Device
-	O
virtual	O
server	O
software	O
suite	O
that	O
was	O
first	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
a	O
new	O
generation	O
of	O
smartphones	B-Application
appeared	O
including	O
many	O
that	O
have	O
the	O
required	O
video-out	O
capability	O
to	O
qualify	O
as	O
a	O
NirvanaPhone	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HTC	O
EVO	O
phone	O
includes	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
capability	O
which	O
can	O
output	O
720p	O
resolution	O
,	O
high	O
enough	O
for	O
virtual	O
desktop	B-Device
usage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Dell	B-Application
Streak	I-Application
also	O
includes	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
through	O
a	O
docking	B-Device
station	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
iPhone	B-Operating_System
4	I-Operating_System
provide	O
an	O
optional	O
VGA	B-Protocol
connector	I-Protocol
that	O
can	O
support	O
up	O
to	O
1024×768	O
resolution	O
,	O
also	O
potentially	O
capable	O
of	O
a	O
desktop	B-Device
experience	O
when	O
connected	O
to	O
an	O
external	O
monitor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
movement	O
included	O
Nvidia	O
's	O
Tegra	B-Operating_System
2	I-Operating_System
system-on-a-chip	O
that	O
integrated	O
both	O
multiple	O
CPUs	O
and	O
a	O
GPU	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
Motorola	B-Application
Atrix	I-Application
4G	I-Application
was	O
introduced	O
as	O
a	O
fully	O
operational	O
NirvanaPhone	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
the	O
Atrix	O
's	O
1280×720	O
video	O
output	O
through	O
a	O
mini-HDMI	O
connector	O
,	O
Motorola	O
developed	O
a	O
light	O
docking	B-Device
station	I-Device
that	O
converts	O
the	O
Atrix	O
into	O
an	O
instant	O
laptop	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Atrix	O
smartphone	B-Application
also	O
has	O
a	O
dual-core	O
1GHz	O
processor	B-General_Concept
,	O
giving	O
it	O
better	O
performance	O
than	O
many	O
contemporary	O
smartphones	B-Application
and	O
tablets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
Atrix	O
received	O
positive	O
reviews	O
and	O
awards	O
such	O
as	O
best	O
smartphone	B-Application
CES	O
2011	O
However	O
the	O
Atrix	O
specifically	O
has	O
also	O
had	O
negative	O
reviews	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
the	O
docking	B-Device
stations	I-Device
.	O
</s>
