<s>
Next.js	B-Language
is	O
an	O
open-source	B-License
web	B-Application
development	I-Application
framework	I-Application
created	O
by	O
the	O
private	O
company	O
Vercel	B-General_Concept
providing	O
React-based	O
web	O
applications	O
with	O
server-side	B-Language
rendering	I-Language
and	O
static	O
website	O
generation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
React	B-Application
documentation	O
mentions	O
Next.js	B-Language
among	O
"	O
Recommended	O
Toolchains	O
"	O
advising	O
it	O
to	O
developers	O
when	O
"	O
building	O
a	O
server-rendered	O
website	O
with	O
Node.js	B-Language
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Where	O
traditional	O
React	B-Application
apps	O
can	O
only	O
render	O
their	O
content	O
in	O
the	O
client-side	O
browser	O
,	O
Next.js	B-Language
extends	O
this	O
functionality	O
to	O
include	O
applications	O
rendered	O
on	O
the	O
server-side	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
copyright	O
and	O
trademarks	O
for	O
Next.js	B-Language
are	O
owned	O
by	O
Vercel	B-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
also	O
maintains	O
and	O
leads	O
its	O
open-source	B-License
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Next.js	B-Language
is	O
a	O
React	B-Application
framework	O
that	O
enables	O
several	O
extra	O
features	O
,	O
including	O
server-side	B-Language
rendering	I-Language
and	O
generating	O
static	O
websites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
React	B-Application
is	O
a	O
JavaScript	B-Language
library	I-Language
that	O
is	O
traditionally	O
used	O
to	O
build	O
web	O
applications	O
rendered	O
in	O
the	O
client	O
's	O
browser	O
with	O
JavaScript	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developers	O
recognize	O
several	O
problems	O
with	O
this	O
strategy	O
however	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
not	O
catering	O
to	O
users	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
access	O
to	O
JavaScript	B-Language
or	O
have	O
disabled	O
it	O
,	O
potential	O
security	O
issues	O
,	O
significantly	O
extended	O
page	O
loading	O
times	O
,	O
and	O
harm	O
to	O
the	O
site	O
's	O
overall	O
search	O
engine	O
optimization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Frameworks	O
such	O
as	O
Next.js	B-Language
sidestep	O
these	O
problems	O
by	O
allowing	O
some	O
or	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
website	O
to	O
be	O
rendered	O
on	O
the	O
server-side	O
before	O
being	O
sent	O
to	O
the	O
client	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Next.js	B-Language
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
frameworks	O
for	O
React	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Next.js	B-Language
requires	O
Node.js	B-Language
and	O
can	O
be	O
initialized	O
using	O
Node	B-Language
Package	I-Language
Manager	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	O
has	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
Next.js	B-Language
project	O
,	O
including	O
43	O
pull	O
requests	O
in	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
March	O
2022	O
,	O
the	O
framework	O
is	O
used	O
by	O
many	O
large	O
websites	O
,	O
including	O
Walmart	O
,	O
Apple	O
,	O
Nike	O
,	O
Netflix	O
,	O
TikTok	B-Application
,	O
Uber	B-Application
,	O
Lyft	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Starbucks	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
2020	O
,	O
Vercel	B-General_Concept
secured	O
twenty-one	O
million	O
dollars	O
in	O
Series	O
A	O
funding	O
to	O
support	O
improvements	O
to	O
the	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
framework	O
's	O
original	O
author	O
,	O
Guillermo	B-General_Concept
Rauch	I-General_Concept
,	O
is	O
currently	O
the	O
CEO	O
of	O
Vercel	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
lead	O
maintainer	O
is	O
Tim	O
Neutkens	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Next.js	B-Language
was	O
first	O
released	O
as	O
an	O
open-source	B-License
project	O
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
on	O
October	O
25	O
,	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
based	O
on	O
six	O
principles	O
:	O
out-of-the-box	O
functionality	O
requiring	O
no	O
setup	O
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
everywhere	O
,	O
all	O
functions	O
are	O
written	O
in	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
automatic	O
code-splitting	O
and	O
server-rendering	O
,	O
configurable	O
data-fetching	O
,	O
anticipating	O
requests	O
,	O
and	O
simplifying	O
deployment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Next.js	B-Language
2.0	O
was	O
announced	O
in	O
March	O
2017	O
including	O
several	O
improvements	O
that	O
made	O
it	O
easier	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
small	O
websites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
7.0	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
September	O
2018	O
with	O
improved	O
error	O
handling	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
React	B-Application
's	O
context	O
API	O
for	O
improved	O
dynamic	O
route	O
handling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
also	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
to	O
