<s>
In	O
computing	O
,	O
a	O
news	B-Application
aggregator	I-Application
,	O
also	O
termed	O
a	O
feed	B-Application
aggregator	I-Application
,	O
feed	B-Application
reader	I-Application
,	O
news	O
reader	O
,	O
RSS	B-Application
reader	I-Application
,	O
or	O
simply	O
an	O
aggregator	O
is	O
client	O
software	O
or	O
a	O
web	B-Application
application	I-Application
that	O
aggregates	O
syndicated	O
web	O
content	O
such	O
as	O
online	O
newspapers	O
,	O
blogs	O
,	O
podcasts	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
video	O
blogs	O
(	O
vlogs	O
)	O
in	O
one	O
location	O
for	O
easy	O
viewing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
updates	O
distributed	O
may	O
include	O
journal	O
tables	O
of	O
contents	O
,	O
podcasts	B-Operating_System
,	O
videos	O
,	O
and	O
news	O
items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
content	O
is	O
sometimes	O
described	O
as	O
being	O
pulled	O
to	O
the	O
subscriber	O
,	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
pushed	B-General_Concept
with	O
email	O
or	O
IM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
recipients	O
of	O
some	O
push	B-General_Concept
information	O
,	O
the	O
aggregator	O
user	O
can	O
easily	O
unsubscribe	O
from	O
a	O
feed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
feeds	O
are	O
often	O
in	O
the	O
RSS	O
or	O
Atom	B-Application
formats	O
which	O
use	O
Extensible	B-Protocol
Markup	I-Protocol
Language	I-Protocol
(	O
XML	B-Protocol
)	O
to	O
structure	O
pieces	O
of	O
information	O
to	O
be	O
aggregated	O
in	O
a	O
feed	B-Application
reader	I-Application
that	O
displays	O
the	O
information	O
in	O
a	O
user-friendly	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
subscribing	O
to	O
a	O
feed	O
,	O
users	O
have	O
to	O
install	O
either	O
"	O
feed	B-Application
reader	I-Application
"	O
or	O
"	O
news	B-Application
aggregator	I-Application
"	O
applications	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
read	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
aggregator	O
provides	O
a	O
consolidated	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
content	O
in	O
one	O
browser	B-Application
display	O
or	O
desktop	B-Application
application	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Desktop	B-Application
applications	I-Application
offer	O
the	O
advantages	O
of	O
a	O
potentially	O
richer	O
user	O
interface	O
and	O
of	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
provide	O
some	O
content	O
even	O
when	O
the	O
computer	O
is	O
not	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Web-based	B-Application
feed	B-Application
readers	I-Application
offer	O
the	O
great	O
convenience	O
of	O
allowing	O
users	O
to	O
access	O
up-to-date	O
feeds	O
from	O
any	O
Internet-connected	O
computer.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
some	O
applications	O
will	O
have	O
an	O
automated	O
process	O
to	O
subscribe	O
to	O
a	O
news	B-General_Concept
feed	I-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
basic	O
way	O
to	O
subscribe	O
is	O
by	O
simply	O
clicking	O
on	O
the	O
web	B-General_Concept
feed	I-General_Concept
icon	O
and/or	O
text	O
link	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aggregation	O
features	O
are	O
frequently	O
built	O
into	O
web	O
portal	O
sites	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
themselves	O
,	O
in	O
email	O
applications	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
application	B-Application
software	I-Application
designed	O
specifically	O
for	O
reading	O
feeds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aggregators	O
with	O
podcasting	B-Operating_System
capabilities	O
can	O
automatically	O
download	O
media	O
files	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
MP3	B-Application
recordings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
these	O
can	O
be	O
automatically	O
loaded	O
onto	O
portable	O
media	O
players	O
(	O
like	O
iPods	B-Device
)	O
when	O
they	O
are	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
end-users	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2011	O
,	O
so-called	O
RSS	O
narrators	O
appeared	O
,	O
which	O
aggregated	O
text-only	O
news	B-General_Concept
