<s>
Newton	B-Device
OS	I-Device
is	O
a	O
discontinued	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
for	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
Newton	I-Device
PDAs	O
produced	O
by	O
Apple	O
Computer	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
between	O
1993	O
and	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
written	O
entirely	O
in	O
C++	B-Language
and	O
trimmed	O
to	O
be	O
low	O
power	O
consuming	O
and	O
use	O
the	O
available	O
memory	O
efficiently	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
applications	O
were	O
pre-installed	O
in	O
the	O
ROM	B-Device
of	O
the	O
Newton	B-Device
(	O
making	O
for	O
quick	O
start-up	O
)	O
to	O
save	O
on	O
RAM	B-Architecture
and	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
storage	O
for	O
user	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Newton	B-Device
OS	I-Device
features	O
many	O
interface	O
elements	O
that	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Application
system	I-Application
software	I-Application
did	O
n't	O
have	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
drawers	O
and	O
the	O
"	O
poof	O
"	O
animation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
animation	O
similar	O
to	O
this	O
is	O
found	O
in	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
Newton	B-Device
's	O
handwriting	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
system	I-Application
have	O
been	O
implemented	O
as	O
Inkwell	B-Application
in	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sound	O
responsive	O
—	O
Clicking	O
menus	O
and	O
icons	O
makes	O
a	O
sound	O
;	O
this	O
feature	O
was	O
later	O
introduced	O
in	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
8	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Icons	O
-	O
Similar	O
to	O
the	O
Macintosh	O
Desktop	O
metaphor	O
,	O
Newton	B-Device
OS	I-Device
uses	O
icons	O
to	O
open	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tabbed	O
documents	O
—	O
Similar	O
to	O
tabbed	O
browsing	O
in	O
today	O
's	O
browsers	O
and	O
Apple	O
's	O
At	B-Operating_System
Ease	I-Operating_System
interface	O
,	O
documents	O
titles	O
appear	O
in	O
a	O
small	O
tab	O
at	O
the	O
top	O
right	O
hand	O
of	O
the	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Screen	O
rotation	O
—	O
In	O
Newton	B-Device
2.0	O
,	O
the	O
screen	O
can	O
be	O
rotated	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
drawing	O
or	O
word	O
processing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Print	O
documents	O
—	O
Documents	O
on	O
the	O
Newton	B-Device
can	O
be	O
printed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Send	O
documents	O
—	O
Documents	O
can	O
be	O
sent	O
to	O
another	O
Newton	B-Device
via	O
Infrared	O
technology	O
or	O
sent	O
using	O
the	O
Internet	O
by	O
E-Mail	O
,	O
or	O
faxed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Menus	O
—	O
Similar	O
to	O
menus	O
seen	O
in	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
,	O
but	O
menu	O
titles	O
are	O
instead	O
presented	O
at	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	O
screen	O
in	O
small	O
rectangles	O
,	O
making	O
them	O
similar	O
to	O
buttons	O
with	O
attached	O
"	O
pop-up	O
"	O
menus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
Newton	B-Device
are	O
best	O
appreciated	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
Pen	O
computing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shortly	O
after	O
the	O
Newton	B-Device
PDA	I-Device
's	O
release	O
in	O
1993	O
,	O
developers	O
were	O
not	O
paying	O
much	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
Newton	B-Device
OS	I-Device
API	O
and	O
were	O
still	O
more	O
interested	O
in	O
developing	O
for	O
the	O
Macintosh	O
and	O
Windows	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
not	O
until	O
two	O
years	O
later	O
that	O
developers	O
saw	O
a	O
potential	O
market	O
available	O
to	O
them	O
in	O
creating	O
software	O
for	O
Newton	B-Device
OS	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
programs	O
were	O
made	O
by	O
third-party	O
developers	O
,	O
including	O
software	O
to	O
enhance	O
the	O
disappointing	O
hand	O
writing	O
recognition	O
technology	O
of	O
Newton	B-Device
OS	I-Device
1.x	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
basic	O
software	O
that	O
came	O
with	O
Newton	B-Device
OS	I-Device
:	O
</s>
<s>
Notes	O
—	O
Used	O
for	O
checklists	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
both	O
drawing	O
and	O
writing	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
