<s>
The	O
Network	B-Application
Driver	I-Application
Interface	I-Application
Specification	I-Application
(	O
NDIS	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
API	B-Application
)	O
for	O
network	B-Protocol
interface	I-Protocol
controllers	I-Protocol
(	O
NICs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
jointly	O
developed	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
and	O
3Com	O
Corporation	O
and	O
is	O
mostly	O
used	O
in	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
open-source	O
NDISwrapper	B-Application
and	O
Project	B-Application
Evil	I-Application
driver	B-Application
wrapper	I-Application
projects	O
allow	O
many	O
NDIS-compliant	O
NICs	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
and	O
NetBSD	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
magnussoft	B-Device
ZETA	I-Device
,	O
a	O
derivative	O
of	O
BeOS	B-Application
,	O
supports	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
NDIS	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NDIS	O
forms	O
the	O
logical	O
link	O
control	O
(	O
LLC	O
)	O
sublayer	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
upper	O
sublayer	O
of	O
the	O
OSI	O
data	B-Protocol
link	I-Protocol
layer	I-Protocol
(	O
layer	B-Protocol
2	I-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
NDIS	O
acts	O
as	O
the	O
interface	O
between	O
the	O
media	B-Protocol
access	I-Protocol
control	I-Protocol
(	O
MAC	O
)	O
sublayer	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
lower	O
sublayer	O
of	O
the	O
data	B-Protocol
link	I-Protocol
layer	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
the	O
network	B-Application
layer	I-Application
(	O
layer	B-Application
3	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NDIS	O
is	O
a	O
library	O
of	O
functions	O
often	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
wrapper	B-Application
"	O
that	O
hides	O
the	O
underlying	O
complexity	O
of	O
the	O
NIC	O
hardware	O
and	O
serves	O
as	O
a	O
standard	O
interface	O
for	O
level	O
3	O
network	O
protocol	O
drivers	O
and	O
hardware	O
level	O
MAC	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
traffic	O
accepted	O
by	O
the	O
NIC	O
is	O
controlled	O
by	O
an	O
NDIS	O
Miniport	O
Driver	O
while	O
various	O
protocols	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
,	O
are	O
implemented	O
by	O
NDIS	O
Protocol	O
Drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
Winpcap	B-Language
adds	O
a	O
second	O
protocol	O
driver	O
on	O
the	O
selected	O
miniport	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
capture	O
incoming	O
packets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
example	O
of	O
virtual	O
miniport	O
driver	O
usage	O
is	O
to	O
add	O
virtual	O
NICs	O
,	O
each	O
with	O
a	O
different	O
VLAN	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
NDIS	O
Miniport	O
drivers	O
can	O
also	O
use	O
Windows	B-Application
Driver	I-Application
Model	I-Application
interfaces	O
to	O
control	O
network	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
write	O
applications	O
using	O
NDIS	O
,	O
one	O
can	O
use	O
samples	O
that	O
accompany	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Windows	B-Application
Driver	I-Application
Kit	I-Application
(	O
WDK	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