feeds	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
converted	O
them	O
into	O
audio	O
recordings	O
for	O
offline	O
listening	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
syndicated	O
content	O
an	O
aggregator	O
will	O
retrieve	O
and	O
interpret	O
is	O
usually	O
supplied	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
RSS	O
or	O
other	O
XML-formatted	O
data	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
RDF/XML	O
or	O
Atom	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
RSS	O
began	O
in	O
1999	O
"	O
when	O
it	O
was	O
first	O
introduced	O
by	O
Internet	B-Application
browser	I-Application
pioneer	O
Netscape	B-Protocol
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
RDF	O
...	O
data	O
model	O
that	O
people	O
inside	O
Netscape	B-Protocol
felt	O
was	O
too	O
complicated	O
for	O
end	O
users.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
In	O
2005	O
,	O
major	O
players	O
in	O
the	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
market	O
started	O
integrating	O
the	O
technology	O
directly	O
into	O
their	O
products	O
,	O
including	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Internet	O
Explorer	O
,	O
Mozilla	O
's	O
Firefox	O
and	O
Apple	O
's	O
Safari.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
instance	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
News	I-Application
gathers	O
and	O
publishes	O
material	O
independent	O
of	O
customers	O
 '	O
needs	O
while	O
Awasu	B-Application
is	O
created	O
as	O
an	O
individual	O
RSS	O
tool	O
to	O
control	O
and	O
collect	O
information	O
according	O
to	O
clients	O
 '	O
criteria	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
software	B-Application
applications	I-Application
and	O
components	O
available	O
to	O
collect	O
,	O
format	O
,	O
translate	O
,	O
and	O
republish	O
XML	B-Protocol
feeds	I-Protocol
,	O
a	O
demonstration	O
of	O
presentation-independent	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
news	B-Application
aggregator	I-Application
provides	O
and	O
updates	O
information	O
from	O
different	O
sources	O
in	O
a	O
systematized	O
way	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Some	O
news	B-Application
aggregator	I-Application
services	O
also	O
provide	O
update	O
services	O
,	O
whereby	O
a	O
user	O
is	O
regularly	O
updated	O
with	O
the	O
latest	O
news	O
on	O
a	O
chosen	O
topic	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Websites	O
such	O
as	O
Google	B-Application
News	I-Application
,	O
Yahoo	B-Application
News	I-Application
,	O
Bing	O
News	O
,	O
and	O
NewsNow	B-Application
where	O
aggregation	O
is	O
entirely	O
automatic	O
,	O
using	O
algorithms	O
which	O
carry	O
out	O
contextual	O
analysis	O
and	O
group	O
similar	O
stories	O
together	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
News	B-Application
aggregation	I-Application
websites	I-Application
began	O
with	O
content	O
selected	O
and	O
entered	O
by	O
humans	O
,	O
while	O
automated	O
selection	O
algorithms	O
were	O
eventually	O
developed	O
to	O
fill	O
the	O
content	O
from	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
either	O
automatically	O
selected	O
or	O
manually	O
added	O
sources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
News	I-Application
launched	O
in	O
2002	O
using	O
automated	O
story	O
selection	O
,	O
but	O
humans	O
could	O
add	O
sources	O
to	O
its	O
search	O
engine	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
older	O
Yahoo	B-Application
News	I-Application
,	O
as	O
of	O
2005	O
,	O
used	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
automated	O
news	O
crawlers	O
and	O
human	O
editors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Web-based	B-Application
feeds	O
readers	O
allow	O
users	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
web	B-General_Concept
feed	I-General_Concept
on	O
the	O
internet	O
and	O
add	O
it	O
to	O
their	O
feed	B-Application
reader	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Online	O
feed	B-Application
readers	I-Application
include	O
Bloglines	B-Application
,	O
Feedly	B-Application
,	O
Inoreader	B-Application
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
News	I-Application
Feed	I-Application
,	O
Flipboard	B-Application
,	O
