<s>
Natural-language	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
LUI	O
or	O
NLUI	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
computer	B-Application
human	I-Application
interface	I-Application
where	O
linguistic	O
phenomena	O
such	O
as	O
verbs	O
,	O
phrases	O
and	O
clauses	O
act	O
as	O
UI	O
controls	O
for	O
creating	O
,	O
selecting	O
and	O
modifying	O
data	O
in	O
software	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
interface	O
design	O
,	O
natural-language	O
interfaces	O
are	O
sought	O
after	O
for	O
their	O
speed	O
and	O
ease	O
of	O
use	O
,	O
but	O
most	O
suffer	O
the	O
challenges	O
to	O
understanding	B-General_Concept
wide	O
varieties	O
of	O
ambiguous	O
input	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Natural-language	O
interfaces	O
are	O
an	O
active	O
area	O
of	O
study	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
natural-language	B-Language
processing	I-Language
and	O
computational	O
linguistics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Likewise	O
,	O
a	O
traditional	O
keyword	B-Application
search	I-Application
engine	O
could	O
be	O
described	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
shallow	O
"	O
natural-language	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
natural-language	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
would	O
in	O
theory	O
find	O
targeted	O
answers	B-Algorithm
to	I-Algorithm
user	I-Algorithm
questions	I-Algorithm
(	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
keyword	B-Application
search	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
'	O
,	O
conventional	O
search	B-Application
engines	I-Application
ignore	O
the	O
question	O
and	O
instead	O
search	O
on	O
the	O
keywords	O
'	O
state	O
 '	O
,	O
'	O
income	O
 '	O
and	O
'	O
tax	O
 '	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Natural-language	O
search	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
attempts	O
to	O
use	O
natural-language	B-Language
processing	I-Language
to	O
understand	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
question	O
and	O
then	O
to	O
search	O
and	O
return	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
the	O
web	O
that	O
contains	O
the	O
answer	O
to	O
the	O
question	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
it	O
works	O
,	O
results	O
would	O
have	O
a	O
higher	O
relevance	O
than	O
results	O
from	O
a	O
keyword	B-Application
search	I-Application
engine	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
question	O
being	O
included	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chat-80	O
transformed	O
English	O
questions	O
into	O
Prolog	B-Language
expressions	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
evaluated	O
against	O
the	O
Prolog	B-Language
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ELIZA	B-Application
,	O
written	O
at	O
MIT	O
by	O
Joseph	O
Weizenbaum	O
between	O
1964	O
and	O
1966	O
,	O
mimicked	O
a	O
psychotherapist	O
and	O
was	O
operated	O
by	O
processing	O
users	O
 '	O
responses	O
to	O
scripts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Q&A	B-Application
from	O
Symantec	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dictation	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
use	O
for	O
automated	B-Application
speech	I-Application
recognition	I-Application
(	O
ASR	O
)	O
systems	O
today	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
people	O
with	O
difficulty	O
hearing	O
could	O
use	O
a	O
system	O
connected	O
to	O
their	O
telephone	O
to	O
convert	O
a	O
caller	O
's	O
speech	B-Application
to	I-Application
text	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Embedded	O
applications	O
,	O
some	O
new	O
cellular	O
phones	O
include	O
C&C	O
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
that	O
allow	O
utterances	O
such	O
as	O
"	O
call	O
home	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
major	O
factor	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
automatic	B-Application
speech	I-Application
recognition	I-Application
and	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ubiquity	O
,	O
an	O
add-on	B-Operating_System
for	O
Mozilla	B-Application
Firefox	I-Application
,	O
is	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
quick	O
and	O
easy	O
natural-language-derived	O
commands	O
that	O
act	O
as	O
mashups	B-Application
of	O
web	O
services	O
,	O
thus	O
allowing	O
users	O
to	O
get	O
information	O
and	O
relate	O
it	O
to	O
current	O
and	O
other	O
webpages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wolfram	O
Alpha	O
is	O
an	O
online	O
service	O
that	O
answers	O
factual	O
queries	O
directly	O
by	O
computing	O
the	O
answer	O
from	O
structured	O
data	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
providing	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
documents	O
or	O
web	O
pages	O
that	O
might	O
contain	O
