<s>
Newzbin	B-Application
was	O
a	O
British	O
Usenet	B-Application
indexing	O
website	O
,	O
intended	O
to	O
facilitate	O
access	O
to	O
content	O
on	O
Usenet	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Access	O
to	O
the	O
Newzbin.com	B-Application
website	O
was	O
blocked	O
by	O
BT	O
and	O
Sky	O
in	O
late	O
2011	O
,	O
following	O
legal	O
action	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
by	O
Hollywood	O
film	O
studios	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Newzbin	B-Application
indexed	O
binary	O
files	O
that	O
had	O
been	O
posted	O
on	O
Usenet	B-Application
,	O
and	O
offered	O
the	O
results	O
through	O
a	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
,	O
with	O
categories	O
that	O
included	O
"	O
Movies	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
Music	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
Apps	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
Books	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
site	O
created	O
NZB	B-Application
files	I-Application
,	O
which	O
allowed	O
the	O
files	O
to	O
be	O
downloaded	O
with	O
a	O
suitable	O
newsreader	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
NZB	B-Application
files	I-Application
are	O
similar	O
to	O
torrent	O
files	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
contain	O
the	O
file	O
itself	O
,	O
but	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
location	O
of	O
the	O
file	O
to	O
be	O
downloaded	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
search	B-Application
results	I-Application
could	O
be	O
browsed	O
free	O
of	O
charge	O
after	O
creating	O
a	O
user	O
account	O
,	O
but	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
NZB	B-Application
files	I-Application
was	O
restricted	O
to	O
premium	O
members	O
who	O
paid	O
a	O
subscription	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
and	O
March	O
2010	O
,	O
Twentieth	O
Century	O
Fox	O
Film	O
Corporation	O
,	O
Universal	B-Application
City	I-Application
Studios	I-Application
Productions	I-Application
LLLP	I-Application
,	O
Warner	O
Bros	O
.	O
Entertainment	O
Inc.	O
,	O
Paramount	O
Pictures	O
Corporation	O
,	O
Disney	O
Enterprises	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
and	O
Columbia	O
Pictures	O
Industries	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
took	O
joint	O
legal	O
action	O
against	O
Newzbin	B-Application
in	O
the	O
High	O
Court	O
in	O
London	O
,	O
arguing	O
that	O
the	O
site	O
was	O
encouraging	O
widespread	O
copyright	O
infringement	O
by	O
indexing	O
unofficial	O
copies	O
of	O
films	O
on	O
Usenet	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2010	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Justice	O
Kitchin	O
ruled	O
that	O
Newzbin	B-Application
was	O
deliberately	O
indexing	O
copyrighted	O
content	O
,	O
observing	O
that	O
Newzbin	B-Application
had	O
a	O
"	O
sophisticated	O
and	O
substantial	O
infrastructure	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
of	O
700,000	O
members	O
,	O
though	O
not	O
all	O
premium	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
"	O
for	O
the	O
year	O
ended	O
31	O
December	O
2009	O
,	O
it	O
had	O
a	O
turnover	O
in	O
excess	O
of	O
£1million	O
,	O
a	O
profit	O
in	O
excess	O
of	O
£	O
360,000	O
and	O
paid	O
dividends	O
on	O
ordinary	O
shares	O
of	O
£	O
415,000	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chris	O
Elsworth	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
operator	O
of	O
Newzbin	B-Application
,	O
had	O
said	O
repeatedly	O
during	O
the	O
case	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
no	O
knowledge	O
of	O
infringement	O
occurring	O
on	O
the	O
service	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
Newzbin	B-Application
's	O
categories	O
for	O
"	O
CAM	O
,	O
"	O
"	O
screener	B-Application
,	O
"	O
"	O
telesync	B-Application
,	O
"	O
"	O
DVD	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
R5	O
retail	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
Blu-ray	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
"	O
did	O
not	O
suggest	O
any	O
evidence	O
of	O
infringement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
18	O
May	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
Newzbin.com	B-Application
site	O
was	O
temporarily	O
shut	O
down	O
,	O
displaying	O
the	O
message	O
"	O
