<s>
NetBSD	B-Device
is	O
a	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
Unix	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
based	O
on	O
the	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Distribution	I-Operating_System
(	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
open-source	B-Application
BSD	B-Operating_System
descendant	O
officially	O
released	O
after	O
386BSD	B-Operating_System
was	O
forked	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
continues	O
to	O
be	O
actively	O
developed	O
and	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
many	O
platforms	O
,	O
including	O
servers	O
,	O
desktops	O
,	O
handheld	O
devices	O
,	O
and	O
embedded	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NetBSD	B-Device
project	O
focuses	O
on	O
code	O
clarity	O
,	O
careful	O
design	O
,	O
and	O
portability	O
across	O
many	O
computer	B-General_Concept
architectures	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
source	O
code	O
is	O
publicly	O
available	O
and	O
permissively	B-License
licensed	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
NetBSD	B-Device
was	O
originally	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
4.3BSD-Reno	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Distribution	I-Operating_System
from	O
the	O
Computer	B-Operating_System
Systems	I-Operating_System
Research	I-Operating_System
Group	I-Operating_System
of	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
California	O
,	O
Berkeley	O
,	O
via	O
their	O
Net/2	O
source	O
code	O
release	O
and	O
the	O
386BSD	B-Operating_System
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NetBSD	B-Device
project	O
began	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
frustration	O
within	O
the	O
386BSD	B-Operating_System
developer	O
community	O
with	O
the	O
pace	O
and	O
direction	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
's	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
four	O
founders	O
of	O
the	O
NetBSD	B-Device
project	O
,	O
Chris	O
Demetriou	O
,	O
Theo	O
de	O
Raadt	O
,	O
Adam	O
Glass	O
,	O
and	O
Charles	O
Hannum	O
,	O
felt	O
that	O
a	O
more	O
open	O
development	O
model	O
would	O
benefit	O
the	O
project	O
:	O
one	O
centered	O
on	O
portable	O
,	O
clean	O
,	O
correct	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
aimed	O
to	O
produce	O
a	O
unified	O
,	O
multi-platform	B-Operating_System
,	O
production-quality	O
,	O
BSD-based	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
"	O
NetBSD	B-Device
"	O
was	O
chosen	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
importance	O
and	O
growth	O
of	O
networks	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Internet	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
distributed	O
,	O
collaborative	O
nature	O
of	O
its	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NetBSD	B-Device
source	O
code	O
repository	O
was	O
established	O
on	O
21	O
March	O
1993	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
official	O
release	O
,	O
NetBSD	B-Device
0.8	O
,	O
was	O
made	O
on	O
19	O
April	O
1993	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
derived	O
from	O
386BSD	B-Operating_System
0.1	O
plus	O
the	O
version	O
0.2.2	O
unofficial	O
patchkit	O
,	O
with	O
several	O
programs	O
from	O
the	O
Net/2	O
release	O
missing	O
from	O
386BSD	B-Operating_System
re-integrated	O
,	O
and	O
various	O
other	O
improvements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
multi-platform	B-Operating_System
release	O
,	O
NetBSD	B-Device
1.0	O
,	O
was	O
made	O
in	O
October	O
1994	O
,	O
and	O
being	O
updated	O
with	O
4.4BSD-Lite	O
sources	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
free	O
of	O
all	O
legally	O
encumbered	O
4.3BSD	O
Net/2	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
later	O
founded	O
a	O
new	O
project	O
,	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
from	O
a	O
forked	B-Application
version	O
of	O
NetBSD	B-Device
1.0	O
near	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
1995	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1998	O
,	O
NetBSD	B-Device
1.3	O
introduced	O
the	O
pkgsrc	B-Application
packages	O
collection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Until	O
2004	O
,	O
NetBSD	B-Device
1.x	O
releases	O
were	O
made	O
at	O
roughly	O
annual	O
intervals	O
,	O
with	O
minor	O
"	O
patch	O
"	O
releases	O
in	O
between	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
release	O
2.0	O
onwards	O
,	O
NetBSD	B-Device
uses	O
semantic	O
versioning	O
,	O
and	O
each	O
major	O
NetBSD	B-Device
release	O
corresponds	O
to	O
an	O
incremented	O
major	O
version	O
number	O
,	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
motto	O
(	O
"	O
Of	O
course	O
it	O
runs	O
NetBSD	B-Device
"	O
)	O
suggests	O
,	O
NetBSD	B-Device
has	O
been	O
ported	O
to	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
32	O
-	O
and	O
64-bit	B-Device
architectures	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
range	O
from	O
VAX	B-Device
