<s>
newLISP	B-Language
is	O
a	O
scripting	B-Language
language	I-Language
which	O
is	O
a	O
dialect	O
of	O
the	O
Lisp	B-Language
family	O
of	O
programming	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
newLISP	B-Language
is	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
software	I-License
released	O
under	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
,	O
version	O
3	O
or	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
newLISP	B-Language
design	O
is	O
influenced	O
by	O
the	O
two	O
main	O
Lisp	B-Language
dialects	O
,	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
and	O
Scheme	B-Language
,	O
and	O
by	O
other	O
languages	O
like	O
Pascal	B-Application
and	O
C	B-Language
.	O
newLISP	B-Language
originated	O
in	O
1991	O
and	O
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
on	O
a	O
Sun-4	B-Device
workstation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
later	O
moved	O
to	O
Windows	B-Application
3.0	I-Application
,	O
where	O
version	O
1.3	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
CompuServe	O
around	O
1993	O
,	O
then	O
became	O
available	O
as	O
a	O
Windows	B-Application
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
GUI	B-Application
)	O
graphics-capable	O
application	O
and	O
a	O
DOS	B-Device
console	B-Device
application	I-Device
(	O
both	O
16-bit	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1995	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
95	I-Application
,	O
newLISP	B-Language
moved	O
to	O
32-bit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
1999	O
,	O
newLISP	B-Language
was	O
ported	O
to	O
Linux	B-Application
;	O
some	O
of	O
its	O
core	O
algorithms	O
were	O
rewritten	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
Windows-specific	O
code	O
removed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
newLISP	B-Language
was	O
released	O
as	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
project	O
licensed	O
under	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
,	O
and	O
development	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
stopped	O
after	O
version	O
6.0.25	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
first	O
half	O
of	O
2001	O
,	O
newLISP	B-Language
was	O
ported	O
back	O
to	O
Windows	B-Application
on	O
the	O
Cygwin	B-Language
platform	O
without	O
graphics	O
abilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
second	O
half	O
of	O
2001	O
,	O
a	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
Tcl/Tk	B-Application
frontend	O
named	O
newLISP-tk	O
was	O
released	O
around	O
version	O
6.3.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2006	O
,	O
64-bit	B-Device
precision	O
was	O
introduced	O
for	O
integer	O
arithmetic	O
and	O
for	O
some	O
operations	O
on	O
files	O
in	O
version	O
9.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
newLISP	B-Language
attempts	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
fast	O
,	O
powerful	O
,	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
,	O
full-featured	O
scripting	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
language	O
Lisp	B-Language
while	O
using	O
only	O
a	O
modest	O
system	O
resources	O
such	O
as	O
data	B-General_Concept
storage	I-General_Concept
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
disk	B-General_Concept
space	I-General_Concept
)	O
and	O
memory	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
provides	O
Lisp	B-Language
features	O
such	O
as	O
lists	O
,	O
symbol	O
processing	O
,	O
function	O
mapping	O
,	O
anonymous	B-General_Concept
functions	I-General_Concept
(	O
lambda	B-General_Concept
expressions	I-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
s-expressions	B-Protocol
(	O
excluding	O
improper	O
lists	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
macros	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
provides	O
the	O
functions	O
expected	O
of	O
a	O
modern	O
scripting	B-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
including	O
supporting	O
regular	B-Language
expressions	I-Language
,	O
XML	B-Protocol
,	O
Unicode	O
(	O
UTF-8	O
)	O
,	O
networking	O
via	O
Transmission	B-Protocol
Control	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
TCP	O
)	O
,	O
Internet	B-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
IP	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
User	B-Protocol
Datagram	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
UDP	O
)	O
,	O
matrix	B-Architecture
and	O
array	B-Data_Structure
processing	O
,	O
advanced	O
math	O
,	O
statistics	O
and	O
Bayesian	O
statistical	O
analysis	O
,	O
mathematical	O
finance	O
,	O
and	O
distributed	O
computing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
newLISP	B-Language
runs	O
on	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Distribution	I-Operating_System
