<s>
The	O
ninth	B-Device
generation	I-Device
of	I-Device
video	I-Device
game	I-Device
consoles	I-Device
began	O
in	O
November	O
2020	O
with	O
the	O
releases	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Xbox	B-Device
Series	I-Device
X	I-Device
and	I-Device
Series	I-Device
S	I-Device
console	O
family	O
and	O
Sony	O
's	O
PlayStation	B-Device
5	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compared	O
to	O
the	O
8th-gen	O
Xbox	B-Device
One	I-Device
and	O
PlayStation	B-Operating_System
4	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
new	O
consoles	O
add	O
faster	O
computation	O
and	O
graphics	B-Architecture
processors	I-Architecture
,	O
support	O
for	O
real-time	O
ray	B-Algorithm
tracing	I-Algorithm
graphics	I-Algorithm
,	O
output	O
for	O
4K	B-Architecture
resolution	I-Architecture
,	O
and	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
8K	B-Architecture
resolution	I-Architecture
,	O
with	O
rendering	O
speeds	O
targeting	O
60	O
frames	O
per	O
second	O
(	O
fps	O
)	O
or	O
higher	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internally	O
,	O
both	O
console	O
families	O
introduced	O
new	O
internal	O
solid-state	B-Device
drive	I-Device
(	O
SSD	B-Device
)	O
systems	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
high-throughput	O
memory	B-Architecture
and	O
storage	O
systems	O
for	O
games	O
to	O
reduce	O
or	O
eliminate	O
loading	O
times	O
and	O
support	O
in-game	O
streaming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Xbox	B-Device
Series	I-Device
S	I-Device
and	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
5	I-Device
Digital	O
Edition	O
lack	O
an	O
optical	O
drive	O
while	O
retaining	O
support	O
for	O
online	O
distribution	O
and	O
storing	O
games	O
on	O
external	O
USB	B-Protocol
devices	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
positioning	O
of	O
these	O
consoles	O
as	O
high-performance	O
computing	O
devices	O
places	O
competitors	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Application
Switch	I-Application
and	O
cloud	B-Application
gaming	I-Application
services	I-Application
such	O
as	O
Amazon	B-Operating_System
Luna	I-Operating_System
as	O
overlaps	O
from	O
the	O
prior	O
eighth	B-Application
generation	I-Application
of	I-Application
video	I-Application
game	I-Application
consoles	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
duration	O
from	O
the	O
eighth	B-Application
generation	I-Application
until	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
the	O
ninth	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
longest	O
in	O
history	O
,	O
having	O
started	O
in	O
2012	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Nintendo	B-Operating_System
's	I-Operating_System
Wii	I-Operating_System
U	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Past	O
generations	O
typically	O
had	O
five-year	O
windows	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
Moore	O
's	O
law	O
,	O
but	O
Microsoft	O
and	O
Sony	O
instead	O
launched	O
mid-console	O
redesigns	O
,	O
the	B-Device
Xbox	I-Device
One	I-Device
X	O
and	O
PlayStation	B-Device
4	I-Device
Pro	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ongoing	O
global	O
chip	O
shortage	O
continued	O
to	O
affect	O
console	O
shipments	O
through	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2021	O
,	O
with	O
Sony	O
warning	O
of	O
lower	O
production	O
numbers	O
during	O
the	O
final	O
calendar	O
quarter	O
of	O
the	O
year	O
and	O
into	O
2022	O
;	O
this	O
also	O
affected	O
Nintendo	O
's	O
Switch	B-Application
console	O
production	O
rates	O
and	O
Valve	O
's	O
plans	O
to	O
release	O
the	O
portable	O
Steam	B-Device
Deck	I-Device
handheld	O
gaming	O
computer	O
in	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PlayStation	B-Device
5	I-Device
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Sony	O
as	O
the	O
successor	O
to	O
the	B-Operating_System
PlayStation	I-Operating_System
4	I-Operating_System
and	O
was	O
