<s>
Neuro-symbolic	B-General_Concept
AI	I-General_Concept
integrates	O
neural	O
and	O
symbolic	B-General_Concept
AI	I-General_Concept
architectures	O
to	O
address	O
complementary	O
strengths	O
and	O
weaknesses	O
of	O
each	O
,	O
providing	O
a	O
robust	O
AI	O
capable	O
of	O
reasoning	O
,	O
learning	O
,	O
and	O
cognitive	O
modeling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
view	O
,	O
deep	B-Algorithm
learning	I-Algorithm
best	O
handles	O
the	O
first	O
kind	O
of	O
cognition	O
while	O
symbolic	O
reasoning	O
best	O
handles	O
the	O
second	O
kind	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
include	O
BERT	B-General_Concept
,	O
RoBERTa	O
,	O
and	O
GPT-3	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbolic[Neural]—is	O
exemplified	O
by	O
AlphaGo	B-Application
,	O
where	O
symbolic	O
techniques	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
call	O
neural	O
techniques	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
case	O
the	O
symbolic	O
approach	O
is	O
Monte	B-Application
Carlo	I-Application
tree	I-Application
search	I-Application
and	O
the	O
neural	O
techniques	O
learn	O
how	O
to	O
evaluate	O
game	O
positions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Neural:Symbolic	O
→	O
Neural	O
—	O
relies	O
on	O
symbolic	O
reasoning	O
to	O
generate	O
or	O
label	O
training	O
data	O
that	O
is	O
subsequently	O
learned	O
by	O
a	O
deep	B-Algorithm
learning	I-Algorithm
model	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
to	O
train	O
a	O
neural	O
model	O
for	O
symbolic	O
computation	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
Macsyma-like	O
symbolic	O
mathematics	O
system	O
to	O
create	O
or	O
label	O
examples	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
example	O
is	O
the	O
Neural	O
Theorem	O
Prover	O
,	O
which	O
constructs	O
a	O
neural	O
network	O
from	O
an	O
AND-OR	B-Data_Structure
proof	O
tree	O
generated	O
from	O
knowledge	O
base	O
rules	O
and	O
terms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Recently	O
,	O
Sepp	O
Hochreiter	O
argued	O
that	O
Graph	B-Algorithm
Neural	I-Algorithm
Networks	I-Algorithm
"	O
are	O
...	O
the	O
predominant	O
models	O
of	O
neural-symbolic	O
computing	O
"	O
since	O
"[t]hey	O
describe	O
the	O
properties	O
of	O
molecules	O
,	O
simulate	O
social	O
networks	O
,	O
or	O
predict	O
future	O
states	O
in	O
physical	O
and	O
engineering	O
applications	O
with	O
particle-particle	O
interactions.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
series	O
of	O
workshops	O
on	O
neuro-symbolic	B-General_Concept
AI	I-General_Concept
has	O
been	O
held	O
every	O
year	O
since	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DeepProbLog	O
—	O
which	O
combines	O
neural	O
networks	O
with	O
the	O
probabilistic	O
reasoning	O
of	O
ProbLog	B-Application
.	O
</s>