the	O
answer	O
as	O
a	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
would	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Siri	O
is	O
an	O
intelligent	B-Protocol
personal	I-Protocol
assistant	I-Protocol
application	O
integrated	O
with	O
operating	O
system	O
iOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
application	O
uses	O
natural	B-Language
language	I-Language
processing	I-Language
to	O
answer	O
questions	O
and	O
make	O
recommendations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ask.com	B-Application
–	O
The	O
original	O
idea	O
behind	O
Ask	B-Application
Jeeves	I-Application
(	O
Ask.com	B-Application
)	O
was	O
traditional	O
keyword	O
searching	O
with	O
an	O
ability	O
to	O
get	O
answers	O
to	O
questions	O
posed	O
in	O
everyday	O
,	O
natural	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
current	O
Ask.com	B-Application
still	O
supports	O
this	O
,	O
with	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
math	O
,	O
dictionary	O
,	O
and	O
conversion	O
questions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Braina	B-General_Concept
–	O
Braina	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
natural	O
language	O
interface	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
OS	I-Application
that	O
allows	O
to	O
type	O
or	O
speak	O
English	O
language	O
sentences	O
to	O
perform	O
a	O
certain	O
action	O
or	O
find	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Language
Do	I-Language
–	O
Allows	O
for	O
quick	O
finding	O
miscellaneous	O
artifacts	O
of	O
GNOME	O
environment	O
(	O
applications	O
,	O
Evolution	O
and	O
Pidgin	O
contacts	O
,	O
Firefox	B-Application
bookmarks	O
,	O
Rhythmbox	O
artists	O
and	O
albums	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
)	O
and	O
execute	O
the	O
basic	O
actions	O
on	O
them	O
(	O
launch	O
,	O
open	O
,	O
email	O
,	O
chat	O
,	O
play	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
hakia	B-Application
–	O
hakia	B-Application
was	O
an	O
Internet	B-Application
search	I-Application
engine	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
hakia	B-Application
closed	O
in	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lexxe	B-Application
–	O
Lexxe	B-Application
was	O
an	O
Internet	B-Application
search	I-Application
engine	I-Application
that	O
used	O
natural-language	B-Language
processing	I-Language
for	O
queries	O
(	O
semantic	O
search	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lexxe	B-Application
closed	O
its	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
services	O
in	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Powerset	B-General_Concept
–	O
On	O
May	O
11	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
unveiled	O
a	O
tool	O
for	O
searching	O
a	O
fixed	O
subset	O
of	O
Wikipedia	O
using	O
conversational	O
phrases	O
rather	O
than	O
keywords	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Q-go	B-Application
–	O
The	O
Q-go	B-Application
technology	O
provides	O
relevant	O
answers	O
to	O
users	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
queries	O
on	O
a	O
company	O
’s	O
internet	O
website	O
or	O
corporate	O
intranet	O
,	O
formulated	O
in	O
natural	O
sentences	O
or	O
keyword	O
input	O
alike	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Q-go	B-Application
was	O
acquired	O
by	O
RightNow	B-General_Concept
Technologies	I-General_Concept
in	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yebol	B-Application
–	O
Yebol	B-Application
was	O
a	O
vertical	O
"	O
decision	O
"	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
that	O
had	O
developed	O
a	O
knowledge-based	O
,	O
semantic	O
search	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yebol	B-Application
's	O
artificial	O
intelligence	O
human	O
intelligence-infused	O
algorithms	O
automatically	O
clustered	O
and	O
categorized	O
search	B-Application
results	I-Application
,	O
web	O
sites	O
,	O
pages	O
and	O
content	O
that	O
it	O
presented	O
in	O
a	O
visually	O
indexed	O
format	O
that	O
is	O
more	O
aligned	O
with	O
initial	O
human	O
intent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yebol	B-Application
used	O
association	O
,	O
ranking	O
and	O
clustering	O
algorithms	O
to	O
analyze	O
related	O
keywords	O
or	O
web	O
pages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yebol	B-Application
integrated	O
natural-language	B-Language
processing	I-Language
,	O
metasynthetic-engineered	O
open	O
complex	O
systems	O
,	O
and	O
machine	O
algorithms	O
with	O
human	O
knowledge	O
for	O
each	O
query	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
web	O
directory	O
that	O
actually	O
'	O
learns	O
 '	O
,	O
using	O
correlation	O
,	O
clustering	O
and	O
classification	O
algorithms	O
to	O
automatically	O
generate	O
the	O
knowledge	O
query	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
retained	O
and	O
regenerated	O
forward	O
.	O
</s>
