<s>
The	O
Nintendo	B-Operating_System
Switch	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
software	I-Operating_System
(	O
also	O
known	O
by	O
its	O
codename	O
Horizon	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
updatable	O
firmware	B-Application
and	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
used	O
by	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Application
Switch	I-Application
video	B-Device
game	I-Device
console	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
proprietary	B-Application
microkernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
UI	O
includes	O
a	O
HOME	O
screen	O
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
the	O
top	O
bar	O
,	O
the	O
screenshot	O
viewer	O
(	O
"	O
Album	O
"	O
)	O
Icons	O
,	O
and	O
shortcuts	O
to	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Application
eShop	I-Application
,	O
News	O
,	O
and	O
Settings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
computer	O
security	O
researchers	O
,	O
homebrew	B-Application
software	O
developers	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
authors	O
of	O
emulators	B-Application
have	O
all	O
analyzed	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
in	O
great	O
depth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notable	O
findings	O
include	O
that	O
the	O
Switch	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
is	O
codenamed	O
Horizon	O
,	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
evolution	O
of	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Device
3DS	I-Device
system	I-Device
software	I-Device
,	O
and	O
that	O
it	O
implements	O
a	O
proprietary	B-Application
microkernel	B-Operating_System
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
drivers	O
run	O
in	O
userspace	B-Operating_System
,	O
including	O
the	O
Nvidia	O
driver	O
which	O
the	O
security	O
researchers	O
described	O
as	O
"	O
kind	O
of	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
Linux	O
driver	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
graphics	O
driver	O
features	O
an	O
undocumented	O
thin	O
API	O
layer	O
,	O
called	O
NVN	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
"	O
kind	O
of	O
like	O
Vulkan	B-Application
"	O
but	O
exposes	O
most	O
hardware	O
features	O
like	O
OpenGL	B-Application
compatibility	O
profile	O
with	O
Nvidia	O
extensions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
userspace	B-Operating_System
processes	O
use	O
Address	O
Space	O
Layout	O
Randomization	O
and	O
are	O
sandboxed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
popular	O
misconceptions	O
to	O
the	O
contrary	O
,	O
Horizon	O
is	O
not	O
largely	O
derived	O
from	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
code	O
,	O
nor	O
from	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
although	O
the	O
software	O
licence	O
and	O
reverse	O
engineering	O
efforts	O
have	O
revealed	O
that	O
Nintendo	O
does	O
use	O
some	O
code	O
from	O
both	O
in	O
some	O
system	O
services	O
and	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
networking	O
stack	O
in	O
the	O
Switch	O
OS	O
is	O
derived	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
part	O
from	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nintendo	O
's	O
use	O
of	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
networking	O
code	O
is	O
legal	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
made	O
available	O
under	O
the	O
permissive	O
BSD	O
licence	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
even	O
particularly	O
unusual	O
–	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
stack	I-Protocol
was	O
originally	O
derived	O
from	O
BSD	O
code	O
in	O
a	O
similar	O
fashion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Components	O
derived	O
from	O
Android	B-Application
code	O
include	O
the	O
Stagefright	O
multimedia	O
framework	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
graphics	O
stack	O
including	O
the	O
display	O
server	O
(	O
derived	O
from	O
SurfaceFlinger	B-Application
)	O
and	O
the	O
graphics	O
driver	O
(	O
which	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
derived	O
from	O
Nvidia	O
's	O
proprietary	B-Application
Linux	O
driver	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
a	O
full	O
web	O
browser	O
intended	O
for	O
general	O
browsing	O
is	O
not	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
console	O
as	O
of	O
February	O
2023	O
,	O
several	O
so-called	O
'	O
applets	B-Language
 '	O
are	O
included	O
which	O
utilise	O
the	O
WebKit	B-Language
rendering	O
engine	O
to	O
display	O
web	O
content	O
within	O
a	O
stripped	O
back	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
WebKit-powered	O
applet	B-Language
is	O
used	O
to	O
allow	O
users	O
to	O
log	O
in	O
to	O
captive	O
portals	O
when	O
connecting	O
to	O
certain	O
wireless	O
networks	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
features	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Application