minicomputers	B-Architecture
to	O
Pocket	B-Device
PC	I-Device
PDAs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2019	O
,	O
NetBSD	B-Device
supports	O
59	O
hardware	O
platforms	O
(	O
across	O
16	O
different	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
sets	I-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
kernel	O
and	O
userland	O
for	O
these	O
platforms	O
are	O
all	O
built	O
from	O
a	O
central	O
unified	O
source-code	O
tree	O
managed	O
by	O
CVS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Currently	O
,	O
unlike	O
other	O
kernels	O
such	O
as	O
μClinux	B-Application
,	O
the	O
NetBSD	B-Device
kernel	I-Device
requires	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
an	O
MMU	B-General_Concept
in	O
any	O
given	O
target	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NetBSD	B-Device
's	O
portability	O
is	O
aided	O
by	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
hardware	B-Operating_System
abstraction	I-Operating_System
layer	I-Operating_System
interfaces	O
for	O
low-level	O
hardware	O
access	O
such	O
as	O
bus	B-General_Concept
input/output	O
or	O
DMA	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
this	O
portability	O
layer	O
,	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
can	O
be	O
split	O
into	O
"	O
machine-independent	B-Operating_System
"	O
and	O
"	O
machine-dependent	O
"	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
permits	O
a	O
particular	O
device	B-Application
driver	I-Application
for	O
a	O
PCI	B-Protocol
card	I-Protocol
to	O
work	O
without	O
modifications	O
,	O
whether	O
it	O
is	O
in	O
a	O
PCI	B-Protocol
slot	I-Protocol
on	O
an	O
IA-32	B-Device
,	O
Alpha	B-Device
,	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
,	O
SPARC	B-Architecture
,	O
or	O
other	O
architecture	O
with	O
a	O
PCI	B-Protocol
bus	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
a	O
single	O
driver	O
for	O
a	O
specific	O
device	O
can	O
operate	O
via	O
several	O
different	O
buses	O
,	O
like	O
ISA	B-Architecture
,	O
PCI	B-Protocol
,	O
or	O
PC	B-Architecture
Card	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
platform	B-Operating_System
independence	I-Operating_System
aids	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
embedded	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
,	O
particularly	O
since	O
NetBSD	B-Device
1.6	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
entire	O
toolchain	O
of	O
compilers	B-Language
,	O
assemblers	O
,	O
linkers	B-Application
,	O
and	O
other	O
tools	O
fully	O
support	O
cross-compiling	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2005	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
demonstration	O
of	O
NetBSD	B-Device
's	O
portability	O
and	O
suitability	O
for	O
embedded	O
applications	O
,	O
Technologic	O
Systems	O
,	O
a	O
vendor	O
of	O
embedded	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
hardware	O
,	O
designed	O
and	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
NetBSD-powered	O
kitchen	O
toaster	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Commercial	O
ports	O
to	O
embedded	O
platforms	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
AMD	B-Device
Geode	I-Device
LX800	O
,	O
Freescale	O
PowerQUICC	B-General_Concept
processors	O
,	O
Marvell	O
Orion	O
,	O
AMCC	O
405	B-General_Concept
family	O
of	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
processors	I-Architecture
,	O
Intel	B-Application
XScale	I-Application
IOP	O
and	O
IXP	O
series	O
,	O
were	O
available	O
from	O
and	O
supported	O
by	O
Wasabi	O
Systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NetBSD	B-Device
cross-compiling	B-Application
framework	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
build.sh	O
 "	O
)	O
lets	O
a	O
developer	O
build	O
a	O
complete	O
NetBSD	B-Device
system	O
for	O
an	O
architecture	O
from	O
a	O
more	O
powerful	O
system	O
of	O
different	O
architecture	O
(	O
cross-compiling	B-Application
)	O
,	O
including	O
on	O
a	O
different	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
(	O
the	O
framework	O
supports	O
most	O
POSIX-compliant	O
systems	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
embedded	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
using	O
NetBSD	B-Device
have	O
required	O
no	O
additional	O
software	O
development	O
other	O
than	O
toolchain	O
and	O
target	O
rehost	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NetBSD	B-Device
features	O
pkgsrc	B-Application
(	O
short	O
for	O
"	O
package	O
source	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
framework	O
for	O
building	O
and	O
managing	O
third-party	O
application	B-Application
software	I-Application
packages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
pkgsrc	B-Application
collection	O
consists	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
20,000	O
packages	O
as	O
of	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Building	O
and	O
installing	O
packages	O
such	O
as	O
KDE	B-Application
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