Digg	B-Application
,	O
News360	B-Application
,	O
My	O
Yahoo	O
!,	O
NewsBlur	B-Application
,	O
Netvibes	O
,	O
Tiny	B-Application
Tiny	I-Application
RSS	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Journali.sm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
even	O
more	O
specified	O
web-based	B-Application
RSS	B-Application
readers	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
instance	O
,	O
a	O
news	B-Application
aggregator	I-Application
created	O
for	O
scientists	O
:	O
"	O
Michael	O
Imbeault	O
,	O
an	O
HIV	O
researcher	O
at	O
the	O
Université	O
Laval	O
in	O
Quebec	O
,	O
launched	O
his	O
fully	O
automated	O
site	O
called	O
"	O
e	O
!	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
advanced	O
methods	O
of	O
aggregating	O
feeds	O
are	O
provided	O
via	O
Ajax	B-General_Concept
coding	O
techniques	O
and	O
XML	B-Protocol
components	O
called	O
web	O
widgets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ranging	O
from	O
full-fledged	O
applications	O
to	O
small	O
fragments	O
of	O
source	O
code	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
integrated	O
into	O
larger	O
programs	O
,	O
they	O
allow	O
users	O
to	O
aggregate	O
OPML	B-Application
files	O
,	O
email	O
services	O
,	O
documents	O
,	O
or	O
feeds	O
into	O
one	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
aggregator	O
services	O
mainly	O
for	O
individual	O
use	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
web	B-Application
applications	I-Application
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
aggregate	O
several	O
blogs	O
into	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
named	O
after	O
the	O
Planet	B-Application
aggregator	I-Application
,	O
a	O
server	O
application	O
designed	O
for	O
this	O
purpose	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
graphical	O
user	O
interface	O
of	O
such	O
applications	O
often	O
closely	O
resembles	O
that	O
of	O
popular	O
e-mail	B-Protocol
clients	I-Protocol
,	O
using	O
a	O
three-panel	O
composition	O
in	O
which	O
subscriptions	O
are	O
grouped	O
in	O
a	O
frame	O
on	O
the	O
left	O
,	O
and	O
individual	O
entries	O
are	O
browsed	O
,	O
selected	O
,	O
and	O
read	O
in	O
frames	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
notable	O
examples	O
include	O
NetNewsWire	B-Application
,	O
Flipboard	B-Application
,	O
Prismatic	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Zite	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Software	O
aggregators	O
can	O
also	O
take	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
news	O
tickers	O
which	O
scroll	O
feeds	O
like	O
ticker	O
tape	O
,	O
alerters	O
that	O
display	O
updates	O
in	O
windows	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
refreshed	O
,	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
macro	O
tools	O
or	O
as	O
smaller	O
components	O
(	O
sometimes	O
called	O
plugins	B-Application
or	O
extensions	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
integrate	O
feeds	O
into	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
or	O
software	B-Application
applications	I-Application
such	O
as	O
a	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Clients	O
applications	O
include	O
Mozilla	B-Application
Thunderbird	I-Application
,	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
Outlook	I-Application
,	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
,	O
FeedDemon	O
and	O
many	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
examples	O
of	O
social	O
news	B-Application
aggregators	I-Application
is	O
Digg.com	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
In	O
these	O
social	O
news	B-Application
aggregators	I-Application
,	O
users	O
submit	O
news	O
items	O
(	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
stories	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
communicate	O
with	O
peers	O
through	O
direct	O
messages	O
and	O
comments	O
,	O
and	O
collaboratively	O
select	O
and	O
rate	O
submitted	O
stories	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
a	O
real-time	O
compilation	O
of	O
what	O
is	O
currently	O
perceived	O
as	O
"	O
hot	O
"	O
and	O
popular	O
on	O
the	O
Internet.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Social	O
