<s>
netsniff-ng	B-Protocol
is	O
a	O
free	O
Linux	B-Application
network	O
analyzer	O
and	O
networking	O
toolkit	B-Library
originally	O
written	O
by	O
Daniel	O
Borkmann	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
gain	O
of	O
performance	O
is	O
reached	O
by	O
zero-copy	O
mechanisms	O
for	O
network	B-Protocol
packets	I-Protocol
(	O
RX_RING	O
,	O
TX_RING	O
)	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
does	O
not	O
need	O
to	O
copy	O
packets	B-Protocol
from	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
space	I-Operating_System
to	O
user	B-Operating_System
space	I-Operating_System
via	O
system	B-Operating_System
calls	I-Operating_System
such	O
as	O
recvmsg( )	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
libpcap	B-Language
,	O
starting	O
with	O
release	O
1.0.0	O
,	O
also	O
supports	O
the	O
zero-copy	O
mechanism	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
for	O
capturing	O
(	O
RX_RING	O
)	O
,	O
so	O
programs	O
using	O
libpcap	B-Language
also	O
use	O
that	O
mechanism	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
netsniff-ng	B-Protocol
was	O
initially	O
created	O
as	O
a	O
network	B-Protocol
sniffer	I-Protocol
with	O
support	O
of	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
packet-mmap	O
interface	O
for	O
network	B-Protocol
packets	I-Protocol
,	O
but	O
later	O
on	O
,	O
more	O
tools	O
have	O
been	O
added	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
a	O
useful	O
toolkit	B-Library
such	O
as	O
the	O
iproute2	B-Protocol
suite	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Through	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
's	O
zero-copy	O
interface	O
,	O
efficient	O
packet	B-Protocol
processing	O
can	O
be	O
reached	O
even	O
on	O
commodity	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
instance	O
,	O
Gigabit	O
Ethernet	O
wire-speed	O
has	O
been	O
reached	O
with	O
netsniff-ng	B-Protocol
'	O
s	O
trafgen	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
netsniff-ng	B-Protocol
toolkit	B-Library
does	O
not	O
depend	O
on	O
the	O
libpcap	B-Language
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moreover	O
,	O
no	O
special	O
operating	O
system	O
patches	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
run	O
the	O
toolkit	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
netsniff-ng	B-Protocol
is	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
and	O
has	O
been	O
released	O
under	O
the	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
version	O
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
toolkit	B-Library
currently	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
network	O
analyzer	O
,	O
packet	B-Protocol
capturer	O
and	O
replayer	O
,	O
a	O
wire-rate	O
traffic	O
generator	O
,	O
an	O
encrypted	O
multiuser	O
IP	B-Protocol
tunnel	I-Protocol
,	O
a	O
Berkeley	B-Protocol
Packet	I-Protocol
Filter	I-Protocol
compiler	O
,	O
networking	O
statistic	O
tools	O
,	O
an	O
autonomous	B-Architecture
system	I-Architecture
trace	B-Protocol
route	I-Protocol
and	O
more	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Distribution	O
specific	O
packages	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
all	O
major	O
operating	O
system	O
distributions	O
such	O
as	O
Debian	O
or	O
Fedora	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
added	O
to	O
Xplico	B-Protocol
's	O
Network	O
Forensic	O
Toolkit	B-Library
,	O
GRML	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
SecurityOnion	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
Network	B-Protocol
Security	I-Protocol
Toolkit	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
netsniff-ng	B-Protocol
toolkit	B-Library
is	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
academia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programs	O
in	O
the	O
netsniff-ng	B-Protocol
suite	O
accept	O
long	O
options	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
--in	O
(	O
-i	O
)	O
,	O
--out	O
(	O
-o	O
)	O
,	O
--dev	O
(	O
-d	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
geographical	O
AS	O
TCP	B-Protocol
SYN	O
probe	O
trace	B-Protocol
route	I-Protocol
to	O
a	O
website	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
networking	O
statistics	O
within	O
promiscuous	B-Protocol
mode	I-Protocol
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
high-speed	O
network	B-Protocol
packet	I-Protocol
traffic	O
generation	O
,	O
trafgen.txf	O
is	O
the	O
packet	B-Protocol
configuration	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
compiling	O
a	O
Berkeley	B-Protocol
Packet	I-Protocol
Filter	I-Protocol
fubar.bpf	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
live-tracking	O
of	O
current	O
TCP	B-Protocol
connections	O
(	O
including	O
protocol	O
,	O
application	O
name	O
,	O
city	O
and	O
country	O
of	O
source	O
and	O
destination	O
)	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
efficiently	O
dumping	O
network	O
traffic	O
in	O
a	O
pcap	B-Language
file	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
netsniff-ng	B-Protocol
toolkit	B-Library
currently	O
runs	O
only	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
developers	O
decline	O
a	O
port	O
to	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
.	O
</s>
