<s>
The	O
Nikon	B-Architecture
F-mount	I-Architecture
is	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
interchangeable	B-Algorithm
lens	I-Algorithm
mount	O
developed	O
by	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
for	O
its	O
35mm	O
format	O
single-lens	B-Algorithm
reflex	I-Algorithm
cameras	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
F-mount	B-Architecture
was	O
first	O
introduced	O
on	O
the	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
F	I-Algorithm
camera	B-Algorithm
in	O
1959	O
,	O
and	O
features	O
a	O
three-lug	O
bayonet	O
mount	O
with	O
a	O
44mm	O
throat	O
and	O
a	O
flange	O
to	O
focal	O
plane	O
distance	O
of	O
46.5mm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
continues	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
2020	O
D6	O
model	O
,	O
to	O
use	O
variations	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
lens	B-Algorithm
mount	I-Algorithm
specification	O
for	O
its	O
film	O
and	O
digital	B-Device
SLR	I-Device
cameras	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Nikon	B-Architecture
F-mount	I-Architecture
is	O
one	O
of	O
only	O
two	O
SLR	B-Algorithm
lens	B-Algorithm
mounts	I-Algorithm
(	O
the	O
other	O
being	O
the	O
Pentax	B-Algorithm
K-mount	I-Algorithm
)	O
which	O
were	O
not	O
abandoned	O
by	O
their	O
associated	O
manufacturer	O
upon	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
autofocus	O
,	O
but	O
rather	O
extended	O
to	O
meet	O
new	O
requirements	O
related	O
to	O
metering	O
,	O
autofocus	O
,	O
and	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
control	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
large	O
variety	O
of	O
F-mount	B-Architecture
compatible	O
lenses	O
makes	O
it	O
the	O
largest	O
system	O
of	O
interchangeable	O
flange-mount	O
photographic	O
lenses	O
in	O
history	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
F-mount	B-Architecture
is	O
also	O
popular	O
in	O
scientific	O
and	O
industrial	O
applications	O
,	O
most	O
notably	O
machine	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
F-mount	B-Architecture
has	O
been	O
in	O
production	O
for	O
over	O
50	O
years	O
,	O
the	O
only	O
SLR	B-Algorithm
lens	B-Algorithm
mount	I-Algorithm
with	O
such	O
longevity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
's	O
own	O
range	O
of	O
"	O
Nikkor	O
"	O
lenses	O
,	O
brands	O
of	O
F-mount	B-Architecture
photographic	O
lenses	O
include	O
Zeiss	O
,	O
Voigtländer	B-Algorithm
,	O
Schneider	O
,	O
Angénieux	O
,	O
Samyang	O
,	O
Sigma	O
,	O
Tokina	O
,	O
Tamron	O
,	O
Hartblei	O
,	O
Kiev-Arsenal	B-Algorithm
,	O
Lensbaby	O
,	O
and	O
Vivitar	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
F-mount	B-Architecture
cameras	O
include	O
current	O
models	O
from	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
,	O
Fujifilm	O
,	O
Sinar	B-Algorithm
,	O
JVC	O
,	O
Kenko	O
and	O
Horseman	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Numerous	O
other	O
manufacturers	O
employ	O
the	O
F-mount	B-Architecture
in	O
non-photographic	O
imaging	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
F-mount	B-Architecture
has	O
a	O
significant	O
degree	O
of	O
both	O
backward	B-General_Concept
and	O
forward	B-General_Concept
compatibility	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
current	O
autofocus	O
F-mount	B-Architecture
lenses	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
on	O
the	O
original	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
F	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
the	O
earliest	O
manual-focus	O
F-mount	B-Architecture
lenses	O
of	O
the	O
1960s	O
and	O
early	O
1970s	O
can	O
,	O
with	O
some	O
modification	O
,	O
still	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
their	O
fullest	O
on	O
all	O
professional-class	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Incompatibilities	O
do	O
exist	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
and	O
adventurous	O
F-mount	B-Architecture
users	O
should	O
consult	O
product	O