,	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
HTTP	I-Application
Server	I-Application
or	O
Perl	B-Language
is	O
performed	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
system	O
of	O
makefiles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
alternative	O
to	O
compiling	B-Language
from	O
source	O
is	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
precompiled	O
binary	O
package	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
pkgsrc	B-Application
supports	O
not	O
only	O
NetBSD	B-Device
,	O
but	O
also	O
several	O
other	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
variants	O
like	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
and	O
Darwin/Mac	O
OS	O
X	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
such	O
as	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
Solaris	B-Application
,	O
IRIX	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
others	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Interix	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
pkgsrc	B-Application
was	O
previously	O
adopted	O
as	O
the	O
official	O
package	O
management	O
system	O
for	O
DragonFly	B-Application
BSD	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
NetBSD	B-Device
has	O
supported	O
SMP	B-Operating_System
since	O
the	O
NetBSD	B-Device
2.0	O
release	O
in	O
2004	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
initially	O
implemented	O
using	O
the	O
giant	B-Operating_System
lock	I-Operating_System
approach	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
development	O
cycle	O
of	O
the	O
NetBSD	B-Device
5	O
release	O
,	O
major	O
work	O
was	O
done	O
to	O
improve	O
SMP	B-Operating_System
support	O
;	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
kernel	O
subsystems	O
were	O
modified	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
fine-grained	O
locking	O
approach	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
synchronization	O
primitives	O
were	O
implemented	O
and	O
scheduler	B-Operating_System
activations	I-Operating_System
was	O
replaced	O
with	O
a	O
1:1	O
threading	O
model	O
in	O
February	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
scalable	O
M2	O
thread	O
scheduler	O
was	O
implemented	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
old	O
4.4BSD	O
scheduler	O
still	O
remains	O
the	O
default	O
but	O
was	O
modified	O
to	O
scale	O
with	O
SMP	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Threaded	O
software	B-Application
interrupts	I-Application
were	O
implemented	O
to	O
improve	O
synchronization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
virtual	B-Architecture
memory	I-Architecture
system	O
,	O
memory	B-General_Concept
allocator	I-General_Concept
and	O
trap	B-Application
handling	I-Application
were	O
made	O
MP	O
safe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
framework	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
VFS	B-Application
and	O
major	O
file	B-Application
systems	I-Application
were	O
modified	O
to	O
be	O
MP	O
safe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
April	O
2008	O
the	O
only	O
subsystems	O
running	O
with	O
a	O
giant	B-Operating_System
lock	I-Operating_System
are	O
the	O
network	O
protocols	O
and	O
most	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
NetBSD	B-Device
provides	O
various	O
features	O
in	O
the	O
security	O
area	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
allows	O
external	O
modules	B-Application
to	O
plug-in	O
the	O
authorization	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NetBSD	B-Device
also	O
incorporates	O
exploit	O
mitigation	O
features	O
,	O
ASLR	O
,	O
KASLR	O
,	O
restricted	O
mprotect( )	O
and	O
Segvguard	O
from	O
the	O
PaX	B-Device
project	O
,	O
and	O
GCC	B-Application
Stack	O
Smashing	O
Protection	O
(	O
SSP	O
,	O
or	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
ProPolice	O
,	O
enabled	O
by	O
default	O
since	O
NetBSD	B-Device
6.0	O
)	O
compiler	B-Language
extensions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Verified	B-Application
Executables	I-Application
(	O
or	O
Veriexec	B-Application
)	O
is	O
an	O
in-kernel	O
file	O
integrity	O
subsystem	O
in	O
NetBSD	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
one	O
can	O
allow	O
Perl	B-Language
to	O
run	O
only	O
scripts	O
that	O
match	O
their	O
fingerprints	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
cryptographic	O
device	B-Application
driver	I-Application
(	O
CGD	O
)	O
allows	O
using	O
disks	O
or	O
partitions	O
(	O
including	O
CDs	O
and	O
DVDs	O
)	O
for	O
encrypted	O
storage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Xen	B-Operating_System
virtual-machine	B-Operating_System
monitor	I-Operating_System
has	O
been	O
supported	O
in	O
NetBSD	B-Device
since	O
release	O
3.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
Xen	B-Operating_System
requires	O
a	O
special	O
pre-kernel	O
boot	O
environment	O
that	O
loads	O
a	O
Xen-specialized	O
