<s>
Nextcloud	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
suite	O
of	O
client-server	B-Operating_System
software	I-Operating_System
for	O
creating	O
and	O
using	O
file	B-Application
hosting	I-Application
services	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nextcloud	B-General_Concept
provides	O
functionality	O
similar	O
to	O
Dropbox	B-Application
,	O
Office	B-Operating_System
365	I-Operating_System
or	O
Google	B-Application
Drive	I-Application
when	O
used	O
with	O
integrated	O
office	O
suites	O
Collabora	B-General_Concept
Online	I-General_Concept
or	O
OnlyOffice	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
scalable	O
from	O
home	O
office	O
software	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
low	O
cost	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
all	O
the	O
way	O
through	O
to	O
full	O
sized	O
data	B-Operating_System
centers	I-Operating_System
that	O
support	O
millions	O
of	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Translations	O
in	O
60	O
languages	O
exist	O
for	O
web	O
interface	O
and	O
client	B-Protocol
applications	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nextcloud	B-General_Concept
files	O
are	O
stored	O
in	O
conventional	O
directory	O
structures	O
,	O
accessible	O
via	O
WebDAV	B-Protocol
if	O
necessary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
SQLite	B-Language
,	O
MySQL	B-Application
or	O
PostgreSQL	B-Application
database	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
provide	O
additional	O
functionality	O
like	O
permissions	O
,	O
shares	O
,	O
and	O
comments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nextcloud	B-General_Concept
can	O
synchronize	O
with	O
local	O
clients	B-Protocol
running	O
Windows	B-Application
(	O
Windows	B-Application
7	O
,	O
8	O
,	O
and	O
10	O
)	O
,	O
macOS	B-Application
(	O
10.6	O
or	O
later	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
various	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nextcloud	B-General_Concept
permits	O
user	O
and	O
group	O
administration	O
locally	O
or	O
via	O
different	O
Backends	B-Architecture
like	O
OpenID	O
or	O
LDAP	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nextcloud	B-General_Concept
users	O
can	O
create	O
public	O
URLs	O
when	O
sharing	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Logging	B-Application
of	O
file-related	O
actions	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
disallowing	O
access	O
based	O
on	O
file	O
access	O
rules	O
is	O
also	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Security	O
options	O
like	O
Multi-factor	O
authentication	O
using	O
TOTP	B-Algorithm
,	O
WebAuthn	O
,	O
Oauth2	O
,	O
OpenID	O
Connect	O
,	O
Brute-force	O
protectionexist	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nextcloud	B-General_Concept
has	O
planned	O
new	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
monitoring	B-Protocol
capabilities	O
,	O
full-text	B-Application
search	I-Application
and	O
Kerberos	B-Protocol
authentication	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
audio/video	O
conferencing	O
,	O
expanded	O
federation	O
and	O
smaller	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
improvements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2016	O
,	O
Nextcloud	B-General_Concept
,	O
in	O
cooperation	O
with	O
Western	O
Digital	O
Labs	O
and	O
Canonical	O
(	O
the	O
company	O
behind	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
released	O
the	O
Nextcloud	B-General_Concept
Box	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Nextcloud	B-General_Concept
box	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
,	O
running	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
Core	O
with	O
Snappy	B-Application
;	O
it	O
was	O
intended	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
reference	O
device	O
for	O
other	O
vendors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2016	O
Frank	B-Language
Karlitschek	I-Language
and	O
most	O
core	O
contributors	O
left	O
ownCloud	B-Language
Inc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
included	O
some	O
of	O