documentation	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
avoid	O
problems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
many	O
electronic	O
camera	B-Algorithm
bodies	O
cannot	O
meter	O
without	O
a	O
CPU	B-Device
enabled	O
lens	O
;	O
the	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
of	O
G	O
designated	O
lenses	O
cannot	O
be	O
controlled	O
without	O
an	O
electronic	O
camera	B-Algorithm
body	O
;	O
non-AI	O
lenses	O
(	O
manufactured	O
prior	O
to	O
1977	O
)	O
can	O
cause	O
mechanical	O
damage	O
to	O
later	O
model	O
bodies	O
unless	O
they	O
are	O
modified	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
AI	O
specification	O
;	O
and	O
AF-P	O
lenses	O
(	O
introduced	O
in	O
2016	O
)	O
will	O
not	O
focus	O
,	O
even	O
manually	O
,	O
on	O
cameras	O
introduced	O
before	O
roughly	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
manual	O
focus	O
lenses	O
can	O
be	O
converted	O
to	O
allow	O
metering	O
with	O
consumer	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
bodies	O
by	O
adding	O
a	O
Dandelion	B-Algorithm
chip	I-Algorithm
to	O
the	O
lens	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
Nikon	B-Architecture
F-mount	I-Architecture
lenses	O
cover	O
a	O
minimum	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
36×24mm	O
area	O
of	O
35mm	O
format	O
and	O
the	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
FX	I-Algorithm
format	O
,	O
while	O
DX	O
designated	O
lenses	O
cover	O
the	O
24×16mm	O
area	O
of	O
the	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
DX	O
format	O
,	O
and	O
industrial	O
F-mount	B-Architecture
lenses	O
have	O
varying	O
coverage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Nikon	B-Architecture
lenses	I-Architecture
designed	O
for	O
film	O
cameras	O
will	O
work	O
on	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
digital	O
system	O
cameras	O
with	O
the	O
limitations	O
noted	O
above	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
F-mount	B-Architecture
lenses	O
lock	O
by	O
turning	O
counter-clockwise	O
(	O
when	O
looking	O
at	O
the	O
front	O
of	O
lens	O
)	O
and	O
unlock	O
clockwise	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nearly	O
all	O
F-mount	B-Architecture
lenses	O
have	O
zoom	O
and	O
focus	O
controls	O
that	O
rotate	O
in	O
the	O
clockwise	O
direction	O
(	O
as	O
viewed	O
from	O
behind	O
the	O
camera	B-Algorithm
)	O
to	O
increase	O
focal	O
length	O
and	O
focus	O
distance	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
convention	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
Pentax	B-Algorithm
K-mount	I-Algorithm
and	O
Sony	B-Algorithm
A-mount	I-Algorithm
lenses	O
but	O
is	O
opposite	O
of	O
the	O
direction	O
normally	O
used	O
by	O
Canon	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
F-mount	B-Architecture
lenses	O
also	O
typically	O
have	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
rings	O
that	O
turn	O
clockwise	O
to	O
close	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
rings	O
have	O
two	O
sets	O
of	O
f-stop	O
numbers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
cameras	O
equipped	O
with	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
's	O
Aperture	B-General_Concept
Direct	O
Readout	O
(	O
ADR	O
)	O
system	O
,	O
a	O
small	O
window	O
under	O
the	O
pentaprism	O
reads	O
the	O
smaller	O
scale	O
and	O
displays	O
the	O
selected	O
f-stop	O
in	O
the	O
viewfinder	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nikon	B-Algorithm
has	O
introduced	O
many	O
proprietary	O
designations	O
for	O
F-mount	B-Architecture
Nikkor	O
lenses	O
,	O
reflecting	O
design	O
variations	O
and	O
developments	O
both	O
in	O
lenses	O
and	O
the	O
F-mount	B-Architecture
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
—	O
Auto	O
Nikkor	O
(	O
also	O
unofficially	O
F	O
,	O
Pre-AI	O
,	O
Non-AI	O
or	O
NAI	O
)	O
—	O
Designation	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
generation	O
of	O
F-mount	B-Architecture
lenses	O
,	O
introduced	O
in	O
1959	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
