<s>
The	O
nine-volt	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
,	O
or	O
9-volt	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
,	O
is	O
an	O
electric	O
battery	O
that	O
supplies	O
a	O
nominal	O
voltage	O
of	O
9	B-Algorithm
volts	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
nine-volt	O
PP3-size	O
battery	O
is	O
commonly	O
available	O
in	O
primary	O
zinc-carbon	B-Algorithm
and	O
alkaline	B-Algorithm
chemistry	O
,	O
in	O
primary	O
lithium	O
iron	O
disulfide	O
and	O
lithium	O
manganese	O
dioxide	O
(	O
sometimes	O
designated	O
CRV9	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
rechargeable	B-Architecture
form	O
in	O
nickel-cadmium	O
(	O
Ni	O
–	O
Cd	O
)	O
,	O
nickel-metal	B-Device
hydride	I-Device
(	O
Ni	B-Device
–	I-Device
MH	I-Device
)	O
and	O
lithium-ion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mercury	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
of	O
this	O
format	O
,	O
once	O
common	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
banned	O
in	O
many	O
countries	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
toxicity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Designations	O
for	O
this	O
format	O
include	O
NEDA	O
1604	O
and	O
IEC	B-Algorithm
6F22	I-Algorithm
(	O
for	O
zinc-carbon	B-Algorithm
)	O
or	O
MN1604	O
6LR61	B-Algorithm
(	O
for	O
alkaline	B-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
size	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
chemistry	O
,	O
is	O
commonly	O
designated	O
PP3	O
—	O
a	O
designation	O
originally	O
reserved	O
solely	O
for	O
carbon-zinc	B-Algorithm
,	O
or	O
in	O
some	O
countries	O
,	O
E	O
or	O
E-block	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
range	O
of	O
PP	O
batteries	O
was	O
produced	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
with	O
voltages	O
of	O
4.5	O
,	O
6	O
,	O
and	O
9	B-Algorithm
volts	I-Algorithm
and	O
different	O
capacities	O
;	O
the	O
larger	O
9-volt	B-Algorithm
PP6	O
,	O
PP7	O
,	O
and	O
PP9	B-Algorithm
are	O
still	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
few	O
other	O
9-volt	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
sizes	O
are	O
available	O
:	O
A10	O
and	O
A29	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
PP3-size	O
alkaline	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
are	O
constructed	O
of	O
six	O
individual	O
1.5V	O
LR61	O
cells	O
enclosed	O
in	O
a	O
wrapper	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
cells	O
are	O
slightly	O
smaller	O
than	O
LR8D425	O
AAAA	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
their	O
place	O
for	O
some	O
devices	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
they	O
are	O
3.5mm	O
shorter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Carbon-zinc	B-Algorithm
types	O
are	O
made	O
with	O
six	O
flat	O
cells	O
in	O
a	O
stack	O
,	O
enclosed	O
in	O
a	O
moisture-resistant	O
wrapper	O
to	O
prevent	O
drying	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
9-volt	B-Algorithm
batteries	O
accounted	O
for	O
4%	O
of	O
alkaline	B-Algorithm
primary	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
sales	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
in	O
2007	O
,	O
and	O
2%	O
of	O
primary	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
sales	O
and	O
2%	O
of	O
secondary	O
(	O
rechargeable	B-Architecture
)	O
battery	O
sales	O
in	O
Switzerland	O
in	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Historically	O
,	O
the	O
now	O
popular	O
PP3	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
size	O
was	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
power	O
pack	O
(	O
PP	O
)	O
battery	O
family	O
that	O
was	O
originally	O
manufactured	O
by	O
Ever	O
Ready	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
and	O
Eveready	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
says	O
that	O
it	O
introduced	O
the	O
PP3	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
in	O
1956	O
,	O
having	O
been	O
added	O
as	O
an	O
ANSI	O
standard	O
in	O
1959	O
,	O
currently	O
known	O
as	O
ANSI-1604A	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Power	O
pack	O
(	O
PP	O
)	O
battery	O
family	O
Name	O
Voltage	O
Capacity	O
Depth	O
Width	O
Height	O
PP1	O
6	O
volt	O
4	O
Ah	O
55.6	O
mm	O
65.1	O
mm	O
55.6	O
mm	O
PP3	O
9	B-Algorithm
volt	I-Algorithm
0.5	O
Ah	O
17.5	O
mm	O
26.5	O
mm	O
48.5	O
mm	O
PP4	O
9	B-Algorithm
volt	I-Algorithm
0.9	O
Ah	O
Dia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PP11	O