kernel	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
host	O
OS	O
"	O
(	O
Dom0	B-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Any	O
number	O
of	O
"	O
guest	O
OSes	O
"	O
(	O
DomU	B-Operating_System
)	O
virtualized	O
computers	O
,	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
specific	O
Xen/DomU	O
support	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
run	O
in	O
parallel	O
with	O
the	O
appropriate	O
hardware	O
resources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
third-party	O
boot	O
manager	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
GRUB	O
,	O
was	O
eliminated	O
with	O
NetBSD	B-Device
5	O
's	O
Xen-compatible	O
boot	O
manager	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NetBSD	B-Device
6	O
as	O
a	O
Dom0	B-Operating_System
has	O
been	O
benchmarked	O
comparably	O
to	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
with	O
better	O
performance	O
than	O
Linux	B-Application
in	O
some	O
tests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
NetBSD	B-Device
9.0	O
,	O
accelerated	O
virtualization	O
is	O
provided	O
through	O
the	O
native	O
hypervisor	B-Operating_System
NVMM	O
(	O
NetBSD	B-Device
Virtual	B-Operating_System
Machine	I-Operating_System
Monitor	I-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
provides	O
a	O
virtualization	O
API	O
,	O
libnvmm	O
,	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
leveraged	O
by	O
emulators	O
such	O
as	O
QEMU	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
's	O
Hardware	O
Accelerated	O
Execution	O
Manager	O
(	O
HAXM	O
)	O
provides	O
an	O
alternative	O
solution	O
for	O
acceleration	O
in	O
QEMU	B-Application
for	O
Intel	O
CPUs	O
only	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
Linux	B-Application
's	O
KVM	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
NetBSD	B-Device
5.0	O
introduced	O
the	O
rump	B-Application
kernel	I-Application
,	O
an	O
architecture	O
to	O
run	O
drivers	O
in	O
user-space	O
by	O
emulating	O
kernel-space	O
calls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
anykernel	B-Application
architecture	O
allows	O
adding	O
support	O
of	O
NetBSD	B-Device
drivers	O
to	O
other	O
kernel	O
architectures	B-General_Concept
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
exokernels	B-Operating_System
to	O
monolithic	B-Operating_System
kernels	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
NetBSD	B-Device
includes	O
many	O
enterprise	O
features	O
like	O
iSCSI	B-Protocol
,	O
a	O
journaling	B-Application
filesystem	I-Application
,	O
logical	B-Application
volume	I-Application
management	I-Application
and	O
the	O
ZFS	B-Application
filesystem	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
bio(4 )	O
interface	O
for	O
vendor-agnostic	O
RAID	B-Architecture
volume	B-Application
management	I-Application
through	O
bioctl	B-Device
has	O
been	O
available	O
in	O
NetBSD	B-Device
since	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
WAPBL	B-Application
journaling	B-Application
filesystem	I-Application
,	O
an	O
extension	O
of	O
the	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
FFS	B-Operating_System
filesystem	B-Application
,	O
was	O
contributed	O
by	O
Wasabi	O
Systems	O
in	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NetBSD	B-Device
Logical	B-Application
Volume	I-Application
Manager	I-Application
is	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
reimplementation	O
of	O
a	O
device-mapper	O
driver	O
and	O
a	O
port	O
of	O
the	O
Linux	B-Application
Logical	B-Application
Volume	I-Application
Manager	I-Application
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
mostly	O
written	O
during	O
the	O
Google	B-Application
Summer	I-Application
of	I-Application
Code	I-Application
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ZFS	B-Application
filesystem	B-Application
developed	O
by	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
was	O
imported	O
into	O
the	O
NetBSD	B-Device
base	O
system	O
in	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CHFS	B-Application
Flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
filesystem	B-Application
was	O
imported	O
into	O
NetBSD	B-Device
in	O
November	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CHFS	B-Application
is	O
a	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
developed	O
at	O
the	O
Department	O
of	O
Software	O
Engineering	O
,	O
University	O
of	O
Szeged	O
,	O
Hungary	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
Flash-specific	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
written	O
for	O
NetBSD	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
level	O
,	O
NetBSD	B-Device
is	O
very	O
nearly	O
entirely	O
compliant	O
with	O
POSIX.1	O
(	O
IEEE	O
1003.1-1990	O
)	O
standard	O
and	O
mostly	O
compliant	O
with	O
POSIX.2	O
(	O
IEEE	O
1003.2-1992	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NetBSD	B-Device
provides	O
system	O
call-level	O
binary	O
compatibility	O
on	O
the	O
appropriate	O
processor	O
architectures	B-General_Concept