were	O
all	O
single-coated	O
,	O
and	O
meter	O
coupling	O
was	O
provided	O
by	O
a	O
prong	O
(	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
Meter	O
Coupling	O
Prong	O
)	O
fixed	O
to	O
the	O
lens	O
's	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
ring	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Photomic	O
T	O
through-the-lens	O
light	O
meter	O
introduced	O
in	O
1965	O
worked	O
at	O
full	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
,	O
so	O
the	O
maximum	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
lens	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
communicated	O
to	O
the	O
meter	O
via	O
a	O
manual	O
setting	O
on	O
the	O
ASA	O
dial	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Nikkormat	B-Algorithm
FTn	O
and	O
FTn	O
metered	O
finder	O
for	O
the	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
F	I-Algorithm
introduced	O
semi-automatic	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
indexing	O
which	O
was	O
achieved	O
by	O
mounting	O
the	O
lens	O
with	O
the	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
ring	O
set	O
to	O
5.6	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
turning	O
the	O
ring	O
to	O
first	O
the	O
minimum	O
and	O
then	O
the	O
maximum	O
apertures	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
"	O
Nippon	O
Kogaku	O
Japan	O
"	O
engraving	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
"	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
"	O
from	O
1971	O
onwards.Mounting	O
a	O
non-AI	O
lens	O
can	O
damage	O
many	O
modern	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
camera	B-Algorithm
bodies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI-cameras	O
that	O
still	O
may	O
use	O
non-AI	O
lenses	O
includes	O
the	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
F2A/F2AS	I-Algorithm
with	O
Photomic	O
A	O
(	O
DP-11	O
)	O
or	O
AS	O
(	O
DP-12	O
)	O
finder	O
,	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
(	O
Nikkormat	B-Algorithm
)	O
EL2	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
FM	I-Algorithm
and	O
FE	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
Df	I-Algorithm
,	O
a	O
DSLR	B-Device
introduced	O
in	O
late	O
2013	O
,	O
can	O
use	O
non-AI	O
lenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Auto	O
—	O
Designation	O
for	O
F-type	O
lenses	O
indicating	O
an	O
automatic	O
diaphragm	O
(	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	O
—	O
Manual	O
focus	O
with	O
"	O
Automatic	O
Maximum-Aperture	O
Indexing	O
,	O
"	O
introduced	O
in	O
1977	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AI	O
standard	O
adds	O
a	O
Meter	O
Coupling	O
Ridge	O
to	O
the	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
ring	O
,	O
which	O
encodes	O
the	O
current	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
setting	O
relative	O
to	O
the	O
maximum	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
Lens	O
Speed	O
Indexing	O
Post	O
on	O
the	O
mounting	O
flange	O
,	O
which	O
encodes	O
the	O
maximum	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Ridge	O
and	O
Post	O
couple	O
to	O
the	O
camera	B-Algorithm
's	O
light	O
meter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Current	O
professional	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
camera	B-Algorithm
bodies	O
link	O
with	O
the	O
Meter	O
Coupling	O
Ridge	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
Lens	O
Speed	O
Indexing	O
Post	O
is	O
ignored	O
and	O
the	O
maximum	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
value	O
is	O
set	O
electronically	O
by	O
the	O
operator	O
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI-designated	O
lenses	O
also	O
improved	O
on	O
the	O
original	O
Meter	O
Coupling	O
Prong	O
,	O
adding	O
cutaways	O
which	O
allow	O
more	O
ambient	O
light	O
to	O
fall	O
on	O
the	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
ring	O
,	O
increasing	O
visibility	O
on	O
cameras	O
which	O
optically	O
projected	O
the	O
setting	O
inside	O