consists	O
of	O
two	O
isolated	O
4.5-volt	O
batteries	O
with	O
four	O
terminals	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Only	O
the	O
PP3	O
,	O
PP6	O
,	O
PP7	O
and	O
PP9	B-Algorithm
sizes	O
are	O
still	O
manufactured	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
PP3	O
being	O
extremely	O
common	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
the	O
mid-1950s	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
days	O
of	O
vacuum	O
tube	O
(	O
valve	O
)	O
radios	O
used	O
batteries	B-Algorithm
designed	I-Algorithm
specifically	I-Algorithm
for	I-Algorithm
vacuum	I-Algorithm
tubes	I-Algorithm
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
nine-volt	O
grid	O
bias	O
battery	O
or	O
(	O
US	O
)	O
"	O
C	B-Algorithm
"	O
battery	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
taps	O
for	O
various	O
voltages	O
from	O
1.5	O
to	O
9	B-Algorithm
volts	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PP3	O
(	O
physically	O
identical	O
to	O
6LR61	B-Algorithm
or	O
1604A	O
)	O
appeared	O
when	O
portable	O
transistor	O
radios	O
became	O
common	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
a	O
transistor	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
or	O
transistor-radio	O
battery	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PP3	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
has	O
both	O
terminals	B-Algorithm
in	O
a	O
snap	O
connector	O
on	O
one	O
end	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
same	O
snap-style	O
connector	O
is	O
used	O
on	O
other	O
battery	B-Algorithm
types	I-Algorithm
in	O
the	O
Power	O
Pack	O
(	O
PP	O
)	O
series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
problem	O
with	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
connector	O
is	O
that	O
two	O
loose	O
batteries	O
with	O
terminals	B-Algorithm
exposed	O
can	O
touch	O
and	O
short	B-Application
circuit	I-Application
,	O
discharging	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
generating	O
heat	O
and	O
possibly	O
a	O
fire	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Keeping	O
nine-volt	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
in	O
their	O
packaging	O
until	O
use	O
helps	O
to	O
avoid	O
accidental	O
discharge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Very	O
often	O
,	O
a	O
"	O
9-volt	B-Algorithm
"	O
battery	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
transistor	O
radio	O
size	O
called	O
PP3	O
or	O
IEC	B-Algorithm
6F22	I-Algorithm
or	O
NEDA	O
1604	O
,	O
although	O
there	O
are	O
less	O
common	O
nine-volt	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
of	O
different	O
sizes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Costlier	O
industrial-grade	O
batteries	O
may	O
use	O
chemistries	O
that	O
provide	O
higher	O
power-to-size	O
ratio	O
,	O
have	O
lower	O
self-discharge	B-Algorithm
and	O
hence	O
longer	O
life	O
when	O
not	O
in	O
use	O
,	O
more	O
resistance	O
to	O
leakage	O
and	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
ability	O
to	O
handle	O
the	O
high	O
temperature	O
and	O
humidity	O
associated	O
with	O
medical	O
autoclave	O
sterilization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
the	O
proximity	O
of	O
the	O
positive	O
and	O
negative	O
terminals	B-Algorithm
at	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
battery	O
and	O
relatively	O
low	O
current	O
of	O
most	O
common	O
batteries	O
,	O
one	O
informal	O
method	O
of	O
testing	O
voltage	O
is	O
to	O
place	O
the	O
two	O
terminals	B-Algorithm
across	O
a	O
tongue	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
strong	O
tingle	O
would	O
indicate	O
a	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
with	O
a	O
strong	O
charge	O
,	O
the	O
absence	O
,	O
a	O
discharged	O
battery	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lithium	O
9-volt	B-Algorithm
batteries	O
are	O
disposable	O
high-energy-density	O
batteries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
>1.2Ah	O
@	O
900	O
ohms	O
to	O
5.4V	O
@	O
23°C	O
for	O
one	O
type	O
)	O
,	O
about	O
twice	O
the	O
capacity	O
of	O
alkaline	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
manufacturers	O
claim	O
the	O
energy	O
density	O
can	O
be	O
five	O
times	O
that	O
of	O
alkaline	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Common	O
applications	O
for	O
lithium	O
nine-volt	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
are	O
smoke	O
and	O
carbon	O
monoxide	O
detectors	O
.	O
</s>