with	O
its	O
previous	O
releases	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
with	O
several	O
other	O
UNIX-derived	O
and	O
UNIX-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
,	O
including	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
and	O
other	O
4.3BSD	O
derivatives	O
like	O
SunOS	B-Operating_System
4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
NetBSD	B-Device
users	O
to	O
run	O
many	O
applications	O
that	O
are	O
only	O
distributed	O
in	O
binary	O
form	O
for	O
other	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
,	O
usually	O
with	O
no	O
significant	O
loss	O
of	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
variety	O
of	O
"	O
foreign	O
"	O
disk	O
filesystem	B-Application
formats	O
are	O
also	O
supported	O
in	O
NetBSD	B-Device
,	O
including	O
ZFS	B-Application
,	O
FAT	B-Application
,	O
NTFS	B-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
ext2fs	B-Application
,	O
Apple	B-Application
HFS	I-Application
and	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
UFS	B-Operating_System
,	O
RISC	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
FileCore/ADFS	O
,	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
Fast	B-Device
File	I-Device
System	I-Device
,	O
IRIX	B-Operating_System
EFS	B-Operating_System
,	O
Version	B-Operating_System
7	I-Operating_System
Unix	I-Operating_System
File	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
many	O
more	O
through	O
PUFFS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kernel-space	O
scripting	O
with	O
the	O
Lua	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
was	O
added	O
in	O
NetBSD	B-Device
7.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Lua	B-Language
language	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
its	O
interpreter	O
and	O
standard	O
libraries	O
)	O
was	O
initially	O
ported	O
to	O
the	O
NetBSD	B-Device
kernel	I-Device
during	O
Google	B-Application
Summer	I-Application
of	I-Application
Code	I-Application
2010	O
and	O
has	O
undergone	O
several	O
improvements	O
since	O
then	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
two	O
main	O
differences	O
between	O
user	O
and	O
kernel	O
space	O
Lua	B-Language
:	O
kernel	O
Lua	B-Language
does	O
not	O
support	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
numbers	I-Algorithm
;	O
as	O
such	O
,	O
only	O
Lua	B-Language
integers	O
are	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
full	O
support	O
to	O
user	O
space	O
libraries	O
that	O
rely	O
on	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
io	O
and	O
os	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NetBSD	B-Device
has	O
featured	O
a	O
native	O
hardware	B-Application
monitoring	I-Application
framework	O
since	O
1999/2000	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
it	O
served	O
as	O
the	O
inspiration	O
behind	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
sysctl	O
hw.sensors	B-Application
framework	O
when	O
some	O
NetBSD	B-Device
drivers	O
were	O
being	O
ported	O
to	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
NetBSD	B-Device
had	O
close	O
to	O
85	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
exporting	O
data	O
through	O
the	O
API	O
of	O
the	O
envsys	B-Device
framework	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
2007	O
revision	O
,	O
serialisation	O
of	O
data	O
between	O
the	O
kernel	O
and	O
userland	O
is	O
done	O
through	O
XML	O
property	B-Application
lists	I-Application
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
NetBSD	B-Device
's	O
proplib(3 )	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NetBSD	B-Device
's	O
clean	O
design	O
,	O
high	O
performance	O
,	O
scalability	O
,	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
many	O
architectures	B-General_Concept
has	O
led	O
to	O
its	O
use	O
in	O
embedded	B-Architecture
devices	I-Architecture
and	O
servers	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
networking	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
commercial	O
real-time	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
,	O
QNX	B-Operating_System
,	O
uses	O
a	O
network	O
stack	O
based	O
on	O
NetBSD	B-Device
code	O
,	O
and	O
provides	O
various	O
drivers	O
ported	O
from	O
NetBSD	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dell	O
Force10	O
uses	O
NetBSD	B-Device
as	O
the	O
underlying	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
that	O
powers	O
FTOS	O
(	O
the	O
Force10	O
Operating	B-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
high	O
scalability	O
switch/routers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Force10	O
also	O
made	O
a	O
donation	O
to	O
the	O
NetBSD	B-Device
Foundation	O
in	O
2007	O
to	O
help	O
further	O
research	O
and	O
the	O
open	O
development	O
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wasabi	O
Systems	O
provides	O
a	O
commercial	O
Wasabi	O
Certified	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
product	O
based	O
on	O
NetBSD	B-Device
with	O