the	O
viewfinder	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
accomplished	O
by	O
replacing	O
the	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
ring	O
and	O
the	O
metering	O
prong	O
(	O
using	O
a	O
long-discontinued	O
kit	O
procured	O
from	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
)	O
or	O
by	O
modifying	O
the	O
original	O
part	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
independent	O
camera	B-Algorithm
repair	O
technicians	O
continue	O
to	O
offer	O
such	O
conversions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI-S	O
—	O
The	O
successor	O
to	O
AI	O
,	O
the	O
AI-S	O
specification	O
added	O
two	O
mechanical	O
enhancements	O
—	O
standardized	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
control	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Focal	O
Length	O
Indexing	O
Ridge	O
—	O
required	O
for	O
the	O
shutter	B-Algorithm
priority	I-Algorithm
and	O
other	O
auto-aperture	O
exposure	O
modes	O
of	O
the	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
FA	I-Algorithm
,	O
F-301/N2000	B-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
F-501/N2020	B-Algorithm
cameras	O
(	O
although	O
the	O
FA	O
will	O
operate	O
correctly	O
in	O
shutter	B-Algorithm
priority	I-Algorithm
and	O
program	O
modes	O
with	O
any	O
AI	O
lens	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
AI-S	O
is	O
now	O
commonly	O
used	O
to	O
refer	O
to	O
manual	O
focus	O
lenses	O
,	O
and	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
continues	O
to	O
produce	O
eight	O
prime	O
lens	O
models	O
in	O
its	O
AI-S	O
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
AF	O
lenses	O
with	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
rings	O
(	O
non-G	O
)	O
also	O
meet	O
the	O
AI-S	O
specification	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
their	O
lack	O
of	O
a	O
Meter	O
Coupling	O
Prong	O
(	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
added	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Visually	O
,	O
AI-S	O
lenses	O
can	O
quickly	O
be	O
identified	O
by	O
the	O
smallest	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
setting	O
(	O
usually	O
f/22	O
)	O
being	O
marked	O
in	O
orange	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
Standardized	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
control	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI-S	O
lens	O
apertures	B-General_Concept
move	O
in	O
a	O
standardized	O
fashion	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
their	O
stop-down	O
levers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
levers	O
of	O
AI	O
and	O
pre-AI	O
lenses	O
were	O
intended	O
only	O
to	O
close	O
the	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
to	O
its	O
manual	O
setting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
advance	O
of	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
control	O
by	O
the	O
camera	B-Algorithm
body	O
itself	O
,	O
by	O
partial	O
actuation	O
of	O
the	O
stop-down	O
lever	O
,	O
meant	O
more	O
precision	O
was	O
required	O
for	O
consistent	O
exposure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
feature	O
is	O
indicated	O
by	O
a	O
Lens	O
Type	O
Signal	O
notch	O
in	O
the	O
lens	B-Algorithm
mount	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI-S	O
lenses	O
with	O
a	O
focal	O
length	O
of	O
135mm	O
or	O
longer	O
are	O
indicated	O
by	O
a	O
ridge	O
on	O
the	O
lens	B-Algorithm
mount	I-Algorithm
,	O
used	O
by	O
FA	O
and	O
F-501	B-Algorithm
to	O
engage	O
high-speed-biased	O
Program	O
Autoexposure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AF	O
—	O
The	O
original	O
autofocus	O
designation	O
,	O
indicating	O
focus	O
driven	O
by	O
a	O
motor	O
inside	O
the	O
camera	B-Algorithm
body	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
AF	O
lenses	O
have	O
an	O
integrated	O
CPU	B-Device
(	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Used	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
"	O
AF	O
Nikkor	O
"	O
,	O
