<s>
Nanofiber	B-Algorithm
Seeding	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
process	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
bulk	O
morphology	O
of	O
chemically	O
synthesized	O
conducting	B-Algorithm
polymers	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
,	O
catalytic	O
amount	O
of	O
nanofiber	O
seeds	O
are	O
added	O
in	O
prior	O
to	O
onset	O
of	O
nanofiber	B-Algorithm
seeding	I-Algorithm
polymerization	O
(	O
reaction	O
)	O
,	O
where	O
seeds	O
are	O
served	O
as	O
the	O
'	O
morphology	O
directing	O
agent	O
 '	O
rather	O
than	O
conventional	O
templates	O
(	O
see	O
hard	O
or	O
soft	O
templating	O
methods	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
new	O
synthetic	O
approach	O
,	O
called	O
nanofiber	B-Algorithm
seeding	I-Algorithm
,	O
was	O
developed	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
bulk	O
morphology	O
of	O
chemically	O
synthesized	O
electronic	O
organic	O
polymers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bulk	O
quantities	O
of	O
nanofibers	O
of	O
conducting	B-Algorithm
polymers	I-Algorithm
such	O
as	O
polyaniline	B-Algorithm
,	O
can	O
be	O
synthesized	O
in	O
one	O
step	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
conventional	O
templates	O
,	O
surfactants	O
,	O
polymers	O
,	O
or	O
organic	O
solvents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Conventional	O
oxidative	O
polymerization	O
approaches	O
to	O
nanostructured	O
conducting	B-Algorithm
polymers	I-Algorithm
include	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
hard	O
template	O
zeolites	O
,	O
opals	O
,	O
and	O
controlled	O
pore-size	O
membranes	O
,	O
or	O
soft	O
template	O
such	O
as	O
polymers	O
and	O
surfactants	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
“	O
template-free	O
”	O
approach	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
described	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
large	O
organic	O
anions	O
results	O
in	O
polyaniline	B-Algorithm
nanofibers	O
and	O
nanotubes	O
having	O
average	O
diameters	O
in	O
the	O
650-80	O
nm	O
range	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Standard	O
synthesis	O
of	O
polyaniline	B-Algorithm
yields	O
granular	O
morphology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
conventional	O
reaction	O
is	O
seeded	O
by	O
1-4	O
mg	O
(	O
seed	O
quantities	O
)	O
of	O
added	O
pre-synthesized	O
polyaniline	B-Algorithm
nanofibers	O
,	O
(	O
nanofiber	O
seeds	O
could	O
be	O
prepared	O
from	O
interfacial	O
polymerization	O
)	O
the	O
bulk	O
morphology	O
changes	O
dramatically	O
from	O
granular	O
to	O
nano-fibrillar	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Furthermore	O
,	O
increased	O
capacitance	O
values	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
polyaniline	B-Algorithm
nanofibers	O
synthesized	O
by	O
the	O
nanofiber	B-Algorithm
seeding	I-Algorithm
approach	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
method	O
can	O
be	O
extended	O
to	O
all	O
major	O
classes	O
of	O
conducting	B-Algorithm
polymers	I-Algorithm
,	O
including	O
polypyrrole	B-Algorithm
,	O
PEDOT	B-Algorithm
and	O
other	O
polythiophenes	B-Algorithm
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nanofiber	B-Algorithm
seeding	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
convenient	O
approach	O
to	O
obtain	O
thin	O
,	O
substrate-supported	O
,	O
transparent	O
films	O
of	O
nanofibers	O
of	O
conducting	B-Algorithm
polymers	I-Algorithm
without	O
requiring	O
any	O
bulk	O
processing	O
steps	O
.	O
</s>