first	O
released	O
on	O
November	O
12	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
primary	O
goal	O
of	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
5	I-Device
's	O
development	O
was	O
to	O
reduce	O
loading	O
times	O
in	O
games	O
,	O
particularly	O
those	O
that	O
use	O
in-game	O
streaming	O
such	O
as	O
when	O
the	O
player	O
moves	O
across	O
an	O
open	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sony	O
developed	O
a	O
custom	O
solid-state	B-Device
drive	I-Device
(	O
SSD	B-Device
)	O
architecture	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
12-channel	O
,	O
825GB	O
SSD	B-Device
along	O
with	O
a	O
fast	O
software	O
decompression	O
method	O
that	O
enables	O
an	O
input/output	O
speed	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
8	O
to	O
9	O
GB/s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
system	O
is	O
backed	O
by	O
an	O
AMD	O
Zen	O
2	O
system	B-Architecture
on	I-Architecture
a	I-Architecture
chip	I-Architecture
running	O
at	O
a	O
variable	O
frequency	O
capped	O
at	O
3.5GHz	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
RDNA	O
2	O
GPU	B-Architecture
also	O
running	O
at	O
a	O
variable	O
frequency	O
capped	O
at	O
2.23GHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GPU	B-Architecture
has	O
a	O
total	O
potential	O
processing	O
power	O
of	O
10.28	O
teraflops	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
comes	O
with	O
16GB	O
of	O
memory	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PlayStation	B-Device
5	I-Device
was	O
launched	O
with	O
two	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
base	O
model	O
includes	O
an	O
optical	O
disc	O
reader	O
for	O
most	O
disc	O
formats	O
including	O
Blu-ray	O
,	O
UHD	B-Device
Blu-ray	I-Device
,	O
and	O
retail	O
PlayStation	B-Device
5	I-Device
games	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
models	O
support	O
expanded	O
memory	B-Architecture
options	O
to	O
store	O
games	O
and	O
other	O
data	O
onto	O
external	O
drives	O
,	O
thus	O
allowing	O
players	O
to	O
obtain	O
and	O
store	O
games	O
through	O
online	O
distribution	O
via	O
the	O
PlayStation	O
Store	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PlayStation	B-Device
5	I-Device
has	O
mostly	O
complete	O
backward	B-General_Concept
compatibility	I-General_Concept
with	O
PlayStation	B-Operating_System
4	I-Operating_System
games	O
,	O
with	O
only	O
a	O
limited	O
number	O
of	O
games	O
not	O
currently	O
supported	O
on	O
the	O
console	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-General_Concept
Now	I-General_Concept
cloud	O
service	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
users	O
to	O
play	O
games	O
from	O
the	O
older	O
PlayStation	O
consoles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Xbox	B-Device
Series	I-Device
X/S	I-Device
is	O
the	O
successor	O
to	O
the	B-Device
Xbox	I-Device
One	I-Device
and	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
November	O
10	O
,	O
2020	O
in	O
select	O
regions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
followed	O
the	B-Device
Xbox	I-Device
One	I-Device
's	O
dual	O
console	O
models	O
:	O
a	O
high-end	O
line	O
(	O
the	O
Series	B-Device
X	I-Device
comparable	O
to	O
the	B-Device
Xbox	I-Device
One	I-Device
X	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
cheaper	O
model	O
(	O
the	O
Series	O
S	O
comparable	O
to	O
the	B-Device
Xbox	I-Device
One	I-Device
S	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
performance	O
goal	O
for	O
the	O
Xbox	B-Device
Series	I-Device
X	I-Device
was	O
about	O
four	O
times	O
that	O
of	O
the	B-Device
Xbox	I-Device
One	I-Device
X	O
,	O
but	O
without	O
sacrificing	O
game	O
development	O
for	O
the	O
lower-end	O
Xbox	B-Device
Series	I-Device
S	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
the	O
Xbox	B-Device
Series	I-Device
X	I-Device
and	I-Device
Series	I-Device
S	I-Device
use	O
an	O
AMD	O
Zen	O
2	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