this	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
confused	O
with	O
the	O
original	O
autofocus	O
lenses	O
for	O
the	O
F3AF	B-Algorithm
camera	B-Algorithm
,	O
which	O
were	O
designated	O
"	O
AF-Nikkor	O
"	O
and	O
are	O
considered	O
predecessors	O
to	O
AF-I	O
lenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AF-P	O
—	O
Autofocus	O
using	O
a	O
stepper	B-Algorithm
motor	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
F-Mount	B-Architecture
lens	O
in	O
2015	O
after	O
being	O
introduced	O
2011	O
in	O
the	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
1-mount	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
DX	O
AF-P	O
lenses	O
omit	O
the	O
physical	O
AF/MF	O
switch	O
—	O
those	O
with	O
Vibration	O
Reduction	O
(	O
VR	O
)	O
omit	O
the	O
VR-switch.Fully	O
AF-P	O
compatible	O
without	O
any	O
firmware	B-Application
update	O
are	O
the	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
D850	O
,	O
D500	O
,	O
D7500	O
,	O
D5600	B-Algorithm
,	O
D3400	B-Algorithm
,	O
D3500	O
,	O
Nikon-1	O
series	O
with	O
FT1	O
adapter	O
and	O
newer	O
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fully	O
AF-P	O
compatible	O
after	O
update	O
are	O
the	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
D5	O
,	O
D5500	O
and	O
D5300	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
they	O
lack	O
"	O
Manual	O
focus	O
ring	O
in	O
AF	O
mode	O
"	O
,	O
the	O
manual	O
override	O
of	O
autofocus.The	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
D3X	O
,	O
D3S	O
,	O
D3	O
,	O
D700	O
,	O
D300	O
,	O
D300S	O
,	O
D7000	B-Algorithm
and	O
D2XS	O
operate	O
only	O
AF-P	O
FX	O
lenses	O
with	O
additionally	O
restrictions	O
that	O
after	O
a	O
reactivation	O
from	O
the	O
standby	O
mode	O
a	O
(	O
quick	O
)	O
automatic	O
or	O
manual	O
refocusing	O
must	O
take	O
place	O
as	O
the	O
focus	O
is	O
reset	O
to	O
infinity	O
as	O
they	O
wake	O
up	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
avoid	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
standby	O
time	O
may	O
be	O
set	O
in	O
the	O
camera	B-Algorithm
for	O
a	O
longer	O
time	O
or	O
"	O
Unlimited	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
D5200	O
works	O
with	O
DX	O
and	O
FX	O
lenses	O
,	O
but	O
additionally	O
displays	O
a	O
"	O
Lens	O
not	O
attached	O
"	O
message	O
if	O
a	O
lens	O
lock	O
switch	O
was	O
activated	O
when	O
the	O
camera	B-Algorithm
is	O
turned	O
on.The	O
AF-P	O
focus	O
motor	O
will	O
not	O
work	O
with	O
all	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
film	O
cameras	O
and	O
D1	O
to	O
other	O
D2	O
series	O
,	O
D200	O
,	O
D100	O
,	O
D5100	O
,	O
D5000	O
,	O
D90	O
,	O
D80	O
,	O
D70	O
series	O
,	O
D3200	O
,	O
D3100	O
,	O
D3000	O
,	O
D60	B-Algorithm
,	O
D50	O
,	O
D40	O
and	O
D40X	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Not	O
to	O
be	O
confused	O
with	O
old	O
AI-P	O
"	O
Program	O
"	O
(	O
CPU	B-Device
)	O
lenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CPU	B-Device
—	O
Central	O
Processing	O
Unit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
lens	O
is	O
fitted	O
with	O
electrical	O
contacts	O
for	O
digital	O
communication	O
with	O
the	O
camera	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
AF	O
and	O
AI-P	O
lenses	O
are	O
CPU	B-Device
lenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
non-professional	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
cameras	O
require	O
CPU	B-Device
lenses	O
for	O
metered	O
operation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
integrated	O
CPU	B-Device
electronically	O
communicates	O
focus	O
distance	O
information	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
incorporated	O
into	O
the	O
camera	B-Algorithm
's	O
exposure	O
calculations	O
in	O
3D	O
Matrix	O
Metering	O
mode	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
D-TTL	O
and	O
I-TTL	O
flash	O
autoexposure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
diaphragm	O
of	O
an	O
E	O
lens	O
is	O
controlled	O
digitally	O
by	O
the	O
camera	B-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