proprietary	O
enterprise	O
features	O
and	O
extensions	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
focused	O
on	O
embedded	O
,	O
server	O
and	O
storage	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NetBSD	B-Device
was	O
used	O
in	O
NASA	O
's	O
SAMS-II	O
Project	O
of	O
measuring	O
the	O
microgravity	O
environment	O
on	O
the	O
International	O
Space	O
Station	B-Device
,	O
and	O
for	O
investigations	O
of	O
TCP	B-Protocol
for	O
use	O
in	O
satellite	B-Application
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2004	O
,	O
SUNET	O
used	O
NetBSD	B-Device
to	O
set	O
the	O
Internet2	O
Land	O
Speed	O
Record	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NetBSD	B-Device
was	O
chosen	O
"	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
scalability	O
of	O
the	O
TCP	B-Protocol
code	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NetBSD	B-Device
is	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
Apple	O
's	O
AirPort	B-Device
Extreme	I-Device
and	O
Time	B-Device
Capsule	I-Device
products	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
(	O
most	O
of	O
whose	O
Unix-level	O
userland	O
code	O
is	O
derived	O
from	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
code	O
but	O
some	O
is	O
derived	O
from	O
NetBSD	B-Device
code	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
T-Mobile	B-Application
Sidekick	I-Application
LX	O
2009	O
smartphone	B-Application
is	O
based	O
on	O
NetBSD	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Minix	B-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
uses	O
a	O
mostly	O
NetBSD	B-Device
userland	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
its	O
pkgsrc	B-Application
packages	O
infrastructure	O
since	O
version	O
3.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Parts	O
of	O
macOS	B-Application
were	O
originally	O
taken	O
from	O
NetBSD	B-Device
,	O
such	O
as	O
some	O
userspace	O
command	O
line	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
of	O
the	O
NetBSD	B-Device
kernel	I-Device
and	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
core	O
userland	O
source	O
code	O
is	O
released	O
under	O
the	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
License	I-Operating_System
(	O
two	O
,	O
three	O
,	O
and	O
four-clause	O
variants	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
,	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
products	O
based	O
on	O
NetBSD	B-Device
is	O
possible	O
without	O
having	O
to	O
make	O
modifications	O
to	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
public	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
,	O
which	O
does	O
not	O
apply	O
to	O
NetBSD	B-Device
,	O
stipulates	O
that	O
changes	O
to	O
source	O
code	O
of	O
a	O
product	O
must	O
be	O
released	O
to	O
the	O
product	O
recipient	O
when	O
products	O
derived	O
from	O
those	O
changes	O
are	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
20	O
June	O
2008	O
,	O
the	O
NetBSD	B-Device
Foundation	O
announced	O
a	O
transition	O
to	O
the	O
two	O
clause	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
license	I-Operating_System
,	O
citing	O
concerns	O
with	O
UCB	O
support	O
of	O
clause	O
3	O
and	O
industry	O
applicability	O
of	O
clause	O
4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NetBSD	B-Device
also	O
includes	O
the	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
development	O
tools	O
and	O
other	O
packages	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
covered	O
by	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
and	O
other	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
licenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
with	O
other	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
projects	O
,	O
NetBSD	B-Device
separates	O
those	O
in	O
its	O
base	O
source	O
tree	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
easier	O
to	O
remove	O
code	O
that	O
is	O
under	O
more	O
restrictive	O
licenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
for	O
packages	O
,	O
the	O
installed	O
software	O
licenses	O
may	O
be	O
controlled	O
by	O
modifying	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
allowed	O
licenses	O
in	O
the	O
pkgsrc	B-Application
configuration	O
file	O
(	O
mk.conf	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
table	O
lists	O
major	O
NetBSD	B-Device
releases	O
and	O
their	O
notable	O
features	O
in	O
reverse	O
chronological	O
order	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Added	O
a	O
UEFI	B-Architecture
bootloader	O
,	O
NVMe	B-Application
driver	O
,	O
nouveau	B-Application
driver	I-Application
for	O
Nvidia	O
GPUs	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
more	O
ARM	B-Architecture
boards	O
including	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3	O
DistroWatch	O
Weekly	O
,	O
Issue	O
638	O
,	O
30	O
November	O
2015	O
8	O
October	O
2015	O
Add	O
accelerated	O
support	O
for	O
modern	O
Intel	O
and	O
Radeon	O
devices	O
on	O
x86	B-Operating_System
through	O
a	O
port	O
of	O