Regrettably	O
the	O
Newzbin	B-Application
website	O
has	O
to	O
close	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
legal	O
action	O
against	O
us.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2	O
June	O
2010	O
,	O
Newzbin	B-Application
was	O
back	O
online	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
Newzbin2	B-Application
,	O
but	O
using	O
the	O
same	O
code	O
and	O
database	O
as	O
its	O
predecessor	O
,	O
and	O
hosted	O
in	O
the	O
Seychelles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
Motion	O
Picture	O
Association	O
applied	O
for	O
an	O
injunction	O
to	O
force	O
BT	O
,	O
the	O
largest	O
Internet	O
service	O
provider	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
,	O
to	O
cut	O
off	O
customers	O
 '	O
access	O
to	O
Newzbin	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
28	O
July	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
High	O
Court	O
ruled	O
that	O
BT	O
had	O
to	O
block	O
access	O
to	O
Newzbin	B-Application
,	O
using	O
Cleanfeed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2011	O
,	O
Newzbin	B-Application
released	O
client	B-Protocol
software	I-Protocol
which	O
aimed	O
to	O
circumvent	O
the	O
BT	O
blocking	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
26	O
October	O
2011	O
at	O
the	O
High	O
Court	O
,	O
Mr.	O
Justice	O
Arnold	O
ordered	O
BT	O
to	O
block	O
its	O
estimated	O
six	O
million	O
customers	O
 '	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
website	O
Newzbin2	B-Application
within	O
fourteen	O
days	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
ruling	O
of	O
its	O
kind	O
under	O
UK	O
copyright	O
law	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Attempts	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
site	O
from	O
a	O
BT	O
IP	B-Protocol
address	I-Protocol
were	O
met	O
by	O
the	O
message	O
"	O
Error	O
-	O
site	O
blocked	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Newzbin	B-Application
claimed	O
that	O
the	O
block	O
was	O
ineffective	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
93.5	O
%	O
of	O
its	O
active	O
UK	O
users	O
had	O
downloaded	O
its	O
workaround	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
study	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
workaround	O
involved	O
encryption	O
to	O
hide	O
communication	O
between	O
users	O
and	O
Newzbin2	B-Application
,	O
including	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Tor	B-Application
network	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sky	O
blocked	O
access	O
to	O
Newzbin	B-Application
,	O
stating	O
:	O
"	O
We	O
have	O
received	O
a	O
court	O
order	O
requiring	O
us	O
to	O
block	O
access	O
to	O
this	O
illegal	O
website	O
,	O
which	O
we	O
did	O
on	O
13th	O
December	O
,	O
2011.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
26	O
January	O
2012	O
,	O
barrister	O
David	O
Harris	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
represented	O
Newzbin	B-Application
during	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
2010	O
High	O
Court	O
case	O
,	O
was	O
disbarred	O
after	O
it	O
emerged	O
that	O
100%	O
of	O
the	O
site	O
's	O
issued	O
share	O
capital	O
was	O
held	O
in	O
his	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
was	O
also	O
fined	O
£	O
2,500	O
after	O
tweeting	B-Application
as	O
"	O
@Geeklawyer	O
"	O
,	O
describing	O
opposing	O
lawyers	O
with	O
the	O
words	O
"	O
slimebags	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
prick	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2012	O
,	O
the	O
Newzbin.com	B-Application
domain	O
closed	O
down	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
site	O
moved	O
to	O
Newzbin2.es	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
28	O
November	O
2012	O
,	O
Newzbin2.es	O
announced	O
the	O
closure	O
of	O
its	O
indexing	O
service	O
,	O
displaying	O
to	O
visitors	O
the	O
following	O
text	O
on	O
its	O
main	O
page	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
20	O
December	O
2012	O
at	O
the	O
High	O
Court	O
in	O
London	O
,	O
Mr	O
Justice	O
Newey	O
ruled	O
that	O
the	O
film	O
studios	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
legal	O
action	O
against	O
Newzbin	B-Application
did	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
proprietary	O
claim	O
to	O
money	O
derived	O
from	O
infringement	O
of	O
copyright	O
.	O
</s>