actuated	O
electromagnetically	O
by	O
a	O
system	O
housed	O
within	O
the	O
lens	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
employing	O
the	O
F-mount	B-Architecture
'	O
s	O
traditional	O
mechanical	O
diaphragm	O
linkage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
E-type	O
lenses	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
control	O
is	O
only	O
supported	O
by	O
all	O
DSLRs	B-Device
with	O
CMOS	B-Architecture
image	I-Architecture
sensor	I-Architecture
except	O
the	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
D90	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
all	O
other	O
cameras	O
the	O
lens	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
stays	O
maximum	O
open	O
with	O
normal	O
autofocus	O
and	O
metering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
E	O
Lenses	O
with	O
manual	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
control	O
like	O
PC-E	O
lenses	O
allow	O
manual	O
diaphragm	O
operation	O
on	O
all	O
cameras	O
,	O
with	O
possible	O
unreliable	O
metering	O
on	O
DSLRs	B-Device
without	O
E-type	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
G	O
—	O
Designation	O
for	O
lenses	O
without	O
an	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
ring	O
,	O
indicated	O
after	O
the	O
f-number	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
G	O
lenses	O
retain	O
the	O
mechanical	O
diaphragm	O
coupling	O
of	O
other	O
Nikkors	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
setting	O
can	O
only	O
be	O
controlled	O
by	O
the	O
camera	B-Algorithm
body	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Older	O
autofocus	O
bodies	O
will	O
work	O
with	O
G	O
lenses	O
in	O
shutter	B-Algorithm
priority	I-Algorithm
and	O
program	O
modes	O
with	O
full	O
opened	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
CPU-enabled	O
variation	O
of	O
AI-S	O
.	O
Includes	O
only	O
the	O
45/2.8P	O
,	O
500/4P	O
and	O
1200-1700/5.6	O
-8P	O
Nikkor	O
lenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zeiss	O
ZF.2	O
and	O
Voigtländer	B-Algorithm
SL	O
II	O
lenses	O
are	O
also	O
AI-P	O
designs	O
,	O
although	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
designated	O
as	O
such	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
flash	O
's	O
guide	O
number	O
is	O
set	O
on	O
the	O
lens	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
is	O
accordingly	O
coupled	O
to	O
the	O
lens	O
's	O
focus	O
ring	O
for	O
correct	O
exposure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
only	O
GN	O
lens	O
,	O
the	O
supercompact	O
GN	O
Auto	O
Nikkor	O
(	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
second	O
smallest	O
Nikon	B-Architecture
F-mount	I-Architecture
lens	O
ever	O
made	O
)	O
,	O
was	O
built	O
during	O
the	O
late	O
1960s	O
and	O
early	O
1970s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
N	O
—	O
Indicates	O
the	O
Nano	O
Crystal	O
Coat	O
,	O
a	O
relatively	O
new	O
type	O
of	O
lens	O
coating	O
that	O
originated	O
in	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
's	O
semiconductor	O
division	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NIC	O
—	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
Integrated	O
Coating	O
,	O
a	O
proprietary	O
multicoating	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
UV	O
—	O
Lenses	O
designed	O
for	O
imaging	O
ultraviolet	B-Application
light	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uses	O
a	O
moving	O
optical	O
group	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
photographic	O
effects	O
of	O
camera	B-Algorithm
shake	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DX	O
—	O
Lens	O
designed	O
for	O
the	O
smaller	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
DX	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vignetting	O
may	O
occur	O
if	O
used	O
on	O
a	O
35mm	O
format	O
or	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
FX	I-Algorithm
format	O
camera	B-Algorithm
in	O
full-frame	O
mode	O
,	O
