<s>
The	O
National	B-General_Concept
Strategic	I-General_Concept
Computing	I-General_Concept
Initiative	I-General_Concept
(	O
NSCI	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
United	O
States	O
initiative	O
calling	O
for	O
the	O
accelerated	O
development	O
of	O
technologies	O
for	O
exascale	B-General_Concept
supercomputers	B-Architecture
,	O
and	O
funding	O
research	O
into	O
post-semiconductor	O
computing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
an	O
April	O
2016	O
forum	O
,	O
engaging	O
independent	B-Application
software	I-Application
vendors	I-Application
to	O
develop	O
software	O
platforms	O
for	O
HPC	O
was	O
seen	O
as	O
a	O
major	O
hurdle	O
of	O
the	O
initiative	O
,	O
as	O
was	O
attracting	O
a	O
workforce	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
HPC	O
given	O
the	O
dominance	O
of	O
startup	O
companies	O
in	O
attracting	O
talent	O
,	O
and	O
raising	O
awareness	O
of	O
government	O
HPC	O
resources	O
to	O
outside	O
parties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Justifications	O
for	O
the	O
initiative	O
include	O
the	O
increasing	O
capabilities	O
of	O
China	O
in	O
supercomputing	B-Architecture
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
increasing	O
relevance	O
of	O
HPC	O
to	O
industry	O
rather	O
than	O
only	O
academic	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FY2017	O
budget	O
proposal	O
envisions	O
the	O
preexisting	O
Exascale	B-General_Concept
Computing	I-General_Concept
Initiative	O
continuing	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
for	O
exascale	B-General_Concept
computing	I-General_Concept
,	O
but	O
a	O
new	O
Exascale	B-General_Concept
Computing	I-General_Concept
Program	O
would	O
assume	O
responsibility	O
for	O
development	O
and	O
procurement	O
of	O
actual	O
machines	O
,	O
along	O
the	O
lines	O
of	O
Energy	O
's	O
other	O
scientific	O
instruments	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Advanced	O
Photon	O
Source	O
the	O
Spallation	O
Neutron	O
Source	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
NASA	O
and	O
NOAA	O
already	O
have	O
high-performance	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
programs	O
,	O
those	O
at	O
the	O
other	O
three	O
deployment	O
agencies	O
would	O
be	O
new	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
initiative	O
,	O
a	O
request	O
for	O
information	O
on	O
"	O
Science	O
Drivers	O
Requiring	O
Capable	O
Exascale	B-General_Concept
High	B-Architecture
Performance	I-Architecture
Computing	I-Architecture
"	O
was	O
issued	O
by	O
the	O
National	O
Science	O
Foundation	O
on	O
September	O
15	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
2016	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
exascale	B-General_Concept
systems	O
were	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
operational	O
by	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