(	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
Solaris	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Windows	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
supports	O
MYSQL	B-Application
,	O
SQLite	B-Language
and	O
ODBC	B-Application
database	O
access	O
,	O
Common	B-Language
Gateway	I-Language
Interface	I-Language
(	O
CGI	O
)	O
,	O
Simple	B-Protocol
Mail	I-Protocol
Transfer	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
SMTP	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
Post	B-Protocol
Office	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
POP	O
)	O
3	O
,	O
File	B-Protocol
Transfer	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
FTP	O
)	O
and	O
XML	B-Protocol
remote	B-Operating_System
procedure	I-Operating_System
call	I-Operating_System
(	O
XML-RPC	B-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
run	O
in	O
server	O
mode	O
as	O
a	O
daemon	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
newLISP	B-Language
supports	O
namespaces	O
termed	O
contexts	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
assigned	O
to	O
variables	O
and	O
passed	O
to	O
functions	O
,	O
but	O
which	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
globally	O
unique	O
symbols	O
,	O
limiting	O
their	O
use	O
as	O
first-class	O
citizens	O
(	O
objects	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
prototype-based	B-Application
object-oriented	B-Language
style	O
of	O
programming	O
is	O
possible	O
in	O
newLISP	B-Language
,	O
using	O
contexts	O
as	O
prototypes	O
to	O
construct	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Variables	O
inside	O
contexts	O
do	O
not	O
interfere	O
with	O
variables	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
name	O
in	O
other	O
contexts	O
,	O
but	O
inside	O
a	O
context	O
,	O
variables	O
behave	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
rules	O
of	O
dynamic	O
scoping	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
newLISP	B-Language
uses	O
dynamic	O
scoping	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
supports	O
both	O
explicitly	O
and	O
implicitly	O
defined	O
local	O
dynamic	O
variables	O
that	O
shadow	B-Language
variables	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
name	O
from	O
the	O
outer	O
environment	O
,	O
thus	O
preventing	O
accidental	O
use	O
or	O
change	O
of	O
the	O
variables	O
from	O
caller	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Parameter	O
variables	O
of	O
the	O
called	O
function	O
automatically	O
shadow	B-Language
the	O
caller	O
's	O
variable	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
newLISP	B-Language
uses	O
a	O
method	O
of	O
automatic	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
different	O
from	O
traditional	O
garbage	B-General_Concept
collection	I-General_Concept
schemes	O
,	O
termed	O
one	O
reference	O
only	O
(	O
ORO	O
)	O
memory	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sharing	O
of	O
subobjects	O
among	O
objects	O
,	O
cyclic	O
structures	O
,	O
or	O
multiple	O
variables	O
pointing	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
object	O
are	O
unsupported	O
in	O
newLISP	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
newLISP	B-Language
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
GUI	B-Application
)	O
server	O
(	O
newLISP-GS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
Java-based	O
Internet	B-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
suite	I-Protocol
(	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
)	O
server	O
providing	O
a	O
graphical	O
programming	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
newLISP-GS	O
based	O
development	O
environment	O
is	O
included	O
in	O
newLISP	B-Language
binary	O
distributions	O
,	O
and	O
GTK-server	B-Language
,	O
OpenGL	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Tcl/Tk	B-Application
-based	O
programming	O
interfaces	O
are	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Any	O
newLISP	B-Language
version	O
allows	O
building	O
executable	O
files	O
,	O
portable	B-Application
applications	I-Application
,	O
for	O
deployment	O
which	O
are	O
self-contained	O
and	O
need	O
no	O
installing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
newLISP	B-Language
has	O
an	O
import	O
function	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
importing	O
functions	O
from	O
a	O
dynamic-link	O
library	O
(	O
DLL	O
)	O
on	O
Windows	B-Library
API	I-Library
Win32	B-Library
,	O
or	O
from	O
a	O
shared	O
library	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
or	O
Unix	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Web	B-Application
frameworks	I-Application
available	O
for	O
newLISP	B-Language
include	O
Dragonfly	B-Application
and	O
Rockets	O
.	O
</s>