news	B-Application
aggregators	I-Application
based	O
on	O
engagement	O
of	O
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
systems	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
text-features	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
NewsCube	O
is	O
a	O
news	B-Application
aggregator	I-Application
that	O
extracts	O
key	O
phrases	O
that	O
describe	O
a	O
topic	O
differently	O
,	O
or	O
other	O
features	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
matrix-based	O
news	B-Application
aggregation	I-Application
spans	O
a	O
matrix	O
over	O
two	O
dimensions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
in	O
which	O
articles	O
have	O
been	O
published	O
(	O
first	O
dimension	O
)	O
and	O
on	O
which	O
country	O
they	O
are	O
reporting	O
(	O
second	O
dimension	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Media	O
aggregators	O
are	O
sometimes	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
podcatchers	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
popularity	O
of	O
the	O
term	O
podcast	B-Operating_System
used	O
to	O
refer	O
to	O
a	O
web	B-General_Concept
feed	I-General_Concept
containing	O
audio	O
or	O
video	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Media	O
aggregators	O
are	O
client	O
software	O
or	O
web-based	B-Application
applications	I-Application
which	O
maintain	O
subscriptions	O
to	O
feeds	O
that	O
contain	O
audio	O
or	O
video	O
media	O
enclosures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Broadcatching	O
is	O
a	O
mechanism	O
that	O
automatically	O
downloads	O
BitTorrent	B-Protocol
files	O
advertised	O
through	O
RSS	O
feeds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
BitTorrent	B-Protocol
client	O
software	B-Application
applications	I-Application
such	O
as	O
Azureus	O
and	O
μTorrent	O
have	O
added	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
broadcatch	O
torrents	B-Protocol
of	O
distributed	O
multimedia	O
through	O
the	O
aggregation	O
of	O
web	B-General_Concept
feeds	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
problems	O
with	O
news	B-Application
aggregators	I-Application
is	O
that	O
the	O
volume	O
of	O
articles	O
can	O
sometimes	O
be	O
overwhelming	O
,	O
especially	O
when	O
the	O
user	O
has	O
many	O
web	B-General_Concept
feed	I-General_Concept
subscriptions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
solution	O
,	O
many	O
feed	B-Application
readers	I-Application
allow	O
users	O
to	O
tag	B-General_Concept
each	O
feed	O
with	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
keywords	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
sort	O
and	O
filter	O
the	O
available	O
articles	O
into	O
easily	O
navigable	O
categories	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
option	O
is	O
to	O
import	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
Attention	B-Language
Profile	I-Language
to	O
filter	O
items	O
based	O
on	O
their	O
relevance	O
to	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
interests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Feedly	B-Application
,	O
likely	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
RSS	B-Application
reader	I-Application
today	O
,	O
has	O
gone	O
from	O
around	O
5,000	O
paid	O
subscribers	O
in	O
2013	O
to	O
around	O
50,000	O
paid	O
subscribers	O
in	O
early	O
2015	O
–	O
that	O
's	O
a	O
900%	O
increase	O
for	O
Feedly	B-Application
in	O
two	O
years.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
RSS	O
serves	O
as	O
a	O
delivery	O
mechanism	O
for	O
websites	O
to	O
push	B-General_Concept
online	O
content	O
to	O
potential	O
users	O
and	O
as	O
an	O
information	O
aggregator	O
and	O
filter	O
for	O
users.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
push	B-General_Concept
the	O
content	O
RSS	O
should	O
be	O
user-friendly	O
to	O
ensure	O
proactive	O
interaction	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
user	O
can	O
remain	O
engaged	O
without	O
feeling	O
"	O
trapped	O
"	O
,	O
good	O
design	O
to	O
avoid	O
being	O
overwhelmed	O
by	O
stale	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
optimization	O
for	O
both	O
desktop	O
and	O
mobile	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