program	O
either	O
with	O
a	O
newton	B-Device
keyboard	O
or	O
a	O
stylus	O
pen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Formulas	O
—	O
Program	O
that	O
offers	O
metric	O
conversions	O
,	O
currency	O
conversions	O
,	O
loan	O
and	O
mortgage	B-Application
calculators	I-Application
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Newton	B-Device
clock	O
also	O
includes	O
features	O
for	O
an	O
alarm	O
,	O
minute	O
timer	O
and	O
the	O
date	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Newton	B-Device
uses	O
the	O
CalliGrapher	O
word-based	O
handwriting	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
engine	O
developed	O
by	O
ParaGraph	O
International	O
Inc	O
,	O
led	O
by	O
former	O
Soviet	O
scientist	O
Stepan	O
Pachikov	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Newton	B-Device
PDAs	I-Device
based	O
upon	O
version	O
2.0	O
of	O
the	O
OS	O
,	O
the	O
handwriting	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
substantially	O
improved	O
,	O
partially	O
being	O
a	O
product	O
of	O
ParaGraph	O
and	O
an	O
Apple-created	O
recognizer	O
pair	O
:	O
Apple	O
's	O
Rosetta	O
and	O
Mondello	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Newton	B-Device
's	O
handwriting	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
,	O
particularly	O
the	O
print	O
recognizer	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
considered	O
by	O
many	O
reviewers	O
,	O
testers	O
,	O
and	O
users	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
best	O
in	O
the	O
industry	O
,	O
even	O
10	O
years	O
after	O
it	O
was	O
introduced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Apple	O
's	O
Advanced	O
Technology	O
Group	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
described	O
in	O
2012	O
as	O
"	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
first	O
genuinely	O
usable	O
handwriting	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
system	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Newton	B-Device
can	O
recognize	O
hand-printed	O
text	O
,	O
cursive	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
mix	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
also	O
accept	O
free-hand	O
"	O
Sketches	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
Shapes	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
ink	B-Application
text	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
"	O
Shapes	O
"	O
,	O
Newton	B-Device
can	O
recognize	O
that	O
the	O
user	O
was	O
attempting	O
to	O
draw	O
a	O
circle	O
,	O
a	O
line	O
,	O
a	O
polygon	B-General_Concept
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
cleans	O
them	O
up	O
into	O
"	O
perfect	O
"	O
vector	O
representations	O
(	O
with	O
modifiable	O
control	O
points	O
and	O
defined	O
vertices	O
)	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
user	O
is	O
attempting	O
to	O
draw	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Shapes	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
Sketches	O
"	O
can	O
be	O
scaled	B-Algorithm
or	O
deformed	O
once	O
drawn	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Ink	B-Application
text	O
"	O
captures	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
free-hand	O
writing	O
but	O
allows	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
treated	O
somewhat	O
like	O
recognized	B-Application
text	I-Application
when	O
manipulating	O
for	O
later	O
editing	O
purposes	O
(	O
"	O
ink	B-Application
text	O
"	O
supported	O
word	B-Algorithm
wrap	I-Algorithm
,	O
could	O
be	O
formatted	O
to	O
be	O
bold	O
,	O
italic	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
any	O
time	O
a	O
user	O
can	O
also	O
direct	O
the	O
Newton	B-Device
to	O
recognize	O
selected	O
"	O
ink	B-Application
text	O
"	O
and	O
turn	O
it	O
into	O
recognized	B-Application
text	I-Application
(	O
deferred	O
recognition	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Newton	B-Device
Note	O
document	O
(	O
or	O
the	O
notes	O
attached	O
to	O
each	O
contact	O
in	O
Names	O
and	O
each	O
calendar	O
event	O
)	O
can	O
contain	O
any	O
mix	O
of	O
interleaved	O
text	O
,	O
ink	B-Application
text	O
,	O
Shapes	O
,	O
and	O
Sketches	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Newton	B-Device
OS	I-Device
runs	O
applications	O
written	O
in	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
along	O
with	O
an	O
interpreted	O
,	O
user-friendly	O
language	O
called	O
NewtonScript	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
applications	O
are	O
stored	O
in	O
packages	B-Application
.	O
</s>