the	O
Linux	B-Application
3.15	O
DRM/KMS	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
blacklistd	O
,	O
a	O
daemon	O
that	O
integrates	O
with	O
packet	B-Protocol
filters	I-Protocol
to	O
dynamically	O
protect	O
network	O
daemons	O
from	O
network	O
break-in	O
attempts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NPF	B-Protocol
improvements	O
such	O
as	O
JIT	O
compilation	B-Language
and	O
dynamic	O
rules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
many	O
new	O
ARM	B-Architecture
boards	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Allwinner	B-Architecture
A20	O
,	O
A31	O
:	O
(	O
Cubieboard2	O
,	O
Cubietruck	B-Device
,	O
Banana	B-Application
Pi	I-Application
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
the	O
Multiprotocol	B-Protocol
Label	I-Protocol
Switching	I-Protocol
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
address	O
the	O
year	B-Application
2038	I-Application
problem	I-Application
,	O
time	O
t	O
was	O
extended	O
to	O
64-bit	B-Device
type	O
on	O
all	O
NetBSD	B-Device
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Access	O
to	O
driver-internal	O
limit	O
values	O
added	O
to	O
sysmon_envsys(9 )	O
,	O
freshly	O
utilised	O
by	O
new	O
drivers	O
like	O
aibs(4 )	O
Distributions	O
[LWN.net]DistroWatch	O
Weekly	O
,	O
Issue	O
386	B-General_Concept
,	O
3	O
January	O
2011	O
29	O
April	O
2009	O
Rewritten	O
threading	O
subsystem	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
1:1	O
model	O
and	O
rewritten	O
scheduler	O
implementation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Added	O
jemalloc	O
memory	B-General_Concept
allocator	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rewritten	O
Loadable	B-Application
kernel	I-Application
module	I-Application
framework	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
replace	O
old	O
LKMs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Use	O
of	O
X.Org	B-Operating_System
rather	O
than	O
XFree86	B-Device
by	O
default	O
for	O
i386	B-General_Concept
and	O
amd64	B-Device
ports	O
,	O
and	O
introduction	O
of	O
drm(4 )	O
/DRI	O
for	O
3D	O
hardware	O
acceleration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Preliminary	O
support	O
for	O
using	O
Clang	B-Application
instead	O
of	O
GCC	B-Application
as	O
the	O
system	O
compiler	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Added	O
support	O
for	O
ASLR	O
in	O
the	O
kernel	O
and	O
dynamic	O
linker	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rewritten	O
envsys	B-Device
framework	O
(	O
envsys2	O
)	O
;	O
addition	O
of	O
8	O
new	O
Hardware	B-Application
Monitoring	I-Application
sensor	O
drivers	O
;	O
new	O
I2C	O
attachment	O
of	O
the	O
lm(4 )	O
driver	O
;	O
additional	O
hardware	O
support	O
in	O
several	O
sensor	O
drivers	O
19	O
December	O
2007	O
Added	O
support	O
for	O
slab	B-General_Concept
allocator	I-General_Concept
,	O
bioctl	B-Device
,	O
iSCSI	B-Protocol
target	O
,	O
CARP	B-Application
,	O
tmpfs	B-Application
,	O
Explicit	O
Congestion	O
Notification	O
,	O
Xen	B-Operating_System
3	O
,	O
the	O
Kernel	O
Authorization	O
framework	O
,	O
Veriexec	B-Application
and	O
other	O
security	O
extensions	O
,	O
property	B-Application
list	I-Application
exchange	O
between	O
kernel/userland	O
through	O
ioctl	B-Operating_System
with	O
proplib(3 )	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
protocol	O
suite	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
filesystems	B-Application
>	O
2	O
terabytes	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pluggable	B-Application
Authentication	I-Application
Modules	I-Application
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
Packet	B-Protocol
Filter	I-Protocol
was	O
integrated	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
IPFilter	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
UFS	B-Operating_System
directory	B-Application
hash	I-Application
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
9	O
December	O
2004	O
Addition	O
of	O
native	O
POSIX	B-Operating_System
threads	I-Operating_System
and	O
SMP	B-Operating_System
support	O
on	O
i386	B-General_Concept
and	O
other	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMD64	B-Device
architecture	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
UFS2	B-Operating_System
and	O
SMBFS	B-Operating_System
,	O
addition	O
of	O
kqueue	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
14	O
September	O
2002	O
Unified	O
Buffer	O
Cache	O
(	O
UBC	O
)	O
was	O
introduced	O
,	O
which	O
unifies	O
the	O
filesystem	B-Application
and	O
virtual	B-Architecture
memory	I-Architecture
caches	O
of	O
file	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zero-copy	O
support	O
for	O
TCP	B-Protocol
and	O
UDP	O
transmit	O
path	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Added	O
support	O
for	O
multibyte	O
LC_CTYPE	O
locales.OS	O
Review	O
:	O
NetBSD	B-Device
1.6.2	O
on	O
SPARC64	B-Architecture
,	O
OSNews	O
6	O
December	O
2000	O
IPv6	B-Protocol
and	O
IPsec	B-Protocol
