<s>
Network	B-Application
utilities	I-Application
are	O
software	B-Application
utilities	I-Application
designed	O
to	O
analyze	O
and	O
configure	O
various	O
aspects	O
of	O
computer	B-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
majority	O
of	O
them	O
originated	O
on	O
Unix	B-Application
systems	I-Application
,	O
but	O
several	O
later	O
ports	O
to	O
other	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
exist	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
common	O
tools	O
(	O
found	O
on	O
most	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
)	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
ping	B-Protocol
a	O
host	B-Protocol
to	O
check	O
connectivity	O
(	O
reports	O
packet	B-Protocol
loss	I-Protocol
and	O
latency	O
,	O
uses	O
ICMP	B-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
shows	O
the	O
series	O
of	O
successive	O
systems	O
a	O
packet	O
goes	O
through	O
en	O
route	B-Protocol
to	O
its	O
destination	O
on	O
a	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
works	O
by	O
sending	O
packets	O
with	O
sequential	O
TTLs	B-Protocol
which	O
generate	O
ICMP	B-Protocol
TTL-exceeded	O
messages	O
from	O
the	O
hosts	O
the	O
packet	O
passes	O
through	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
used	O
to	O
query	O
a	O
DNS	B-Protocol
server	O
for	O
DNS	B-Protocol
data	O
(	O
deprecated	O
on	O
Unix	B-Application
systems	I-Application
in	O
favour	O
of	O
and	O
;	O
the	O
preferred	O
tool	O
on	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
systems	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
vnStat	B-Language
,	O
useful	O
command	O
to	O
monitor	O
network	O
traffic	O
from	O
the	O
console	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
vnstat	B-Language
allows	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
traffic	O
information	O
in	O
a	O
log	O
system	O
to	O
be	O
analyzed	O
by	O
third	O
party	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
network	B-Application
utilities	I-Application
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
displays	O
network	B-Protocol
connections	I-Protocol
(	O
both	O
incoming	O
and	O
outgoing	O
)	O
,	O
routing	B-Protocol
tables	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
network	O
interface	O
and	O
network	O
protocol	O
statistics	O
.	O
</s>
