<s>
Network	B-Architecture
Centric	I-Architecture
Product	I-Architecture
Support	I-Architecture
(	O
NCPS	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
early	O
application	O
of	O
an	B-Operating_System
Internet	I-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
Things	I-Operating_System
(	O
IoT	B-Operating_System
)	O
computer	O
architecture	O
developed	O
to	O
leverage	O
new	O
information	O
technologies	O
and	O
global	O
networks	O
to	O
assist	O
in	O
managing	O
maintenance	O
,	O
support	O
and	O
supply	O
chain	O
of	O
complex	O
products	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
complex	O
systems	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
in	O
a	O
mobile	O
aircraft	O
fleet	O
or	O
fixed	O
location	O
assets	O
such	O
as	O
in	O
building	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
accomplished	O
by	O
establishing	O
digital	O
threads	O
connecting	O
the	O
physical	O
deployed	O
subsystem	O
with	O
its	O
design	O
Digital	B-General_Concept
Twins	I-General_Concept
virtual	O
model	O
by	O
embedding	O
intelligence	O
through	O
networked	O
micro-web	O
servers	O
that	O
also	O
function	O
as	O
a	O
computer	B-Device
workstation	I-Device
within	O
each	O
subsystem	O
component	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
Engine	B-Device
control	I-Device
unit	I-Device
on	O
an	O
aircraft	O
)	O
or	O
other	O
controller	O
and	O
enabling	O
2-way	O
communications	O
using	O
existing	O
Internet	O
technologies	O
and	O
communications	O
networks	O
-	O
thus	O
allowing	O
for	O
the	O
extension	O
of	O
a	O
product	O
lifecycle	O
management	O
(	O
PLM	O
)	O
system	O
into	O
a	O
mobile	O
,	O
deployed	O
product	O
at	O
the	O
subsystem	O
level	O
in	O
real	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interaction	O
with	O
the	O
MIT	O
Auto-ID	B-Application
Labs	I-Application
,	O
EPCglobal	O
,	O
the	O
Air	O
Transport	O
Association	O
of	O
America	O
ATA	O
Spec	O
100/iSpec	O
2200	O
and	O
other	O
consortium	O
pioneering	O
the	O
emerging	O
machine	O
to	O
machine	O
Internet	B-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
Things	I-Operating_System
(	O
IoT	B-Operating_System
)	O
architecture	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
evolution	O
of	O
NCPS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Simply	O
put	O
,	O
this	O
architecture	O
extends	O
the	O
existing	O
World	O
Wide	O
Web	O
infrastructure	O
of	O
networked	O
web	B-Application
servers	I-Application
down	O
into	O
the	O
product	O
at	O
its	O
subsystem	O
's	O
controller	O
level	O
using	O
a	O
Systems	O
Engineering	O
"	O
system	O
of	O
systems	O
"	O
nested	O
approach	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
core	O
is	O
an	O
embedded	O
dual	O
function	O
webserver/computer	O
workstation	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
product	O
controller	O
's	O
test	O
ports	O
(	O
as	O
used	O
in	O
retrofit	O
applications	O
,	O
or	O
integrated	O
directly	O
into	O
the	O
controller	O
for	O
new	O
products	O
)	O
,	O
hence	O
providing	O
access	O
to	O
operational	O
cycles	O
,	O
sensor	O
and	O
other	O
information	O
in	O
a	O
clustered	O
,	O
internet	O
addressable	O
node	O
that	O
allows	O
for	O
local	O
or	O
remote	O
access	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
host	O
remotely	O
reconfigurable	O
software	O
that	O
can	O
collect	O
and	O
process	O
data	O
from	O
its	O
mated	O
subsystem	O
controller	O
onboard	O
and	O
pull	O
in	O
other	O
computing	O
resources	O
throughout	O
the	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
then	O
establish	O
a	O
localized	O
wireless	O
World	O
Wide	O
Web	O
in	O
and	O
around	O
the	O
product	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
securely	O
connected	O
to	O
by	O
a	O
mechanic	O
with	O
any	O
web	O
browser-equipped	O
handheld	O
independent	O
of	O
the	O
greater	O
World	O
Wide	O
Web	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
seamlessly	O
integrate	O
into	O
global	O
networks	O
when	O
external	O
wireless	O
communications	O
is	O
available	O
-	O
thus	O
creating	O
data	O
Digital	B-General_Concept
Twins	I-General_Concept
at	O
the	O
factory	O
,	O
connecting	O
deployed	O
product	O
usage	O
in	O
the	O
Product	O
lifecycle	O
with	O
constantly	O
updated	O
digital	O
threads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Legacy	O
systems	O
usually	O
require	O
a	O
human	O
to	O
physically	O
connect	O
a	O
laptop	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
controller	O
or	O
a	O
telematic	O
solution	O