were	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
network	O
stack	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenSSL	B-Language
and	O
OpenSSH	B-Language
imported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Six	O
new	O
platforms	O
supported	O
,	O
including	O
sparc64	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Added	O
FFS	B-Operating_System
soft	B-Application
updates	I-Application
and	O
support	O
for	O
NTFS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
12	O
May	O
1999	O
UVM	O
,	O
a	O
rewritten	O
virtual	B-Architecture
memory	I-Architecture
subsystem	O
,	O
was	O
introduced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Added	O
RAIDframe	O
,	O
a	O
software	O
RAID	B-Architecture
implementation	O
,	O
and	O
imported	O
IPFilter	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ports	O
to	O
Power	B-Device
Macintosh	I-Device
and	O
NeXTcube/station	O
systems	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Added	O
full	O
USB	B-Protocol
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
9	O
March	O
1998	O
XFree86	B-Device
source	O
tree	O
was	O
made	O
a	O
supported	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
distribution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
ISA	B-Device
Plug	I-Device
and	I-Device
Play	I-Device
,	O
PCMCIA	B-Architecture
,	O
ATAPI	O
and	O
APM	B-Device
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ext2fs	B-Application
and	O
FAT32	B-Application
filesystems	B-Application
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
pkgsrc	B-Application
packages	O
collection	O
system	O
was	O
introduced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
4	O
October	O
1996	O
Support	O
for	O
NFSv3	B-Protocol
,	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
scanner	O
and	O
medium	O
changer	O
devices	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NTP	B-Protocol
phase-locked	O
loop	O
added	O
in	O
kernel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ports	O
for	O
ARM	B-Architecture
and	O
Sharp	O
X68k	B-Device
systems	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
26	O
November	O
1995	O
Ports	O
for	O
DEC	B-Device
Alpha	I-Device
,	O
Atari	O
TT/Falcon030	O
and	O
MVME68k	B-Device
systems	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
26	O
October	O
1994	O
The	O
first	O
multi-platform	B-Operating_System
release	O
,	O
supporting	O
the	O
PC	O
,	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
Series	O
300	O
,	O
Amiga	B-Device
,	O
68k	B-Device
Macintosh	B-Device
,	O
Sun-4c	B-Device
series	O
and	O
the	O
PC532	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
legally	O
encumbered	O
Net/2	O
-derived	O
source	O
code	O
was	O
replaced	O
with	O
equivalent	O
code	O
from	O
4.4BSD-lite	O
,	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	O
USL	B-Operating_System
v	I-Operating_System
BSDi	I-Operating_System
lawsuit	O
settlement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Addition	O
of	O
shared	O
libraries	O
and	O
Kerberos	B-Protocol
5	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
still	O
a	O
PC-platform-only	O
release	O
,	O
although	O
by	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
work	O
was	O
underway	O
to	O
add	O
support	O
for	O
other	O
architectures	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
loadable	B-Application
kernel	I-Application
modules	I-Application
(	O
LKM	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
20	O
April	O
1993	O
The	O
first	O
official	O
release	O
,	O
derived	O
from	O
386BSD	B-Operating_System
0.1	O
plus	O
the	O
version	O
0.2.2	O
unofficial	O
patchkit	O
,	O
with	O
several	O
programs	O
from	O
the	O
Net/2	O
release	O
missing	O
from	O
386BSD	B-Operating_System
re-integrated	O
,	O
and	O
various	O
other	O
improvements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NetBSD	B-Device
"	O
flag	O
"	O
logo	O
,	O
designed	O
by	O
Grant	O
Bissett	O
,	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
2004	O
and	O
is	O
an	O
abstraction	O
of	O
their	O
older	O
logo	O
,	O
designed	O
by	O
Shawn	O
Mueller	O
in	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NetBSD	B-Device
Foundation	O
is	O
the	O
legal	O
entity	O
that	O
owns	O
the	O
intellectual	O
property	O
and	O
trademarks	O
associated	O
with	O
NetBSD	B-Device
,	O
and	O
on	O
22	O
January	O
2004	O
,	O
became	O
a	O
501(c )	O
3	O
tax-exempt	O
non-profit	O
organization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
foundation	O
are	O
developers	O
who	O
have	O
CVS	B-Application
commit	O
access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NetBSD	B-Device
Foundation	O
has	O
a	O
Board	O
of	O
Directors	O
,	O
elected	O
by	O
the	O
voting	O
of	O
members	O
for	O
two	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hosting	O
for	O
the	O
project	O
is	O
provided	O
primarily	O
by	O
Columbia	O
University	O
,	O
and	O
Western	O
Washington	O
University	O
,	O
fronted	O
by	O
a	O
CDN	B-Operating_System
provided	O
by	O
Fastly	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