and	O
an	O
RDNA	O
2	O
GPU	B-Architecture
but	O
with	O
different	O
frequencies	O
and	O
compute	B-Architecture
units	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Series	O
S	O
has	O
lower	O
frequencies	O
with	O
reduced	O
performance	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Series	B-Device
X	I-Device
has	O
graphics	O
performance	O
estimated	O
at	O
12.14	O
teraflops	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
Series	O
S	O
's	O
4.006	O
teraflops	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
developed	O
a	O
Velocity	O
Architecture	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
an	O
internal	O
SSD	B-Device
system	O
(	O
1TB	O
on	O
the	O
Series	B-Device
X	I-Device
,	O
500GB	O
on	O
the	O
Series	O
S	O
)	O
used	O
for	O
storing	O
games	O
and	O
new	O
DirectX	B-Application
interfaces	O
with	O
improved	O
input/output	O
and	O
in-game	O
texture	O
streaming	O
and	O
rendering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Series	B-Device
X	I-Device
includes	O
an	O
optical	O
disc	O
reader	O
supporting	O
Blu-ray	O
and	O
UHD	O
media	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
absent	O
in	O
the	O
Series	O
S	O
.	O
Both	O
consoles	O
support	O
external	O
game	O
storage	O
media	O
and	O
online	O
distribution	O
via	O
Xbox	B-Application
Live	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Full	O
backward	B-General_Concept
compatibility	I-General_Concept
was	O
announced	O
for	O
all	O
Xbox	B-Device
One	I-Device
games	O
,	O
including	O
previously	O
supported	O
Xbox	B-Application
and	O
Xbox	B-Operating_System
360	I-Operating_System
games	O
but	O
excluding	O
Kinect	B-Algorithm
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
encouraged	O
third-party	O
developers	O
and	O
publishers	O
to	O
use	O
its	O
Smart	O
Delivery	O
approach	O
to	O
give	O
Xbox	B-Device
One	I-Device
games	O
free	O
performance	O
upgrade	O
patches	O
for	O
Xbox	B-Device
Series	I-Device
X/S	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Product	O
LinePlayStation	O
5Xbox	O
Series	O
X/SNamePlayStation	O
5	O
Digital	O
EditionPlayStation	O
5Xbox	O
Series	O
SXbox	O
Series	O
XLogox40px|frameless|upright	O
=	O
0.8x40px	O
|frameless|upright	O
=	O
0.8Imageframeless	O
|224x224px195px|frameless|upright	O
=	O
0.6frameless	O
|185px|upright	O
=	O
0.6frameless	O
|185px|upright	O
=	O
0.6A	O
PS5	B-Device
Digital	O
Edition	O
with	O
the	O
DualSense	O
controllerA	O
standard	O
PS5	B-Device
with	O
the	O
DualSense	O
controllerAn	O
Xbox	B-Device
Series	I-Device
S	I-Device
with	O
its	O
controllerAn	O
Xbox	B-Device
Series	I-Device
X	I-Device
with	O
its	O
controllerManufacturerSony	O
Interactive	O
EntertainmentMicrosoftRelease	O
datesAU/JP/KR/NA/NZ/SGP	O
:	O
November	O
12	O
,	O
2020WW	O
:	O
November	O
19	O
,	O
2020	O
IND	O
:	O
January	O
22	O
,	O
2021	O
INA	O
:	O
February	O
2	O
,	O
2021CHN	O
:	O
May	O
15	O
,	O
2021	O
WW	O
:	O
November	O
10	O
,	O
2020	O
CHN	O
:	O
June	O
10	O
,	O
2021Launch	O
pricesUS	O
$399.99499.99299.99499.99	O
€399.99499.99299.99499.99	O
GBP359.99449.99249.99449.99A	O
$599.95749.95499	O
749JP¥39	O
,	O
98049	O
,	O
98029	O
,	O
98049	O
,	O
980Current	O
pricesUS$	O
colspan	O
=	O
"	O
2	O
"	O
colspan	O
=	O
"	O
2	O
"	O
rowspan	O
=	O
"	O
4	O
"	O
€449.99549.99	O
GBP389.99479.99A	O
$649.95799.95	O
JP¥49	O
,	O
47860	O
,	O
47837	O
,	O
97859	O
,	O
978SalesShipped	O
32.1	O
million	O
(	O
)	O
12	O
million	O
(	O
est	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Nintendo	B-Application
Switch	I-Application
's	O
position	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
5	I-Device
or	O
Xbox	B-Device
Series	I-Device
X/S	I-Device
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
console	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
March	O
2017	O
,	O
long	O
before	O
either	O
of	O
these	O
units	O
,	O
as	O
Nintendo	O
wanted	O
to	O
recover	O
quickly	O
from	O
the	O
commercial	O
failure	O
of	O
the	B-Operating_System
Wii	I-Operating_System
