<s>
NewSQL	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
class	O
of	O
relational	B-Application
database	I-Application
management	I-Application
systems	I-Application
that	O
seek	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
scalability	O
of	O
NoSQL	B-General_Concept
systems	O
for	O
online	B-General_Concept
transaction	I-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
(	O
OLTP	B-General_Concept
)	O
workloads	O
while	O
maintaining	O
the	O
ACID	O
guarantees	O
of	O
a	O
traditional	O
database	B-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
enterprise	O
systems	O
that	O
handle	O
high-profile	O
data	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
financial	O
and	O
order	O
processing	O
systems	O
)	O
are	O
too	O
large	O
for	O
conventional	O
relational	B-Application
databases	B-Application
,	O
but	O
have	O
transactional	B-General_Concept
and	O
consistency	O
requirements	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
practical	O
for	O
NoSQL	B-General_Concept
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
only	O
options	O
previously	O
available	O
for	O
these	O
organizations	O
were	O
to	O
either	O
purchase	O
more	O
powerful	O
computers	O
or	O
to	O
develop	O
custom	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
that	O
distributes	O
requests	O
over	O
conventional	O
DBMS	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
NewSQL	B-General_Concept
systems	O
attempt	O
to	O
reconcile	O
the	O
conflicts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
was	O
first	O
used	O
by	O
451	O
Group	O
analyst	O
Matthew	O
Aslett	O
in	O
a	O
2011	O
research	O
paper	O
discussing	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
generation	O
of	O
database	B-Application
management	I-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
NewSQL	B-General_Concept
systems	O
was	O
the	O
H-Store	B-Application
parallel	O
database	B-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typical	O
applications	O
are	O
characterized	O
by	O
heavy	O
OLTP	B-General_Concept
transaction	O
volumes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OLTP	B-General_Concept
transactions	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
some	O
support	O
hybrid	O
transactional/analytical	O
processing	O
(	O
HTAP	O
)	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
systems	O
improve	O
performance	O
and	O
scalability	O
by	O
omitting	O
heavyweight	O
recovery	B-Algorithm
or	O
concurrency	B-Operating_System
control	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
SingleStore	B-Application
was	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
MemSQL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
two	O
common	O
distinguishing	O
features	O
of	O
NewSQL	B-General_Concept
database	O
solutions	O
are	O
that	O
they	O
support	O
online	O
scalability	O
of	O
NoSQL	B-General_Concept
databases	B-Application
and	O
the	O
relational	B-Architecture
data	I-Architecture
model	I-Architecture
(	O
including	O
ACID	O
consistency	O
)	O
using	O
SQL	B-Language
as	O
their	O
primary	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NewSQL	B-General_Concept
systems	O
can	O
be	O
loosely	O
grouped	O
into	O
three	O
categories	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
NewSQL	B-General_Concept
systems	O
adopt	O
various	O
internal	O
architectures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
systems	O
employ	O
a	O
cluster	O
of	O
shared-nothing	B-Operating_System
nodes	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
each	O
node	O
manages	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
include	O
components	O
such	O
as	O
distributed	B-Operating_System
concurrency	I-Operating_System
control	I-Operating_System
,	O
flow	O
control	O
,	O
and	O
distributed	O
query	B-Application
processing	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
second	O
category	O
are	O
optimized	O
storage	B-General_Concept
engines	I-General_Concept
for	O
SQL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
systems	O
provide	O
the	O
same	O
programming	O
interface	O
as	O
SQL	B-Language
,	O
but	O
scale	O
better	O
than	O
built-in	O
engines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
systems	O
automatically	O
split	O
databases	B-Application
across	O
multiple	O
nodes	O
using	O
Raft	B-Operating_System
or	O
Paxos	B-Operating_System
consensus	O
algorithm	O
.	O
</s>
