<s>
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
finite	B-Application
element	I-Application
analysis	I-Application
(	O
FEA	B-Application
)	O
program	O
that	O
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
for	O
NASA	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1960s	O
under	O
United	O
States	O
government	O
funding	O
for	O
the	O
aerospace	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MacNeal-Schwendler	B-Application
Corporation	I-Application
(	O
MSC	O
)	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
principal	O
and	O
original	O
developers	O
of	O
the	O
publicly	O
available	O
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
source	O
code	O
is	O
integrated	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
different	O
software	O
packages	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
distributed	O
by	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
companies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
1964	O
annual	O
review	O
of	O
NASA	O
's	O
structural	O
dynamics	O
research	O
program	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
research	O
centers	O
were	O
separately	O
developing	O
structural	B-Algorithm
analysis	I-Algorithm
software	O
that	O
was	O
specific	O
to	O
their	O
own	O
needs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
name	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
program	O
during	O
its	O
development	O
in	O
the	O
1960s	O
was	O
GPSA	O
,	O
an	O
acronym	O
for	O
General	O
Purpose	O
Structural	B-Algorithm
Analysis	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
eventual	O
formal	O
name	O
approved	O
by	O
NASA	O
for	O
the	O
program	O
,	O
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
,	O
is	O
an	O
acronym	O
formed	O
from	O
NASA	O
STRucture	O
ANalysis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
system	O
was	O
released	O
to	O
NASA	O
in	O
1968	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
late	O
1960s	O
,	O
the	O
MacNeal-Schwendler	B-Application
Corporation	I-Application
(	O
MSC	O
)	O
started	O
to	O
market	O
and	O
support	O
its	O
own	O
version	O
of	O
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
,	O
called	O
MSC/NASTRAN	O
(	O
which	O
eventually	O
became	O
MSC.Nastran	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
software	O
application	O
was	O
written	O
to	O
help	O
design	O
more	O
efficient	O
space	O
vehicles	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Space	O
Shuttle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
was	O
released	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
in	O
1971	O
by	O
NASA	O
's	O
Office	O
of	O
Technology	O
Utilization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
commercial	O
use	O
of	O
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
has	O
helped	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
behavior	O
of	O
elastic	O
structures	O
of	O
any	O
size	O
,	O
shape	O
,	O
or	O
purpose	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
was	O
inducted	O
into	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Space	O
Foundation	O
's	O
Space	O
Technology	O
Hall	O
of	O
Fame	O
in	O
1988	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
technologies	O
to	O
receive	O
this	O
prestigious	O
honor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
program	O
has	O
evolved	O
over	O
many	O
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
,	O
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
is	O
widely	O
used	O
throughout	O
the	O
world	O
in	O
the	O
aerospace	O
,	O
automotive	O
and	O
maritime	O
industries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
been	O
claimed	O
that	O
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
industry	O
standard	O
for	O
basic	O
types	O
of	O
analysis	O
for	O
aerospace	O
structures	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2001	O
the	O
NASA	O
released	O
with	O
the	O
"	O
NASA	O
Classics	O
"	O
package	O
also	O
the	O
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
source	O
code	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
via	O
Open	O
Channel	O
Software	O
for	O
fees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2002	O
MSC	B-Application
Software	I-Application
reached	O
a	O
final	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	O
FTC	O
to	O
resolve	O
an	O
antitrust	O
case	O
against	O
the	O
company	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
two	O
acquisitions	O
of	O
rival	O
CAE	O
vendors	O
,	O
Universal	O
Analytics	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
(	O
UAI	O
)	O
and	O
Computerized	O
Structural	B-Algorithm
Analysis	I-Algorithm
&	O
Research	O
Corp	O
.	O
(	O
CSAR	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
the	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
settlement	O
,	O
MSC	O
divested	O
a	O
clone	O
copy	O
of	O
its	O
current	O
Nastran	B-Algorithm
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Commercial	O
versions	O
of	O
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
are	O
currently	O
available	O
from	O
several	O
vendors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
is	O
written	O
primarily	O
in	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
and	O
contains	O
over	O
one	O
million	O
lines	O
of	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
is	O
compatible	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
variety	O
of	O
computers	O
and	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
ranging	O
from	O
small	O
workstations	B-Device
to	O
the	O
largest	O
supercomputers	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
was	O
designed	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
to	O
consist	O
of	O
several	O
modules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
module	O
is	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
subroutines	O
designed	O
to	O
perform	O
a	O
specific	O
taskprocessing	O
model	O
geometry	O
,	O
assembling	O
matrices	O
,	O
applying	O
constraints	O
,	O
solving	O
matrix	O
problems	O
,	O
calculating	O
output	O
quantities	O
,	O
conversing	O
with	O
the	O
database	O
,	O
printing	O
the	O
solution	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
modules	O
are	O
controlled	O
by	O
an	O
internal	O
language	O
called	O
the	O
Direct	B-Algorithm
Matrix	I-Algorithm
Abstraction	I-Algorithm
Program	I-Algorithm
(	O