to	O
manually	O
collect	O
data	O
and	O
carry	O
it	O
back	O
to	O
a	O
location	O
where	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
later	O
transferred	O
to	O
the	O
factory	O
or	O
to	O
restricted	O
webserver-based	O
download	O
sites	O
for	O
offboard	O
analysis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
architecture	O
also	O
enables	O
communications	O
with	O
other	O
micro-webservers	O
in	O
its	O
Computer	B-Architecture
cluster	I-Architecture
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
stated	O
previously	O
,	O
the	O
system	O
operates	O
asynchronously	O
,	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
always	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
World	O
Wide	O
Web	O
to	O
function	O
;	O
rather	O
it	O
simply	O
operates	O
locally	O
,	O
then	O
synchronizes	O
two-way	O
information	O
relevant	O
to	O
the	O
subsystem	O
,	O
acting	O
as	O
a	O
Gateway	B-Application
(	O
telecommunications	O
)	O
on	O
board	O
that	O
connects	O
with	O
other	O
gateways	B-Application
within	O
the	O
network	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
airborne	O
or	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
,	O
on	O
an	O
as-needed	O
basis	O
when	O
communications	O
is	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
can	O
be	O
accomplished	O
through	O
a	O
wireless	B-Architecture
LAN	I-Architecture
,	O
satellite	B-Application
,	O
cellular	O
network	O
or	O
other	O
wireless	O
or	O
wired	O
communications	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Security	O
of	O
the	O
network	O
is	O
critical	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
architecture	O
can	O
utilize	O
standard	O
web	O
security	O
protocols	O
,	O
from	O
Public-key	B-Application
cryptography	I-Application
to	O
embedded	O
hardware	O
encryption	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
coupled	O
with	O
technologies	O
such	O
as	O
RFID	B-Application
,	O
the	O
system	O
could	O
track	O
parts	O
from	O
the	O
factory	O
to	O
the	O
aircraft	O
on	O
board	O
,	O
then	O
continue	O
to	O
read	O
the	O
configuration	O
of	O
the	O
subsystem	O
’s	O
replaceable	O
tagged	O
parts	O
,	O
map	O
their	O
configuration	O
to	O
hours	O
run	O
and	O
duty	O
cycles	O
,	O
then	O
process/communicate	O
the	O
projected	O
wear	O
rate	O
through	O
the	O
World	O
Wide	O
Web	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
operator	O
or	O
factory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
the	O
mechanic	O
comes	O
in	O
local	O
wireless	O
access	O
to	O
technical	O
information	O
stored	O
and	O
remotely	O
updated	O
on	O
board	O
the	O
micro-webserver	O
component	O
relevant	O
to	O
that	O
product	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
service	O
bulletins	O
,	O
factory	O
updates	O
,	O
fault	O
code	O
driven	O
,	O
intelligent	O
3D	O
computer	O
game-like	O
maintenance	O
procedures	O
,	O
and	O
social	O
media	O
applications	O
for	O
sharing	O
of	O
product	O
issues	O
and	O
maintenance	O
procedure	O
improvements	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
to	O
include	O
collaborative	O
2-way	O
voice	O
,	O
text	O
and	O
image	O
communications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
micro-webserver	O
component	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
the	O
onboard	O
unit	O
)	O
that	O
is	O
key	O
to	O
enabling	O
the	O
NCPS	O
architecture	O
was	O
first	O
prototyped	O
and	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
2001	O
by	O
David	O
Loda	O
,	O
Enzo	O
Macchia	O
,	O
Sam	O
Quadri	O
and	O
Bjorn	O
Stickling	O
at	O
United	O
Technologies	O
 '	O
Pratt	O
&	O
Whitney	O
division	O
and	O
initially	O
tested	O
on	O
board	O
a	O
Fairchild-Dornier	O
328	O
(	O
later	O
AvCraft	O
328	O
)	O
regional	O
jet	O
in	O
January	O
2002	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Network	B-Architecture
Centric	I-Architecture
Product	I-Architecture
Support	I-Architecture
,	O
or	O
net-centric	O
product	O
support	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
architectural	O
concept	O
,	O
and	O
merely	O
connects	O
the	O
major	O
avenues	O
already	O
existing	O
in	O
global	O
communications	O
and	O
the	O
internet	O
down	O
into	O
the	O
mobile	O
product	O
,	O
extending	O
maintenance	O
and	O
supply	O
chain	O
processes	O
into	O
an	O
integrated	O
product	O
centric	O
system	O
with	O
a	O
real	O
time	O
feedback	O
loop	O
to	O
the	O
designers	O
,	O
factory	O
and	O
maintainers	O
as	O
to	O
product	O
performance	O
and	O
reliability	O
.	O
</s>