eShop	I-Application
,	O
social	O
media	O
integrations	O
,	O
and	O
digital	O
manuals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Nintendo	B-Application
Switch	I-Application
home	O
screen	O
has	O
battery	O
,	O
internet	O
and	O
time	O
information	O
in	O
the	O
top	O
right	O
corner	O
,	O
and	O
below	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
grid	O
showing	O
all	O
software	O
on	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
downloaded	O
or	O
physical	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Underneath	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
shortcuts	O
to	O
OS	O
functions	O
such	O
as	O
Nintendo	B-Application
Switch	I-Application
Online	I-Application
,	O
the	O
News	O
,	O
eShop	B-Application
,	O
Album	O
,	O
Controller	O
settings	O
,	O
System	O
Settings	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
Sleep	O
Mode	O
button	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Nintendo	B-Application
Switch	I-Application
home	O
screen	O
currently	O
lacks	O
an	O
internet	O
browser	O
and	O
a	O
messaging	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
News	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Operating_System
Switch	I-Operating_System
software	I-Operating_System
allows	O
users	O
to	O
read	O
gaming	O
news	O
and	O
advertisements	O
provided	O
by	O
Nintendo	O
and	O
third-party	O
developers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Nintendo	B-Application
eShop	I-Application
option	O
on	O
the	O
Home	O
menu	O
opens	O
a	O
WebKit-based	O
interface	O
that	O
allows	O
games	O
to	O
be	O
purchased	O
and	O
downloaded	O
from	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Application
eShop	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
well	O
as	O
games	O
,	O
the	O
eShop	B-Application
offers	O
select	O
non-gaming	O
apps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hulu	B-Application
was	O
the	O
first	O
video	O
streaming	O
application	O
released	O
for	O
the	O
Switch	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
on	O
9	O
November	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
application	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
8	O
November	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
4	O
November	O
2020	O
,	O
a	O
trial	O
version	O
app	O
of	O
the	O
Tencent	O
Video	O
streaming	O
service	O
was	O
launched	O
exclusively	O
for	O
Nintendo	B-Application
Switch	I-Application
consoles	O
officially	O
distributed	O
by	O
Tencent	O
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Funimation	O
launched	O
their	O
own	O
streaming	O
app	O
for	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Application
Switch	I-Application
,	O
featuring	O
a	O
reworked	O
layout	O
and	O
new	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
app	O
became	O
available	O
via	O
eShop	B-Application
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
Canada	O
on	O
15	O
December	O
2020	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
launch	O
in	O
various	O
other	O
countries	O
at	O
a	O
later	O
date	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
and	O
Ireland	O
on	O
22	O
March	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Twitch	O
app	O
launched	O
for	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Application
Switch	I-Application
on	O
11	O
November	O
2021	O
in	O
most	O
regions	O
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
eShop	B-Application
version	O
of	O
the	O
app	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
watch	O
or	O
follow	O
any	O
live	O
or	O
recorded	O
content	O
on	O
Twitch	O
,	O
but	O
does	O
not	O
support	O
any	O
native	O
ability	O
for	O
Switch	O
players	O
to	O
contribute	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Korg	O
Gadget	O
,	O
a	O
music	O
production	O
app	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
for	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Application
Switch	I-Application
on	O
26	O
April	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
InkyPen	B-Application
,	O
a	O
comics	O
and	O
manga	O
subscription	O
app	O
,	O
launched	O
exclusively	O
on	O
the	O
Switch	O
worldwide	O
in	O
December	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Screenshots	O
can	O
be	O
edited	O
by	O
adding	O
text	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
shared	O
to	O
Facebook	B-Application
or	O
Twitter	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
2.0.0	O
update	O
added	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
post	O
screenshots	O
to	O
Facebook	B-Application
or	O
Twitter	B-Application
from	O
within	O
the	O
system	O
UI	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
easier	O
to	O
share	O
screenshots	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
14.0.0	O
updated	O
added	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
download	O
screenshots	O
and	O
videos	O
to	O
a	O
PC	B-Device
via	O