although	O
some	O
DX	O
lenses	O
cover	O
the	O
full	O
135	O
frame	O
at	O
longer	O
focal	O
lengths	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IX	O
—	O
Lenses	O
designed	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
the	O
now-defunct	O
Pronea	O
APS	O
SLR	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Series	O
E	O
—	O
A	O
line	O
of	O
eight	O
lower-cost	O
lenses	O
manufactured	O
during	O
the	O
1980s	O
for	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
's	O
amateur	O
SLRs	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
None	O
of	O
this	O
family	O
of	O
lenses	O
were	O
branded	O
Nikkor	O
,	O
instead	O
carrying	O
the	O
text	O
"	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
Lens	O
Series	O
E.	O
"	O
Not	O
to	O
be	O
confused	O
with	O
E	O
-	O
type	O
autofocus	O
and	O
electromagnetic	O
diaphragm	O
lenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bellows	B-Algorithm
—	O
Lens	O
designed	O
exclusively	O
for	O
use	O
on	O
a	O
bellows	B-Algorithm
unit	O
,	O
primarily	O
for	O
macro	O
photography	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
some	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
bellows	B-Algorithm
allow	O
for	O
a	O
front	O
rise	O
,	O
they	O
allow	O
a	O
limited	O
variety	O
of	O
lenses	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
similarly	O
to	O
a	O
PC	O
lens	O
(	O
see	O
Optical	O
design	O
above	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Produced	O
for	O
Nikonos	B-Algorithm
system	O
,	O
featuring	O
a	O
Nikonos	B-Algorithm
lens	B-Algorithm
mount	I-Algorithm
,	O
waterproof	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
designed	O
for	O
underwater	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specialty	O
low-light	O
lens	O
designed	O
for	O
maximum	O
sharpness	O
at	O
the	O
widest	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
setting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Produced	O
for	O
the	O
Nikonos	B-Algorithm
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nikon	B-Algorithm
PC	O
lenses	O
,	O
like	O
other	O
perspective	O
control	O
lenses	O
,	O
offer	O
adjustments	O
that	O
duplicate	O
certain	O
view	O
camera	B-Algorithm
movements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
28mm	O
and	O
35mm	O
PC	O
lenses	O
support	O
shifting	O
the	O
lens	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
the	O
film	O
or	O
sensor	O
plane	O
,	O
while	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
's	O
19mm	O
,	O
24mm	O
,	O
45mm	O
,	O
and	O
85mm	O
PC-E	O
lenses	O
also	O
support	O
tilting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nikon	B-Algorithm
currently	O
offers	O
four	O
different	O
PC	O
lenses	O
for	O
sale	O
:	O
the	O
four	O
PC-E	O
Nikkors	O
(	O
2008	O
and	O
2016	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
85mm	O
PC-Nikkor	O
(	O
1999	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PC-E	O
lenses	O
(	O
the	O
"	O
E	O
"	O
designates	O
an	O
electromagnetic	O
diaphragm	O
)	O
offer	O
automatic	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
control	O
with	O
all	O
DSLRs	B-Device
with	O
CMOS	B-Architecture
image	I-Architecture
sensor	I-Architecture
except	O
the	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
D90	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
earlier	O
DSLRs	B-Device
and	O
all	O
"	O
analog	O
"	O
film	O
camera	B-Algorithm
models	O
,	O
a	O
PC-E	O
lens	O
operates	O
like	O
a	O
PC	O
lens	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PC	O
Micro-Nikkor	O
85mm	O
2.8D	O
lens	O
offers	O
only	O
preset	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
control	O
,	O
actuated	O
mechanically	O
by	O
pressing	O
a	O
plunger	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
1962	O
,	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
released	O
the	O
first	O
interchangeable	O
perspective-control	O
lens	O
available	O
for	O
a	O
single-lens	B-Algorithm
reflex	I-Algorithm
camera	I-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
35mm	O