ownCloud	B-Language
's	O
staff	O
according	O
to	O
sources	O
near	O
to	O
the	O
ownCloud	B-Language
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Who	O
owns	O
ownCloud	B-Language
itself	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
2	O
,	O
within	O
12	O
hours	O
of	O
the	O
announcement	O
of	O
the	O
fork	O
,	O
the	O
American	O
entity	O
"	O
ownCloud	B-Language
Inc.	O
"	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
shutting	O
down	O
with	O
immediate	O
effect	O
,	O
stating	O
that	O
"[…]	O
main	O
lenders	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
have	O
cancelled	O
our	O
credit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
American	O
law	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
forced	O
to	O
close	O
the	O
doors	O
of	O
ownCloud	B-Language
,	I-Language
Inc	I-Language
.	I-Language
with	O
immediate	O
effect	O
and	O
terminate	O
the	O
contracts	O
of	O
8	O
employees.	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ownCloud	B-Language
Inc	O
.	O
accused	O
Karlitschek	O
of	O
poaching	O
developers	O
,	O
while	O
Nextcloud	B-General_Concept
developers	O
such	O
as	O
Arthur	O
Schiwon	O
stated	O
that	O
he	O
"	O
decided	O
to	O
quit	O
because	O
not	O
everything	O
in	O
the	O
ownCloud	B-Language
Inc	O
.	O
company	O
world	O
evolved	O
as	O
I	O
imagined	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ownCloud	B-Language
GmbH	O
continued	O
operations	O
,	O
secured	O
financing	O
from	O
new	O
investors	O
and	O
took	O
over	O
the	O
business	O
of	O
ownCloud	B-Language
Inc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2018	O
Informationstechnikzentrum	O
Bund	O
(	O
ITZBund	O
)	O
reported	O
Nextcloud	B-General_Concept
wins	O
the	O
tender	O
for	O
"	O
Bundescloud	O
"	O
(	O
Germany	O
government	O
cloud	O
)	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2019	O
was	O
released	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
government	O
of	O
France	O
,	O
Sweden	O
and	O
Netherlands	O
will	O
use	O
Nextcloud	B-General_Concept
for	O
file	O
transfer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2020	O
Nextcloud	B-General_Concept
18	O
"	O
Nextcloud	B-General_Concept
Hub	O
"	O
was	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
major	O
change	O
was	O
direct	O
integration	O
of	O
an	O
Office	O
suite	O
(	O
OnlyOffice	B-Application
)	O
and	O
Nextcloud	B-General_Concept
claimed	O
the	O
goal	O
to	O
compete	O
with	O
Office	B-Operating_System
365	I-Operating_System
and	O
Google	B-Application
Docs	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
spring	O
2020	O
remote	O
work	O
and	O
web	B-Protocol
conferencing	I-Protocol
usage	O
raised	O
due	O
to	O
COVID-19	O
pandemic	O
and	O
Nextcloud	B-General_Concept
released	O
version	O
19	O
with	O
chat	O
and	O
videoconferencing	B-Application
Talk	O
app	O
integrated	O
into	O
the	O
application	O
core	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Talk	O
with	O
an	O
optional	O
"	O
high	O
performance	O
back-end	B-Architecture
"	O
allows	O
self-hosting	O
of	O
web	B-Protocol
conferences	I-Protocol
with	O
more	O
than	O
10	O
participants	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Collabora	B-General_Concept
Online	I-General_Concept
was	O
introduced	O
as	O
another	O
integrated	O
office	O
suite	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2021	O
Nextcloud	B-General_Concept
was	O
chosen	O
as	O
collaboration	O
platform	O
for	O
European	O
cloud	O
software	O
GAIA-X	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Sep	O
2021	O
Nextcloud	B-General_Concept
is	O
mentioned	O
as	O
"	O
success	O
case	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
most	O
widely	O
deployed	O
Open	O
Source	O
content	O
collaboration	O
platform	O
"	O
in	O
an	O
"	O
Open	O
Source	O
Study	O
"	O
of	O
European	O
Commission	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
25	O
April	O
to	O
10	O
May	O
2022	O
"	O
Open	O
Source	O
Programme	O
Office	O
"	O
at	O
the	O
European	O
Commission	O
organizes	O
NextGov	O
Hackathon	O
and	O
awards	O
up	O
to	O
5000	O
EUR	O
for	O
improvements	O
to	O
Nextcloud	B-General_Concept
apps	O
and	O
security	O
.	O
</s>