upgrade	O
to	O
webpack	B-Language
4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
8.0	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
February	O
2019	O
and	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
to	O
offer	O
serverless	O
deployment	O
of	O
applications	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
code	O
is	O
split	O
up	O
into	O
lambda	B-General_Concept
functions	I-General_Concept
that	O
are	O
run	O
on	O
demand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
9.3	O
,	O
announced	O
in	O
March	O
2020	O
,	O
included	O
various	O
optimizations	O
and	O
global	O
Sass	B-Language
and	O
CSS	B-Language
module	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
July	O
27	O
,	O
2020	O
Next.js	B-Language
version	O
9.5	O
was	O
announced	O
,	O
adding	O
new	O
capabilities	O
including	O
incremental	O
static	O
regeneration	O
,	O
rewrites	O
,	O
and	O
redirect	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
15	O
,	O
2021	O
Next.js	B-Language
version	O
11	O
was	O
released	O
,	O
introducing	O
among	O
others	O
:	O
Webpack	B-Language
5	O
support	O
,	O
preview	O
of	O
real-time	O
collaborative	O
coding	O
functionality	O
"	O
Next.js	B-Language
Live	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
experimental	O
function	O
of	O
automatic	O
conversion	O
from	O
Create	O
React	B-Application
App	O
to	O
Next.js	B-Language
compatible	O
form	O
"	O
Create	O
React	B-Application
App	O
Migration	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
26	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
Next.js	B-Language
12	O
was	O
released	O
,	O
adding	O
a	O
Rust	B-Application
compiler	O
,	O
making	O
the	O
compilation	O
faster	O
,	O
AVIF	O
support	O
,	O
Edge	O
Functions	O
&	O
Middleware	O
,	O
and	O
Native	O
ESM	O
&	O
URL	O
Imports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
26	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
Vercel	B-General_Concept
released	O
Next.js	B-Language
13	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
major	O
release	O
brought	O
about	O
a	O
new	O
routing	O
pattern	O
with	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
the	O
app	O
directory	O
that	O
includes	O
support	O
for	O
layouts	O
,	O
React	B-Application
server	O
components	O
,	O
streaming	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
set	O
of	O
data	O
fetching	O
methods	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Furthermore	O
,	O
Vercel	B-General_Concept
announced	O
a	O
next-generation	O
Blazingly	O
Fast™	O
toolchain	O
for	O
front	O
end	O
development	O
called	O
Turbo	O
,	O
written	O
in	O
Rust	B-Application
consisting	O
of	O
three	O
parts	O
:	O
Turbopack	O
(	O
successor	O
to	O
Webpack	B-Language
)	O
,	O
Turborepo	O
(	O
incremental	O
build	O
system	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Turbo	O
engine	O
(	O
Blazingly	O
Fast™	O
low-level	O
incremental	O
computation	O
and	O
memoization	O
engine	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
major	O
release	O
also	O
includes	O
many	O
additional	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
Next.js	B-Language
API	O
,	O
but	O
most	O
notably	O
an	O
introduction	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
@next	O
/font	O
library	O
,	O
changes	O
to	O
next/image	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
enhancement	O
to	O
next/link	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Next.js	B-Language
supports	O
styling	O
with	O
CSS	B-Language
as	O
well	O
as	O
precompiled	O
Scss	B-Language
and	O
Sass	B-Language
,	O
CSS-in-JS	B-Language
,	O
and	O
styled	B-Language
JSX	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
built	O
with	O
TypeScript	B-Language
support	O
and	O
smart	O
bundling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
open-source	B-License
transpiler	B-Language
Babel	B-Language
is	O
used	O
to	O
transform	O
and	O
compile	O
code	O
into	O
JavaScript	B-Language
usable	O
by	O
a	O
browser	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Webpack	B-Language
,	O
another	O
open-source	B-License
tool	O
,	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
bundle	O
the	O
modules	O
afterward	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
of	O
these	O
tools	O
are	O
used	O
with	O
npm	B-Language
in	O
a	O
terminal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
feature	O
of	O
Next.js	B-Language
is	O
its	O
use	O
of	O
server-side	B-Language
rendering	I-Language
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
burden	O
on	O
web	O
browsers	O
and	O
provide	O
enhanced	O
security	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
can	O
be	O
done	O
for	O
any	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
application	O
or	O
the	O
entire	O
project	O
,	O
allowing	O
for	O
content-rich	O
pages	O
to	O
be	O
singled	O
out	O
for	O
server-side	B-Language
rendering	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Next.js	B-Language
also	O
supports	O
Incremental	O
Static	O
Regeneration	O
and	O
static	O
site	O
generation	O
-	O
a	O
compiled	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
website	O
is	O
usually	O
built	O
during	O
build	O
time	O
and	O
saved	O
as	O
a	O
.next	O
folder	O
.	O
</s>
