<s>
Network	B-Protocol
equipment	I-Protocol
providers	I-Protocol
(	O
NEPs	O
)	O
–	O
sometimes	O
called	O
telecommunications	B-Protocol
equipment	I-Protocol
manufacturers	I-Protocol
(	O
TEMs	O
)	O
–	O
sell	O
products	O
and	O
services	O
to	O
communication	O
service	O
providers	O
such	O
as	O
fixed	O
or	O
mobile	O
operators	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
enterprise	O
customers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NEP	O
technology	O
allows	O
for	O
calls	O
on	O
mobile	O
phones	O
,	O
Internet	O
surfing	O
,	O
joining	O
a	O
conference	O
calls	O
,	O
or	O
watching	O
video	B-Application
on	I-Application
demand	I-Application
through	O
IPTV	O
(	O
internet	O
protocol	O
TV	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Historically	O
,	O
NEPs	O
sell	O
integrated	O
hardware/software	O
systems	O
to	O
carriers	O
such	O
as	O
NTT-DoCoMo	O
,	O
ATT	O
,	O
Sprint	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
purchase	O
hardware	B-Device
from	O
TEMs	O
(	O
telecom	B-Protocol
equipment	I-Protocol
manufacturers	I-Protocol
)	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Vertiv	O
,	O
Kontron	O
,	O
and	O
NEC	O
,	O
to	O
name	O
a	O
few	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TEMs	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
manufacturing	O
the	O
hardware	B-Device
,	O
devices	O
,	O
and	O
equipment	O
the	O
telecommunications	O
industry	O
requires	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Growing	O
importance	O
software	B-Application
applications	I-Application
has	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
entry	O
of	O
new	O
players	O
like	O
System	O
integrators	O
and	O
other	O
ISVs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SCOPE	B-Application
Alliance	I-Application
was	O
a	O
non-profit	O
and	O
influential	O
Network	B-Protocol
Equipment	I-Protocol
provider	I-Protocol
(	O
NEP	O
)	O
industry	O
group	O
aimed	O
at	O
standardizing	O
"	O
carrier-grade	O
"	O
systems	O
for	O
telecom	O
in	O
the	O
Information	O
Age	O
,	O
successfully	O
in	O
accelerating	O
the	O
NEP	O
transformation	O
towards	O
Carrier-grade	O
Open	O
Source	O
Hardware	B-Device
,	O
OS	B-General_Concept
,	O
Middleware	B-General_Concept
,	O
Virtualization	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
Cloud	O
see	O
table	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
SCOPE	O
drives	O
NEP	O
Supply	O
Chain	O
transformation	O
to	O
open	O
carrier-grade	O
standards	O
Technology	O
Suppliers	O
Open	O
Standards	O
SCOPE	O
Achievements	O
Hardware	B-Device
TEMs	O
PCI-SIGATCA	O
,	O
MicroTCA	O
,	O
AdvancedMC	B-Architecture
,	O
NEPs	O
,	O
Commercial	O
off-the-shelf	O
Virtualization	B-Protocol
Proprietary	O
Vmware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JVM	B-Language
White	O
papers	O
,	O
ETSI	O
Network	B-Architecture
function	I-Architecture
virtualization	I-Architecture
,	O
JSR319	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OS	B-General_Concept
RTOS	B-Operating_System
Open	O
Source	O
Development	O
Labs	O
,	O
Free	O
Standards	O
Group	O
CGL	B-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
HA	O
Middleware	B-General_Concept
Proprietary	O
Service	O
Availability	O
Forum	O
,	O
AIS	B-Application
,	O
HPI	B-Application
OpenSAF	B-General_Concept
,	O
OpenHPI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
Proprietary	O
AWS	B-Application
,	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
etc	O
White	O
paper	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NEP-only	O
SCOPE	B-Application
Alliance	I-Application
was	O
retired	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
industry	O
combined	O
forces	O
on	O
Service	O
Availability	O
,	O
ETSI	O
Network	B-Architecture
function	I-Architecture
virtualization	I-Architecture
standardization	O
,	O
Software-defined	O
networking	O
adoption	O
,	O
and	O
5G	O
network	O
slicing	O
initiatives	O
.	O
</s>