U	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
they	O
had	O
done	O
with	O
the	O
original	O
Wii	B-Operating_System
,	O
Nintendo	O
designed	O
the	O
Switch	B-Application
in	O
a	O
blue	O
ocean	O
strategy	O
to	O
set	O
the	O
console	O
apart	O
from	O
the	O
competition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Switch	B-Application
has	O
generally	O
been	O
technologically	O
considered	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
eighth	B-Application
generation	I-Application
,	O
due	O
to	O
lower	O
processing	O
power	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
remains	O
competitive	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
hosting	O
multiplatform	O
games	O
alongside	O
PlayStation	B-Device
5	I-Device
and	O
Xbox	B-Device
Series	I-Device
X/S	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
Switch	B-Application
versions	O
may	O
be	O
supplemented	O
by	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
cloud	B-Application
gaming	I-Application
based	O
solutions	O
,	O
as	O
with	O
Control	B-Application
and	O
Hitman	B-Application
3	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
25	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
Valve	O
released	O
the	O
Steam	B-Device
Deck	I-Device
,	O
a	O
handheld	O
computer	O
that	O
runs	O
SteamOS	B-Application
3.0	I-Application
,	O
a	O
Linux	O
distribution	O
developed	O
by	O
Valve	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Deck	O
includes	O
Valve	O
's	O
own	O
Proton	B-Application
compatibility	B-General_Concept
layer	I-General_Concept
,	O
allowing	O
nearly	O
all	O
Windows-based	O
games	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
the	O
Deck	O
without	O
modification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Steam	B-Device
Deck	I-Device
was	O
the	O
first	O
handheld	O
to	O
use	O
an	O
RDNA	O
2	O
GPU	B-Architecture
,	O
which	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
on	O
both	O
the	O
home	B-Device
consoles	I-Device
of	O
the	O
ninth	O
generation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
major	O
cloud	B-Application
gaming	I-Application
platforms	O
,	O
Stadia	B-Application
and	O
Amazon	B-Operating_System
Luna	I-Operating_System
,	O
were	O
introduced	O
in	O
November	O
2019	O
and	O
October	O
2020	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Along	O
with	O
existing	O
cloud	O
systems	O
like	O
GeForce	O
Now	O
,	O
these	O
systems	O
lack	O
any	O
financial	O
breakthrough	O
as	O
home	B-Device
video	I-Device
game	I-Device
consoles	I-Device
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
viable	O
for	O
multiplatform	O
ninth	O
generation	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
handheld	O
console	O
made	O
to	O
capitalize	O
on	O
this	O
trend	O
is	O
the	O
Logitech	O
G	O
CLOUD	B-Application
Gaming	I-Application
Handheld	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
Stadia	B-Application
,	O
Google	O
had	O
difficulty	O
finding	O
a	O
market	O
for	O
its	O
services	O
direct	O
to	O
gamers	O
and	O
officially	O
shut	O
down	O
Stadia	B-Application
on	O
January	O
19	O
,	O
2023	O
,	O
though	O
using	O
the	O
old	O
tech	O
as	O
a	O
white	O
label	O
project	O
for	O
third-party	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Sony	O
promoted	O
its	O
PlayStation	O
lineup	O
of	O
narrative-driven	O
game	O
exclusives	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
promoted	O
its	O
cloud	B-Application
gaming	I-Application
Xbox	B-Application
Game	I-Application
Pass	I-Application
,	O
a	O
departure	O
from	O
console	O
war	O
strategy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sony	O
revamped	O
its	O
PlayStation	O
Plus	O
subscription	O
in	O
mid-2022	O
by	O
merging	O
in	O
PlayStation	B-General_Concept
Now	I-General_Concept
,	O
its	O
cloud-based	O
service	O
for	O
games	O
of	O
past	O
PlayStation	O
generations	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
feature	O
in	O
a	O
higher	O
subscription	O
tier	O
.	O
</s>