a	O
USB	B-Protocol
cable	O
or	O
to	O
a	O
Mobile	O
device	O
via	O
a	O
webpage	O
hosting	O
the	O
files	O
generated	O
by	O
the	O
Switch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Nintendo	B-Application
Switch	I-Application
has	O
a	O
hidden	O
Recovery	O
Mode	O
(	O
RCM	O
)	O
feature	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
accessed	O
by	O
powering	O
off	O
the	O
unit	O
,	O
then	O
using	O
a	O
specially-constructed	O
jig	O
to	O
short-circuit	O
some	O
pins	O
on	O
the	O
right-hand	O
Joy-Con	O
connector	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
holding	O
down	O
the	O
volume	O
up	O
button	O
while	O
powering	O
on	O
the	O
unit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
initial	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
software	O
for	O
Nintendo	B-Application
Switch	I-Application
on	O
the	O
launch	O
day	O
consoles	O
was	O
updated	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
day	O
one	O
"	O
patch	O
on	O
3	O
March	O
2017	O
,	O
the	O
console	O
's	O
launch	O
date	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
notable	O
features	O
of	O
this	O
update	O
are	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Application
eShop	I-Application
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
add	O
friends	O
to	O
a	O
friends	O
list	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Operating_System
3DS	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
April	O
2021	O
firmware	B-Application
update	O
was	O
found	O
by	O
dataminers	B-Application
to	O
have	O
added	O
rudimentary	O
support	O
for	O
Bluetooth	O
audio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2021	O
,	O
the	O
13.1.0	O
version	O
update	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
Nintendo	B-Application
Switch	I-Application
Online	I-Application
+	O
Expansion	O
Pack	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prevented	O
battery	O
percentage	O
from	O
not	O
displaying	O
correctly3.0.2September	O
5	O
,	O
2017Nintendo	O
Switch	B-Application
Online	I-Application
improvements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compatibility	O
with	O
USB	B-Protocol
headsets4.0.1October	O
25	O
,	O
2017General	O
stability	O
improvements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pro	B-Device
Controller	I-Device
grip	O
colors	O
display5.0.1March	O
26	O
,	O
2018General	O
stability	O
improvements.5.0.2April	O
16	O
,	O
2018General	O
stability	O
improvements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
User	O
icons	O
for	O
recommended	O
friends	O
would	O
display	O
incorrectly5.1.0May	O
30	O
,	O
2018General	O
stability	O
improvements.6.0.0September	O
18	O
,	O
2018Nintendo	O
Switch	B-Application
Online	I-Application
improvements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Change	O
layout	O
of	O
USB	B-Protocol
keyboard	O
to	O
desired	O
language6.0.1October	O
8	O
,	O
2018General	O
stability	O
improvements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Games	O
would	O
not	O
recognise	O
Nintendo	B-Application
Switch	I-Application
Online	I-Application
memberships6.2.0November	O
19	O
,	O
2018Game	O
stability	O
improvements.7.0.0January	O
28	O
,	O
2019New	O
features	O
integrated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pokémon	B-Application
:	I-Application
Let	I-Application
's	I-Application
Go	I-Application
,	I-Application
Pikachu	I-Application
!	I-Application
</s>
<s>
and	O
Pokémon	B-Application
:	I-Application
Let	I-Application
's	I-Application
Go	I-Application
,	I-Application
Eevee	I-Application
!	I-Application
</s>
<s>
games	O
could	O
not	O
reconnect	O
to	O
the	O
Pokémon	B-Application
GO	I-Application
app8.0.0April	O
15	O
,	O
2019New	O
features	O
integrated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Option	O
to	O
turn	O
on/off	O
the	O
system	O
button	O
(	O
Nintendo	B-Device
Switch	I-Device
Lite	I-Device
only	O
)	O
9.0.1September	O
30	O
,	O
2019General	O
stability	O
improvements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Display	O
of	O
an	O
instruction	O
to	O
remove	O
the	O
Joy-Con	O
during	O
initial	O
Nintendo	B-Device
Switch	I-Device
Lite	I-Device
setup9.1.0December	O
4	O
,	O
2019General	O
stability	O
improvements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Animation	O
not	O
displaying	O
correctly	O
when	O
attaching	O
a	O
Joy-Con	O
to	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Application
Switch	I-Application
console9.2.0March	O
3	O
,	O
2020General	O
stability	O
improvements.10.0.0April	O
14	O
,	O
2020New	O
features	O
integrated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nintendo	B-Application
Switch	I-Application
Online	I-Application
added	O
to	O
the	O
HOME	O
Menu	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Screenshots	O
can	O
be	O
taken	O
within	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Application
Switch	I-Application
Online	I-Application
application	O
on	O
the	O
HOME	O
Menu	O
.	O
</s>