3.5	O
PC-Nikkor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
followed	O
in	O
1968	O
by	O
a	O
redesigned	O
35mm	O
2.8	O
PC-Nikkor	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
shifting	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
lens	O
was	O
further	O
from	O
the	O
camera	B-Algorithm
's	O
body	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
clear	O
the	O
new	O
"	O
Photomic	O
"	O
meters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
35mm	O
PC-Nikkor	O
did	O
not	O
meet	O
the	O
need	O
of	O
photographers	O
for	O
a	O
wider-angle	O
lens	O
,	O
so	O
in	O
July	O
1975	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
released	O
the	O
28mm	O
4	O
PC-Nikkor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
1981	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
released	O
an	O
improved	O
version	O
of	O
this	O
lens	O
,	O
the	O
28mm	O
3.5	O
PC-Nikkor	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
optical	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lens	O
Intro	O
Aperture	B-General_Concept
Range	O
Elements/	O
Groups	O
Closest	O
Focus	O
Stop-Down	O
Rotation	O
/	O
Click	O
Stops	O
Max	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
lenses	O
are	O
needed	O
for	O
autofocus	O
on	O
certain	O
newer	O
low-end	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
cameras	O
which	O
lack	O
an	O
autofocus	O
motor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
are	O
the	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
D40	I-Algorithm
,	O
D40X	B-Algorithm
,	O
D60	B-Algorithm
,	O
D3xxx	O
(	O
most	O
recent	O
:	O
D3400	B-Algorithm
)	O
,	O
D5xxx	O
(	O
most	O
recent	O
:	O
D5600	B-Algorithm
)	O
and	O
the	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
1	I-Algorithm
series	I-Algorithm
with	O
FT1	O
adapter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zeiss	O
ZF	O
series	O
lenses	O
are	O
manual-focus	O
designs	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
AI-S	O
type	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
indexing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ZF.2	O
lenses	O
are	O
CPU-enabled	O
(	O
similar	O
to	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
AI-P	O
lenses	O
)	O
offering	O
full	O
metering	O
compatibility	O
with	O
the	O
full	O
range	O
of	O
AF	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
SLR	B-Algorithm
cameras	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
ZF-I	O
lenses	O
add	O
mechanical	O
locks	O
for	O
focus	O
and	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
additional	O
environmental	O
sealing	O
,	O
for	O
industrial	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CP.2	O
lenses	O
are	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
Zeiss	O
"	O
CompactPrime	O
"	O
cinema	O
lenses	O
which	O
present	O
F-mount	B-Architecture
as	O
one	O
of	O
three	O
mounting	O
options	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
lenses	O
cover	O
the	O
36×24mm	O
area	O
of	O
the	O
35mm	O
format	O
or	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
FX	I-Algorithm
format	O
,	O
and	O
lenses	O
28mm	O
and	O
longer	O
share	O
a	O
common	O
T-stop	O
(	O
T/	O
)	O
of	O
2.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nikon	B-Algorithm
"	O
F	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
N	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
D	O
"	O
series	O
SLR	B-Algorithm
cameras	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nikkormat	B-Algorithm
(	O
Nikomat	B-Algorithm
in	O
Japan	O
)	O
"	O
F	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
EL	O
"	O
series	O
SLR	B-Algorithm
cameras	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fujifilm	O
SLRs	B-Algorithm
based	O
on	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
bodies	O
,	O
including	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Kodak	O
SLRs	B-Algorithm
DCS	B-Device
series	I-Device
based	O
on	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
bodies	O
,	O
including	O
:	O
</s>