DMAP	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
is	O
primarily	O
a	O
solver	O
for	O
finite	B-Application
element	I-Application
analysis	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
multiple	O
software	O
vendors	O
market	O
pre	O
-	O
and	O
post-processors	O
designed	O
to	O
simplify	O
building	O
a	O
finite	B-Application
element	I-Application
model	O
and	O
analyzing	O
the	O
results	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
software	O
tools	O
include	O
functionality	O
to	O
import	O
and	O
simplify	O
CAD	B-Application
geometry	O
,	O
mesh	O
with	O
finite	B-Application
elements	I-Application
,	O
and	O
apply	O
loads	O
and	O
restraints	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
tools	O
allow	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
submit	O
an	O
analysis	O
to	O
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
import	O
the	O
results	O
and	O
show	O
them	O
graphically	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
pre	O
-	O
and	O
post-processing	O
capabilities	O
,	O
several	O
Nastran	B-Algorithm
vendors	O
have	O
integrated	O
more	O
advanced	O
nonlinear	O
capabilities	O
into	O
their	O
Nastran	B-Algorithm
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
software	O
options	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
original	O
source	O
code	O
are	O
available	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
MSC	O
Nastran	B-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
original	O
commercial	O
Nastran	B-Algorithm
product	O
started	O
by	O
Dr.	O
Richard	O
MacNeal	O
and	O
Robert	O
Schwendler	O
in	O
1963	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MSC	O
Nastran	B-Algorithm
is	O
commonly	O
utilized	O
for	O
performing	O
structural	B-Algorithm
analysis	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
1963	O
,	O
MSC	O
Nastran	B-Algorithm
has	O
continued	O
to	O
evolve	O
and	O
extend	O
capabilities	O
to	O
dynamics	O
,	O
rotordynamics	O
,	O
nonlinear	O
,	O
thermal	O
,	O
high	O
impact	O
,	O
NVH	O
,	O
fluid	O
structural	O
interactive	O
and	O
fatigue	O
analysis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
it	O
couples	O
with	O
MSC	B-Algorithm
Marc	I-Algorithm
and	O
LS-Dyna	O
to	O
provide	O
highly	O
nonlinear	O
coupled	O
analysis	O
solutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Built	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
base	O
code	O
as	O
the	O
original	O
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
software	O
created	O
by	O
NASA	O
that	O
includes	O
the	O
original	O
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
architecture	O
and	O
DMAP	O
language	O
,	O
NASTRAN-xMG	O
provides	O
unlimited	O
problem	O
size	O
,	O
high-speed	O
solver	O
technology	O
,	O
and	O
substructuring	O
analysis	O
options	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NEi	B-Algorithm
Nastran	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
general	O
purpose	O
finite	B-Application
element	I-Application
analysis	I-Application
solver	O
used	O
to	O
analyze	O
linear	O
and	O
nonlinear	O
stress	O
,	O
dynamics	O
,	O
and	O
heat	O
transfer	O
characteristics	O
of	O
structures	O
and	O
mechanical	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NX	B-Algorithm
Nastran	B-Algorithm
resulted	O
from	O
an	O
FTC	O
action	O
against	O
MSC	O
Corporation	O
for	O
alleged	O
antitrust	O
activity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
antitrust	O
settlement	O
allowed	O
the	O
2003	O
purchase	O
of	O
a	O
royalty-free	O
,	O
perpetual	O
license	O
for	O
the	O
MSC.Nastran	O
2001	O
source	O
code	O
by	O
UGS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
UGS	O
was	O
previously	O
the	O
Unigraphics	B-Algorithm
division	O
of	O
EDS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nastran	B-Algorithm
's	O
CAE	O
capabilities	O
were	O
added	O
to	O
NX	B-Algorithm
Unigraphics	I-Algorithm
 '	I-Algorithm
CAD	B-Application
and	O
other	O
components	O
to	O
form	O
the	O
EDS/UGS	O
PLM	O
Solutions	O
product	O
life-cycle	O
management	O
suite	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
purchase	O
included	O
a	O
perpetual	O
,	O
worldwide	O
,	O
free	O
of	O
royalties	O
,	O
nonexclusive	O
license	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
program	O
MSC.Nastran	O
v2001	O
,	O
other	O
assets	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
software	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
copyright	O
and	O
trademark	O
rights	O
acquired	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
MSC	O
's	O
acquisitions	O
of	O
Universal	O
Analytics	O
Inc	O
.	O
and	O
Computerized	O
Structural	B-Algorithm
Analysis	I-Algorithm
&	O
Research	O
Corp	O
.	O
in	O
1999	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Simcenter	O
Nastran	B-Algorithm
(	O
NX	B-Algorithm
Nastran	B-Algorithm
)	O
is	O
now	O
part	O
of	O
Siemens	O
Digital	O
Industry	O
Software	O
's	O
Simcenter	O
product	O
portfolio	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
solvers	O
within	O
their	O
Simcenter	O
3D	O
CAE	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
source	O
and	O
binary	O
copies	O
of	O
Nastran	B-Algorithm
are	O
available	O
from	O
the	O
Open	O
Channel	O
Foundation	O
for	O
an	O
annual	O
license	O
fee	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
published	O
in	O
June	O
2015	O
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
success	O
of	O
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
led	O
to	O
development	O
of	O
many	O
other	O
finite	B-Application
element	I-Application
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
such	O
software	O
is	O
ASTROS	O
that	O
extended	O
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
type	O
capability	O
to	O
include	O
structural	O
optimization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Currently	O
there	O
are	O
numerous	O
commercially	O
available	O
FEA	B-Application
products	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
read	O
the	O
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
input	O
format	O
although	O
not	O
bearing	O
the	O
name	O
NASTRAN	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
listed	O
on	O
the	O
List	B-Algorithm
of	I-Algorithm
finite	I-Algorithm
element	I-Algorithm
software	I-Algorithm
packages	I-Algorithm
,	O
CAE	O
,	O
and	O
FEA	B-Application
pages	O
(	O
see	O
categories	O
below	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
